Decitabine Is Effective and Safe In Patients with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4032-4032
Author(s):  
Elias Jabbour ◽  
Hagop M. Kantarjian ◽  
Farhad Ravandi ◽  
A. Megan Cornelison ◽  
Tapan Kadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Survival Duration ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 4032 Background: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare yet indolent disease. The median survival duration in CMML is 12 to 18 months and patients with poor prognostic features do even worse, with median survival time ranging 3 to 6 months. Activity with decitabine in CMML has been previously reported. We sought to analyze the clinical experience of 17 adults with a diagnosis of CMML treated on two decitabine studies. Methods: A subset of patients with CMML from a pivotal phase III 3-day dosing and an open-label trial of 5-day dosing were identified and reviewed to determine the overall response rate (ORR, based on IWG 2006 criteria), duration of response, time to response, and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 17 patients with CMML were included in this review. Mean age at diagnosis was 71 years (range, 47 to 81 years) with a mean time from diagnosis of 406.4 days. The majority of CMML patients had de novo (94.1%), good risk cytogenetics (58.8%) with an IPSS classification of Intermediate-1 (64.7%). Baseline mean white blood count (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (plts) were 7.5 × 103/μ L, 14.6 g/dL and 81.9 × 103/μ L, respectively. A larger proportion of CMML patients at baseline were plt and RBC transfusion independent. Objective response rate (ORR) was 41% [17.6% complete response (CR) and 23.5% marrowCR (mCR)]; Hematologic improvement (HI) was observed in 11.7% and stable disease in 29.4% of patients. Median survival was 391 (95% CI 239, 678) days and 2 (11.7%) patients progressed to AML. The adverse event profile was similar to observations in previous trials with myelosuppression and infectious complications. Conclusions: This retrospective review of responses in CMML patients supports previous findings of decitabine experience in this population. In this analysis an overall response rate of 41.4% was achieved. Decitabine provided anti-CMML activity with an acceptable safety profile. Disclosures: Jabbour: Eisai Inc.: Editorial and statistical support from Eisai Inc., Honoraria. Kantarjian:Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy. Ravandi:Eisai Inc.: Research Funding; Eisai Inc.: Honoraria. Borthakur:Eisai Inc.: Research Funding. Cortes:Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.

