Long-term effects of severe acute malnutrition on lung function in children

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Lelijveld ◽  
Jane Kirky ◽  
Marko Kerac ◽  
Janet Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-term effects of severe acute malnutrition during childhood on adult cognitive, academic and behavioural development in African fragile countries: The Lwiro cohort study in Democratic Republic of the Congo

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244486
Author(s):  
Pacifique Mwene-Batu ◽  
Ghislain Bisimwa ◽  
Marius Baguma ◽  
Joelle Chabwine ◽  
Achille Bapolisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Community Controls

Introduction Little is known about the outcomes of subjects with a history of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). We therefore sought to explore the long-term effects of SAM during childhood on human capital in adulthood in terms of education, cognition, self-esteem and health-related disabilities in daily living. Methodology We traced 524 adults (median age of 22) in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, who were treated for SAM during childhood at Lwiro hospital between 1988 and 2007 (median age 41 months). We compared them with 407 community controls of comparable age and sex. Our outcomes of interest were education, cognitive function [assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for literate participants, or its modified version created by Ertan et al. (MMSE-I) for uneducated participants], self-esteem (measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and health-related social and functional disabilities measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS). For comparison, we used the Chi-squared test along with the Student’s t-test for the proportions and means respectively. Results Compared with the community controls, malnutrition survivors had a lower probability of attaining a high level of education (p < 0.001), of reporting a high academic performance (p = 0.014) or of having high self-esteem (p = 0.003). In addition, malnutrition survivors had an overall mean score in the cognitive test that was lower compared with the community controls [25.6 compared with 27.8, p = 0.001 (MMSE) and 22.8 compared with 26.3, p < 0.001(MMSE-I)] and a lower proportion of subjects with a normal result in this test (78.0% compared with 90.1%, p < 0.001). Lastly, in terms of health-related disabilities, unlike the community controls, malnutrition survivors had less social disability (p = 0.034), but no difference was observed as regards activities of daily living (p = 0.322). Conclusion SAM during childhood exposes survivors to low human capital as regards education, cognition and behaviour in adulthood. Policy-deciders seeking to promote economic growth and to address various psychological and medico-social disorders must take into consideration the fact that appropriate investment in child health as regards SAM is an essential means to achieve this.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of diving on pulmonary function

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (143) ◽  
pp. 160097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Tetzlaff ◽  
Paul S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Small Airways ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
The Impact

The diving environment provides a challenge to the lung, including exposure to high ambient pressure, altered gas characteristics and cardiovascular effects on the pulmonary circulation. Several factors associated with diving affect pulmonary function acutely and can potentially cause prolonged effects that may accumulate gradually with repeated diving exposure. Evidence from experimental deep dives and longitudinal studies suggests long-term adverse effects of diving on the lungs in commercial deep divers, such as the development of small airways disease and accelerated loss of lung function. In addition, there is an accumulating body of evidence that diving with self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) may not be associated with deleterious effects on pulmonary function. Although changes in pulmonary function after single scuba dives have been found to be associated with immersion, ambient cold temperatures and decompression stress, changes in lung function were small and suggest a low likelihood of clinical significance. Recent evidence points to no accelerated loss of lung function in military or recreational scuba divers over time. Thus, the impact of diving on pulmonary function largely depends on factors associated with the individual diving exposure. However, in susceptible subjects clinically relevant worsening of lung function may occur even after single shallow-water scuba dives.

Long-Term Effects of Treatment with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Lung Function in Patients with Overlap Syndrome

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier de Miguel ◽  
Jorge Cabello ◽  
José M. F. Sánchez-Alarcos ◽  
Rudolfo álvarez-Sala ◽  
Domingo Espinós ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Overlap Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long-term outcomes for children with disability and severe acute malnutrition in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e002613
Author(s):  
Natasha Lelijveld ◽  
Nora Groce ◽  
Seema Patel ◽  
Theresa Nnensa ◽  
Emmanuel Chimwezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Outcomes For Children

IntroductionSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) and disability are major global health issues. Although they can cause and influence each other, data on their co-existence are sparse. We aimed to describe the prevalence and patterns of disability among a cohort of children with SAM.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study in Malawi followed SAM survivors up to 7 years postdischarge. Clinical and anthropometric profiles were compared with sibling and community controls. Disability at original admission was identified clinically; at 7-year follow-up a standardised screening tool called ‘the Washington Group Questionnaire’ was used.Results60/938 (6.4%) of admissions to SAM treatment had clinically obvious disability at admission. Post-treatment mortality was high, with only 11/60 (18%) surviving till 7-year follow-up. SAM children with a disability at admission had 6.99 (95% CI 3.49 to 14.02; p<0.001) greater risk of dying compared with children without disability. They were also older, less likely to be HIV positive or have oedema and more severely malnourished. Long-term survivors were more stunted, had less catch-up growth, smaller head circumference, weaker hand grip strength and poorer school achievement than non-disabled survivors.The Washington Group Questionnaire confirmed disability in all who had been identified clinically, and identified many who had not been previously flagged.ConclusionDisability is common among children affected by SAM. Those with disability-associated SAM have greatly increased risk of dying even if they survive the initial episode of malnutrition. Survivors have poorer growth, physical strength and school achievement. To enable all children to survive and thrive post-SAM, it is vital to focus more on those with disabilities. SAM treatment programmes should consider using not just clinical assessment but structured assessments to better identify at-risk individuals as well as understand the population of children for which they are developing services.

Long-term effects of immunosuppressive therapy on lung function in scleroderma patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3043-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Pavlov-Dolijanovic ◽  
Nada Vujasinovic Stupar ◽  
Vladimir Zugic ◽  
Predrag Ostojic ◽  
Ana Zekovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals The effects of fine and coarse particulate matter on lung function among the elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsien Chen ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Hung-Che Chiang ◽  
Dachen Chu ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

Abstract Impaired lung function is associated with morbidity and mortality in the elderly. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the long-term effects of particulate matter (PM) on lung function among the elderly. This study evaluated the exposure-response relationship between ambient PM and different lung function indices among the elderly in Taiwan. A cross-sectional survey of individuals aged ≥65 years was conducted in Taiwan from October 2015 to September 2016. Those who attended the annual health examination for the elderly in five hospitals of varying background PM concentrations were enrolled. The long-term (2015 annual mean concentration) exposure to air pollution was estimated by the Kriging method at the residence of each subject. The association between ambient PM exposure and lung function was evaluated by linear regression modeling, with adjustments for age, sex, height, weight, educational attainment, presence of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking status, season, and co-pollutants. There were 1241 subjects (mean age, 70.5 years). The mean residential PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 in 2015 was 26.02 and 18.01 μg/m3, respectively. After adjustments for confounders and co-pollutants, the FVC decrease was best associated with fine particles (PM2.5), whereas the FEV1, FEF25–75%, FEF25% and FEF50% decreases were best associated with coarse particles (PM2.5–10). An IQR (10 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 decreased FVC by 106.38 ml (4.47%), while an IQR (7.29 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5–10 decreased FEV1 and FEF25–75% by 91.23 ml (4.85%) and 104.44 ml/s (5.58%), respectively. Among the Taiwanese elderly, long-term PM2.5 exposure mainly decreases the vital capacity of lung function. Moreover, PM2.5–10 has a stronger negative effect on the function of conductive airways than PM2.5.

The Effects and Benefits of Singing Individually and in a Group

2018 ◽  
pp. 918-934
Author(s):  
Töres Theorell
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Regenerative Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Regular Practice

This chapter is devoted to the biology of singing. Immediate effects have been extensively scientifically studied. Breathing and its synchronization with heart rate variability has been an important theme. Endocrine (endorphins, oxytocin, cortisol, testosterone) and immunological (TNF alpha, fibrinogen, immunoglobulines) reactions have also been studied during singing. In collective singing, cohesiveness is a major factor. Singing in a group during a choir rehearsal has stronger stimulation effects on oxytocin secretion than chatting in the same group. High levels of oxtytocin coincide with strong feelings of cohesiveness. In addition, oxytocin dampens anxiety and pain. Long-term effects of singing training and regular practice have been less extensively studied but there is evidence that singing training may influence such things as the brain´s development, the ability to synchronize heart and lung function, and the level of regenerative activity in the body.

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