AOP2014, a Novel Peg-Proline-Interferon Alpha-2b with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties, Is Safe and Well Tolerated and Shows Promising Efficacy in Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 175-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gisslinger ◽  
Robert Kralovics ◽  
Bettina Gisslinger ◽  
Daniel Lechner ◽  
Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Abstract 175 AOP2014 is a next generation long-acting pegylated IFNa-2b, consisting predominantly of only one isoform, as opposed to other commercially available pegylated interferons. AOP2014 has a distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile which may potentially allow reduced dosing frequencies compared to other pegylated IFNs. This is being expected to result in improved tolerability, better compliance, and, finally, favorable long-term treatment outcomes. AOP2014 is a designated Orphan Drug in EU for treatment of patients with PV. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD), long term safety and efficacy of AOP2014, administered subcutaneously every 14 days, are the main objectives of the study. Patients with confirmed PV diagnosis, age equal or older 18 years, both naïve and cytoreduction pre-treated are eligible. After establishing the MTD, an extended cohort of 25 additional patients was planned to be recruited. European LeukemiaNet criteria were used for response assessment. 34 patients, treated by March 31, 2012 were included into this analysis: 25 in Phase I (dose-finding) and 9 in the Phase II (cohort extension). Median time from diagnosis was 24 months (range 0–180). 12 patients (35%) were HU pre-treated (mean past duration of HU pre-treatment 39 months, mean daily HU dose 950 mg). Median number of phlebotomies in the past 3 months prior to inclusion was 1 (range 0–8), a total of 21 patients (62%) were regularly phlebotomized at least once in three months prior to study entry. 11 patients (32%) had a history of thrombotic complications. Median Hct at baseline was 42% (range 36–51). Median WBC and platelet counts were 10.6*109/l (range 3.9–20.4) and 452*109/l (range 141–1019), respectively. 17 patients (50%) had splenomegaly at baseline. The median reported treatment duration was 41 weeks (range: 1 day – 80 weeks), 11 patients completed 1 year on treatment. Doses from 50 to 540 ug every two weeks were tested, 540 ug has been concluded as MTD as the highest tested dose, since no DLTs occurred in the study. The mean administered dose (both Phase I and II patients) was 287 ug. After 28 weeks of treatment (21 evaluable patients), 71% of patients had hematological response (7 CR, 33%; 8 PR, 38%), at week 36 (19 evaluable patients) 8 patients (42%) achieved a CR and 8 patients (42%) a PR, overall response rate (ORR, CR+PR) was 84%. At week 52 (1 year; 11 evaluable patients), 5 patients (46%) had CR and 5 (46%) PR, ORR was 91%; 8 (73%) patients presented with completely normalized blood values, all evaluable patients were phlebotomy free at this timepoint. 4 patients (of 12 evaluable for this measurement, 33%) had still enlarged spleen at week 52. At week 76, 2 evaluable patients were complete responders. At week 52, 1 patient (of 9 evaluable, 11%) developed partial molecular response, at week 68 3 patients (of 7 evaluable, 43%) had partial molecular response. One patient with allelic burden of 22% at baseline developed complete molecular response at week 36 (still ongoing). Mainly grade 1 and 2 adverse events were reported. A total of 358 adverse events occurred. 27 patients (79%) suffered from drug-related adverse events. 9 patients (26%) developed serious adverse events; 4 SAEs were considered to be treatment related. 5 patients (15%) discontinued their study participation prematurely, 3 of them due to adverse events (deterioration of underlying disease and two cases of depression). Acceptable tolerability and durable clinical benefits have been demonstrated in PV patients measured as overall response rate of above 90% with CRs of 46% at one year after treatment start. Phlebotomy independence and normalization of hematological parameters could be seen in most of the patients. The study continues to recruit and collect long term follow up information. Presented data support further development of AOP2014 in PV, a Phase III study is planned to start early 2013. Disclosures: Gisslinger: AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Celgene Austria: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kralovics:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Gisslinger:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Lechner:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Buxhofer-Ausch:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Strecker:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Gastl:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Willenbacher:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Greil:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Egle:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Melchardt:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Burgstaller:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Schloegl:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding. Tarmann:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Employment. Zoerer:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Employment. Klade:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Employment. Zahriychuk:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Employment. Thaler:AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG: Research Funding.

Clofarabine, Idarubicin, and Cytarabine (CIA) As Frontline Therapy for Patients <= 60 Years with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Aziz Nazha ◽  
Farhad Ravandi ◽  
Hagop M. Kantarjian ◽  
Xuelin Huang ◽  
Sangbum Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Therapy ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Overall Response

Abstract Abstract 43 Background Clofarabine is a second generation nucleoside analogue with activity in adults with AML. A recent randomized phase III study in relapsed AML showed higher response rates and better event-free survival (EFS) with the combination of clofarabine and cytarabine (CA) compared to cytarabine alone. A phase I/II trial of CIA in patients with relapsed/refractory AML had shown an overall response rate (ORR) of 38% (21% CR; 11% CRp). To explore this combination further, we conducted a phase II study of CIA in patients </= 60 years with previously untreated AML. Patients and Methods Eligible were patients >18–60 years with newly diagnosed AML and adequate renal and hepatic function. Patients were excluded for ECOG PS > 2, cardiac ejection fraction < 45%, or active and uncontrolled infection. For the first 30 patients, induction therapy consisted of Clofarabine (C) 22.5 mg/m2 iv daily (days 1–5), Idarubicin (I) 6 mg/m2 daily (days 1–3), and Cytarabine (A) 0.75 g/m2 daily (days 1–5). From patients 31 onward, induction doses were amended to C 20 mg/m2 × 5, I 10 mg/m2 × 3, and A 1 g/m2 × 5. Patients who did not achieve CR following induction could receive one re-induction course. Patients in CR/CRp/CRi continued with up to 6 consolidation cycles (C 22.5 mg/m2 × 3, I 6 mg/m2 × 2, and A 0.75 g/m2 × 3, subsequently amended to C 15 mg/m2 × 3, I 8 mg/m2 × 2, and A 0.75 g/m2 × 3). Results From April 2010 until February 2012, 59 patients were enrolled (Table 1). Fifty-seven patients were evaluable. Forty-two patients (74%) achieved CR and 3 (5%) CRp for an overall response rate of 79%. Ten patients required a re-induction {4/10 (40%) patients achieved CR, 2/10 (20%) achieved CRp). All patients received a median of 2 cycles (1–8 cycles), 24 (42 %) patients proceeded with an allogeneic stem cell transplant in first remission. With a median follow up of 10.9 months (1.6 - 23.1), the median OS was not reached, the median EFS was 13.5 months, and the median relapse free survival was not reached. Most toxicities were < grade 2. Toxicities > grade 2 included nausea (47%), rash (39 %), diarrhea (25%), elevated transaminases (23%), and elevated bilirubin (12%). Myelosuppression was ubiquitous but prolonged myelosuppression > 42 days was infrequent. Four week mortality was 2%. The response rate and toxicity were similar in both dose schedules. In subgroup analysis, patients < 40 years had better OS (HR 0.12, 95%CI, 0.02–0.90, P = 0.04) and EFS (HR 0.12, 95%CI, 0.02–0.93, P = 0.04) compared to patients > 40 years old. Compared to a historical group of patients who were treated with IA combination (I 12 mg/m2 IV daily × 3 plus A 1.5 g/m2 IV daily × 4) and after controlling for age, cytogenetics and other important clinical factors, the OS and EFS were significantly higher (P = 0.005, 0.0001, respectively) for CIA treated patients. Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, CIA retained its superior impact on OS (HR 0.53, 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.97, P =0.03) and EFS (HR 0.40, 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.73, P =0.003) compared to IA. Conclusion CIA is an active combination for patients </= 60 years with newly diagnosed AML. Patients < 40 years had significantly better OS and EFS. Compared to IA alone, CIA achieved significantly longer OS and EFS. A randomized comparison with standard induction therapy will be needed to further assess the role of CIA in frontline AML therapy of younger patients. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Clofarabine in AML. Ravandi:Genzyme: Research Funding. Kantarjian:Genzyme: Research Funding. Faderl:Genzyme: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.

A Retrospective Review of Outcomes of Patients with Chronic Myelomoncytic Leukemia Treated with 5-Azacitidine.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4931-4931
Author(s):  
Anand Dhruva ◽  
Lloyd E. Damon ◽  
Charles Linker ◽  
Thomas G. Martin ◽  
Willis H. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Transfusion Requirements ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract The chemotherapeutic agent 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) is an active agent in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Phase III data with 5-AZA for MDS of all types suggest a response rate (CR+PR) of 23% and hematologic improvement rate of 37% (Silverman, et al, 2002, JCO, 20:2429). We reviewed the outcomes of patients with the MDS subtype chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in order to better characterize outcomes for patients with this specific subtype. Methods: Retrospective analysis of outcomes in 13 patients (median age 67; range 50–82) with CMML, who were drawn from a group of 165 consecutive patients treated with 5-AZA between 1991 and 2004 at UCSF on an NCI Special Exception Program, was performed. All patients signed informed consent to participate in the Expanded Access Protocol and IRB approval at UCSF was obtained to retrospectively review this data. IPSS of patients were 2 LOW, 7 INT-1, 3 INT-2, and 1 HIGH. 11 patients had CMML-1 and 2 patients had CMML-2. Responses were determined using the MDS International Working Group (Cheson et al., 2000 Blood96:3671) criteria. Results: Three patients (23%) had CR and 6 patients (46%) had HI at 4 months. 9/13 patients had a response at 4 months for an overall response rate of 69% (95% CI 38.6% to 90.0%). Cytogenetic responses were seen in 1 out of 4 evaluable patients. The median AML free survival was 11 months. The median overall survival was 14 months. Figure Figure Conclusions: For patients with CMML, 5-AZA provides an effective treatment option with significant improvements in peripheral blood counts, marrow blasts, and transfusion requirements. The overall response rate of 69% correlates well with larger studies in MDS.

A Phase II Trial of the Oral mTOR Inhibitor Everolimus (RAD001) in Relapsed or Refractory Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 587-587
Author(s):  
Irene M Ghobrial ◽  
Morie A Gertz ◽  
Betsy LaPlant ◽  
John Camoriano ◽  
Suzanne R. Hayman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Waldenström’S Macroglobulinemia ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia ◽  
Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

Abstract Abstract 587 Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal transduction pathway controls cell proliferation and survival. Everolimus is an oral agent targeting raptor mTOR (mTORC1). The trial's goal was to determine the anti-tumor activity and safety of single-agent everolimus in patients with relapsed/refractory Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM). Patients and Methods: Eligible patients had measurable disease (IgM monoclonal protein >1000 mg/dL with >10% marrow involvement or nodal masses >2 cm), a platelet count ≥75,000 × 106/L, a neutrophil count ≥1,000 × 106/L, and a creatinine and bilirubin ≤2x laboratory upper limit of normal. Patients received everolimus 10 mg PO daily and were evaluated monthly. Tumor response was assessed after cycles 2 and 6 and then every 3 cycles until progression. Results: 50 pts were treated. The median age was 63 years (range, 43-85). The overall response rate (CR+PR+MR) was 70% (95% CI: 55-82%), with a PR of 42% and 28% MR. The median duration of response and median progression-free survival (PFS) has not been reached. The estimated PFS at 6 and 12 months is 75% (95%CI: 64-89%) and 62% (95%CI: 48-80%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher related toxicities were observed in 56% of patients. The most common were hematological toxicities with cytopenias. Pulmonary toxicity occurred in 10% of patients. Dose reductions due to toxicity occurred in 52% of patients. Conclusions: Everolimus has high single-agent activity with an overall response rate of 70% and manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed WM, and offers a potential new therapeutic strategy for this patient group. Disclosures: Ghobrial: Millennium: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Gertz:celgene: Honoraria; millenium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Richardson:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Johnson and Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Keryx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Treon:Millennium: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Witzig:Novartis: Research Funding.

A Multi-Center, Open-Label Phase II Study of Lenalidomide Plus Low-Dose Dexamethasone in Chinese Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma - the MM-021 Trial

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1864-1864
Author(s):  
Jian Hou ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
Zhen Cai ◽  
Fangping Chen ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Best Response

Abstract Abstract 1864 Background: Previous studies (i.e. ECOG E4A03) have shown that lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone (Rd) has a better safety profile compared with lenalidomide plus high-dose dexamethasone (RD) in newly diagnosed MM patients. It is hypothesized that Rd may also provide benefits in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). The MM-021 trial is the largest study in Chinese patients with RRMM aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of Rd in patients who had progressed or were refractory to previous treatment. Methods: This was a phase II, multi-center, single arm, open-label study, RRMM patients received lenalidomide (25 mg/day on days 1–21) and dexamethasone (40 mg on days 1, 8, 15 and 22) in 28-day treatment cycles until disease progression. Thromboembolic prophylaxis with aspirin or other anti-thrombotic medication was required. The primary endpoint was the best overall response rate (partial response [PR] or better) based on the investigator's assessment. Secondary endpoints included duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and PK parameters. Results: As of April 23, 2012 (median follow-up of 10.8 months), 199 patients have completed at least 1 cycle, 134 patients have completed at least 6 cycles, and 187 patients were evaluable for efficacy. Median age was 59 years (range 35–81) and 63% were male. The majority of patients (86%) had Durie-Salmon stage III disease and 57% had received ≥4 prior anti-myeloma regimens including bortezomib (64%), thalidomide (69%), or both bortezomib and thalidomide (45%). After median treatment duration of 8 months (range 1–18) or 8 cycles (range 1–19), best overall response rate (≥PR) was 54% (100 patients); including 8% (14 patients) with a best response of complete response (CR). Overall disease control (≥stable disease [SD] or better) was 95%, including 42% (78 patients) with best response of SD. Nine patients (5%) had best response of disease progression. Best overall response rates were consistent across subgroups when analyzed according to baseline renal function (creatinine clearance ≥60 mL/min: 68 patients [54%], 330 to <60 mL/min: 26 patients [52%], <30 mL/min: 6 patients [50%]) and number of prior therapies (64% if ≤2 prior regimens, 50% if >2 prior regimens). Responses were also consistent regardless of prior therapy received; 50%, 52%, and 47% for patients who previously received bortezomib, thalidomide, or both, respectively. Of the 5% (10 patients) presenting with IgD at baseline, 7 patients achieved ≥PR. Median time to first response was 2 months (range 1–12) and median duration of response was 7 months (range 0–16). The median PFS was 8 months (95% CI: 6–9) and the OS rate was 86% at 6 months and 73% at 1 year. Among the 199 patients evaluable for safety, the most common grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were anemia (25%), neutropenia (24%), thrombocytopenia (15%), and pneumonia (13%). Only 1 patient experienced febrile neutropenia. AEs led to dose reduction/interruption of lenalidomide in 40% of patients, 41% for dexamethasone; and 6.5% discontinued treatment due to one or more AEs. No patient discontinued due to anemia or neutropenia. Sixty-one patients (31%) died on study and the most common cause of death was disease progression (15 patients, 8%). Conclusions: Based on a median follow-up of nearly 11 months, the Rd regimen achieved a substantial best overall response rate (54%) in heavily pretreated RRMM Chinese patients. Response rates were consistent across subgroups including patients with renal impairment. The combination of Rd regimen was generally well tolerated. Disclosures: Hou: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Xian: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Jensen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Mei:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Zhang:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Wortman-Vayn:Celgene Corporation: Employment.

Pomalidomide, Cyclophosphamide, and Dexamethasone Is Superior to Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed and Refractory Myeloma: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 303-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Baz ◽  
Thomas G. Martin ◽  
Melissa Alsina ◽  
Kenneth H. Shain ◽  
Hearn J. Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Advisory Committees ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Randomized Phase Ii ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background: Pomalidomide-dexamethasone results in an overall response rate of 33% and median PFS of 4.2 months in patients with prior lenalidomide and bortezomib (Richardson et al. Blood 2014). In this randomized phase II trial, we compared pomalidomide-dexamethasone (arm B) versus the addition of oral weekly cyclophosphamide to pomalidomide-dexamethasone (arm C) in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (MM). We have previously reported that the recommended phase II dose of cyclophosphamide with standard-dose pomalidomide + dexamethasone was 400 mg PO D1, 8, 15. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients had relapsed and refractory MM after at least 2 prior therapies and were lenalidomide refractory. Patients had a platelet count ≥ 50,000/mm3 and ANC ≥ 1,000/mm3 (patients with ≥50% bone marrow plasmacytosis were allowed if platelet count was ≥ 30,000/mm3and ANC could be supported with GCSF during screening and therapy). Patients were randomized (1:1) to receive pomalidomide 4 mg PO D1-21 and dexamethasone 40 mg PO D1, 8, 15, 22 (20 mg if older than 75 years) (arm B) with or without oral cyclophosphamide 400 mg PO D1, 8, 15 of a 28-day cycle (arm C). Patients randomized to arm B were allowed to cross over to arm C in the event of disease progression. Thromboprophylaxis was mandated with aspirin, warfarin, or LMWH. The primary endpoint was overall response rate using IMWG criteria. Secondary endpoints included an evaluation of PFS, OS and safety of the two arms. Results: Between 7/2012 and 3/2014, 36 patients were randomized to arm B and 34 to arm C. Patients characteristics were not different between the 2 arms (table below). The median number of prior therapies was 4 (2-12). All patients were lenalidomide refractory and none received prior pomalidomide. After a median follow up of 15 months, the overall response rate (partial response or better) was 39% and 65% (p=0.03) for arm B and C, respectively. The clinical benefit rate (minimal response or better) was 64% and 79% (p=0.2) for arm B and C, respectively. The median PFS was 4.4 months (95% CI 2.3-5.9) for arm B and 9.2 months (95% CI 4.6-16) for arm C (log rank p=0.04). As of July 2014, 28 patients had died (16 arm B, 12 arm C) with median overall survival of 10.5 versus 16.4 months (p=0.08) for arm B and C, respectively. Hematologic grade 3/4 adverse events were more frequent in arm C, although this was not statistically significant (see table). Thirteen patients crossed over and oral weekly cyclophosphamide was added to their tolerated dose of pomalidomide dexamethasone. For those patients, the best response was as follows: 2 PR, 2 MR, and 6 SD, 3 PD. Conclusions: Pomalidomide-dexamethasone in combination with oral weekly cyclophosphamide resulted in a superior response rate and PFS compared to pomalidomide-dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed and refractory MM. The increased hematologic toxicities, as a result of the addition of oral cyclophosphamide, were manageable. Table Arm B (N=36) Arm C (N=34) P value Age, years, median (range) 63 (50-78) 64 (47-80) 0.7 Male, n (%) 23 (64) 18 (53) 0.3 Number of prior therapies, median (range) 4 (2-12) 4 (2-9) 0.5 Bortezomib refractory, n (%) 28 (78) 24 (71) 0.3 Carfilzomib refractory, n (%) 16 (44) 13 (38) 0.5 Prior high-dose therapy, n (%) 27 (75) 28 (82) 0.6 Prior alkylating agent, n (%) 32 (89) 32 (94) 1 B2-microglobulin, median (range) 3.2 (1.6-10) 3.6 (1.5-13.9) 0.5 Serum creatinine, median (range) 1 (0.5-2.3) 0.9 (0.6-2.1) 0.6 High-risk cytogenetics, n (%) 5 (24) 6 (28) 0.8 Deletion 17p, n (%) 3 (14) 4 (20) 0.8 t(4;14), n (%) 3 (14) 3 (14) 0.9 Trisomy or tetrasomy 1q, n (%) 11 (55) 6 (33) 0.4 Best response (partial response or better), n (%) 14 (39) 22 (65) 0.03 Clinical benefit rate (MR or better), n (%) 23 (64) 27 (79) 0.2 Grade 3/4 neutropenia, n (%) 12 (33) 17 (50) 0.2 Grade 3/4 febrile neutropenia, n (%) 4 (11) 6 (18) 0.5 Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia, n (%) 2 (5) 5 (15) 0.2 Grade 3/4 anemia, n (%) 3 (8) 7 (20) 0.2 Grade 3/4 pneumonia, n (%) 4 (11) 3 (9) 1 Grade 3/4 fatigue, n (%) 2 (5) 4 (12) 0.4 Number of serious adverse events 17 20 Disclosures Baz: Celgene: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Karypharm: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Pomalidomide cyclophosphamide dexamethasone in relapsed refractory myeloma. Martin:Sanofi: Research Funding; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Alsina:Triphase: Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding. Shain:Onyx / Amgen: Research Funding; Treshold: Research Funding. Chari:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Array Biopharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Jagannath:Celgene: Honoraria; Millennium: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria.

5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Goldberg ◽  
F P Smith ◽  
W Ueno ◽  
J D Ahlgren ◽  
P S Schein
Keyword(s):  
Median Survival ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Phase Ii Trial ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Complete Tumor

The combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM) is often recommended for empiric management of patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. This recommendation is based on the activity of FAM for adenocarcinomas of specific known sites of origin. A literature search disclosed no reports of the efficacy of FAM in this clinical entity. We report on 45 patients with biopsy-proven adenocarcinoma in whom investigation revealed no primary site and who were treated in a phase II trial with FAM. Of 43 evaluable patients, four achieved a complete tumor response, and nine obtained a partial response for an overall response rate of 30%. The median survival for all patients was greater than 10 months. The median survival for patients whose tumors were unresponsive to FAM was 6 months, and median survival was greater than or equal to 14 months in patients with stable disease or FAM-responsive tumors. A phase III trial comparing no therapy or 5-FU with FAM is warranted. For patients not treated in an investigative setting, FAM compares favorably with reported series using other regimens.

An Open-Label Phase II Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab Plus Chlorambucil in Previously Untreated Patients with CD20-Positive B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL).

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3428-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hillmen ◽  
John G. Gribben ◽  
George A Follows ◽  
Donald W. Milligan ◽  
Hazem A. Sayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Overall Response ◽  
Binet Stage ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Abstract 3428 Poster Board III-316 Introduction Despite the increasing use of fludarabine (F) plus cyclophosphamide (C), and recently rituximab (R)-FC combinations in CLL, chlorambucil (Chl) remains a first-line treatment option, particularly for elderly patients and those with co-morbidities with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, rates of complete response (CR) are relatively low (up to 7%) as are overall responses (approximately 65%) with Chl. In this study we assessed the feasibility of adding R to Chl in order to improve outcomes. Methods Previously untreated patients with CLL who required therapy according to IWCLL criteria received R (day 1; 375 mg/m2 i.v. cycle 1, 500 mg/m2 cycles 2–6) plus Chl (days 1-7; 10mg/m2/day p.o.) repeated every 28 days for 6 cycles. A further 6 cycles of Chl alone was permitted in patients with continuing clinical response at 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was the adverse event (AE) profile. Secondary endpoints included response rates, progression-free and overall survival and assessment of minimal residual disease. Efficacy results from this study were compared with historical data from patients in the UK LRF CLL4 study who received Chl at the same dose but as monotherapy between 1999 and 2004. Each of the 50 patients in the Chl-R trial were matched to 3 patients from the CLL4 trial by Binet Stage (B or C), VH Mutation (mutated or unmutated), 11q FISH (deleted or not) and age. Results This is a planned interim analysis (IA) based on the first 50 patients out of the total 100 patients from 12 centres. Of these 47 patients were evaluable (2 missing bone marrow at time of IA; 1 protocol violation received only 1 cycle). The median age of patients was 70.5 years (range 48–86), 62% were male and 52% had Binet stage C CLL. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal disorders. There were 25 serious AEs (SAEs) reported in 17 patients. The most common SAEs were infections (10 SAEs, in 6 patients). Additionally there were 3 SAEs (in 3 patients) of febrile neutropenia – grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 40% of patients. Overall response rate on an intent-to-treat analysis was 84%. When compared with the well matched subset of Chl patients from the UK LRF CLL4 study, the overall response rate was 17.3% higher (95% CI 4.7% - 30.0%), indicating that the Chl-R patients have improved responses. Conclusions Based on this planned interim analysis, the addition of R to Chl is a feasible combination with no unexpected AEs. The combination of R and Chl was effective for untreated patients with CLL. It is important to note that the median age of patients in this study was considerably greater than the median age of patients in the UK LRF CLL4 and other large trials in CLL, and more representative of the typical age of patients presenting with CLL in the clinic. The combination of R and Chl was well-tolerated and effective for untreated patients with CLL who cannot tolerate a more intensive regimen, and suggest investigation in a Phase III study is warranted. Disclosures Hillmen: Alexion Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer Schering: Consultancy. Hayward:F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Former Employee.

Efficacy of Azacitidine In the Treatment of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4017-4017
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Teichman ◽  
Gene A. Wetzstein ◽  
Viet Q. Ho ◽  
Jeffrey E. Lancet ◽  
Alan F. List ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 4017 Background: Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a heterogeneous disease sharing features of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). FDA approved indications for azacitidine and decitabine include CMML as subset of MDS. Fewer than 10 patients with CMML, however, were treated in each of the original studies. In this study we report our institutional experience of azacitidine treatment of CMML patients. Methods: This was a retrospective review of CMML patients who received azacitidine at Moffitt Cancer Center. The primary endpoint was determining response rate to azacitidine utilizing International Working Group 2006 criteria (IWG 2006). Secondary objectives were to assess treatment tolerance and overall survival. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics and response rates. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used for evaluation of overall survival. Results: Between July 2004 and December 2009, 35 CMML patients treated with azacitidine were identified. Table-1 summarizes baseline characteristics of those patients. Based on Dusseldorf CMML risk criteria one patient (2.9%) was low risk, 17 (48.7%), intermediate, 7 (20%) high risk and 10 (28.6%) were unknown. According to MD Anderson CMML risk model, 11 (31.4%) were low risk, 12 (34.3%) int-1, 2 (5.7%) int-2, 1 (2.9%) high risk and 9(25.7%) unknown. The median number of azacitidine cycles was 6.0 (1-34) The best response rates by IWG 2006 criteria were complete response (CR) 5 (14.3%), marrow CR 4 (11.4%), partial response (PR) 1 (2.9%), and hematological improvement (HI) 7 (20%). The overall response rate was 48.6%. The median OS was 25 month (95%CI 13.8–36.1 mo). Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, response to azacitidine in CMML was similar to response rates reported in other MDS patients on azacitidine studies. The median overall survival is comparable to AZA-001 randomized clinical study. Disclosures: Lancet: Celgene: Research Funding. List:Celgene: Research Funding. Komrokji:Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Mobilization and Elimination of FLT3-ITD+ Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Stem/Progenitor Cells by Plerixafor/G-CSF/Sorafenib: Results From a Phase I Trial in Relapsed/Refractory AML Patients

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 142-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Andreeff ◽  
Zhihong Zeng ◽  
Mary A Kelly ◽  
Rui-yu Wang ◽  
Teresa McQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Overall Response

Abstract Abstract 142 FLT3-ITD AML are associated with poor prognosis. Our group identified Sorafenib (S) as potent inhibitor of FLT3-ITD (Zhang W, JNCI, 2008; Borthakur G., Haematologica, 2010). FLT3-ITD is also associated with overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Utilizing preclinical in vitro and in vivo models we determined increased activity of S when combined with CXCR4 inhibitor Plerixafor (P) and G-CSF (G) (Zeng Z et.al. Blood 2009). Here we report clinical and translational data testing this concept in patients with R/R FLT3-ITD AML. Clinical trial: G (10 ug/kg) and P(240 ug/kg) were given s.c. QOD on days 1 – 13, S (400–600mg) on d 1 – 28(one cycle). G/P was held when blasts exceeded 5×104/uL. Cell populations expressing CD34, 38, 123, CXCR4 (1D9, 12G5), VLA4, CD44 and phospho-proteins were assessed at baseline and at multiple time points during treatment by flow cytometry of up to 10 parameters and by flow cytometric mass spec using CyTOF. Results: 13 patients have been treated so far; responses are as follows: 1 CR, 3 CRp, 6 PR and 4 failed (NR), for an overall response rate of 10/13 (77%); One patients achieved 2 CRp. Six/13 patients, including 3/6 responders and 3/4 NR were previously treated with and considered refractory to FLT3 inhibitors. Four patients had additional D835 mutations: 2 failed and 2 achieved PRs, none of the CR/p patients carried this mutation. Side effects included hyperleukocytosis in 3/10 pts.(who missed 1 to 5 doses of G/P), skin rash (5 pts.), hand foot syndrome (3 pts.) hypertension (7 patients), diarrhea (10 pts.), nausea (8 pts.), headache (6 pts.), muscle weakness (3 pts.) and anorexia (5 pts.). Analysis of cells mobilized in 22 treatment cycles revealed massive mobilization: a 29-fold increase in WBC, 41-fold in absolute blasts and 77-fold in granulocytes. Increases in the numbers of circulating stem/progenitor cells: CD34+: 231-fold, CD34+/38-: 90-, CD34+/38-/123+(LSC): 148-, CXCR4+: 139-, VLA-4+: 68- and CD44+: 82-fold. Increase in circulating LSC was positively correlated with baseline blasts and VLA4 levels, but not with baseline CXCR4. Serial FISH analyses confirmed the preferential mobilization of leukemic vs. non-leukemic cells and 10-color flow cytometry demonstrated altered levels of pERK and pAKT but not of pSTAT3 in mobilized cells. Surprisingly, CXCR4 levels in mobilized cells were increased. CyTOF analysis of up to 29 parameters documented mobilization of primitive LSC. Conclusions: The combination of G-CSF+Plerixafor appears superior in increasing the number of circulating leukemic blasts and stem/progenitor cells in FLT3-ITD AML, as compared to Plerixafor alone in R/R AML(blast increase 2.1-fold; Uy et al. Blood, 2012). Treatment resulted in 4/13 CR and CRp and 6/13 PRs, for an overall response rate of 77%. Mobilized stem/progenitor cells displayed altered MAPK/AKT signaling and increased CXCR4 expression. This is the first clinical study of G-CSF/Plerixafor for the “mobilization” of AML cells, aimed at removing them from their protective bone marrow microenvironment and the initial results are providing proof-of–concept and encouraging clinical responses. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Clofarabine in AML. Burger:Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Kantarjian:Genzyme: Research Funding.

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