In vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests in allergic disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
Gunilla Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic ◽  
Allergic Disorders

scholarly journals The influence of sugar–protein complexes on the thermostability of C-reactive protein (CRP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Lorena Mateescu ◽  
Nicolae-Bogdan Mincu ◽  
Silvana Vasilca ◽  
Roxana Apetrei ◽  
Diana Stan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Time Resolved Fluorescence ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Controls

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate de influence of protein–sugar complexation on the stability and functionality of C-reactive protein, after exposure to constant high temperatures, in order to develop highly stable positive controls for in-vitro diagnostic tests. C-reactive protein is a plasmatic protein used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of a series of health problems such as ulcerative colitis, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, due to its essential role in the evolution of chronic inflammation. The sugar–protein interaction was investigated using steady state and time resolved fluorescence. The results revealed that there are more than two classes of tryptophan, with different degree of accessibility for the quencher molecule. Our study also revealed that sugar–protein complexes have superior thermostability, especially after gamma irradiation at 2 kGy, the protein being stable and functional even after 22 days exposure to 40 °C.

scholarly journals The Clinical Review Committee: Impact of the Development of In Vitro Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Within RADx Tech

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Matthew Robinson ◽  
Charlotte Gaydos ◽  
Barbara Van Der Pol ◽  
Sally McFall ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

scholarly journals Isolation and Purification of Lipoarabinomannan from Urine of Adults with Active Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Cantera ◽  
Andrew A. Rashid ◽  
Lorraine L. Lillis ◽  
Roger B. Peck ◽  
Paul K. Drain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Cell Wall Component ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Urine Specimens

AbstractLipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a cell wall component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is excreted in the urine of persons with active tuberculosis (TB). Limited diagnostic sensitivity of LAM immunoassays has been due to selecting antibodies against LAM derived from in vitro cultured M. tuberculosis, rather than LAM purified from in vivo clinical urine specimens. Urinary LAM (uLAM) is critical to enable the development of and/or screening of novel uLAM-specific antibodies but is typically dilute and in heterogeneous mixtures with other urine components. We used physical, enzymatic, and chemical processes for the scaled isolation and purification of uLAM. The purified material may then be used to develop more sensitive uLAM diagnostic tests for active TB disease.

Japanese healthcare system: in vitro diagnostic tests and reimbursements

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1663-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shimauchi
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

Abstract In 1961, a new and mandatory National Health Insurance plan was enacted in Japan. This healthcare system has succeeded in providing universal coverage while also containing the growth of national medical expenditures (NME) to the rate of growth of the gross national product (GNP), namely, approximately 4-5% annually, for several decades. All Japanese medical procedures, including dental procedures, prescription drugs, and diagnostic tests, are reimbursed by a fee schedule set by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The combination of strict fee control and low administration costs has kept the Japanese NME growth below that of the GNP. In 1990, NME was 20.6 trillion yen ($187 billion), total diagnostic testing expenditures (DTE) were 2.3 trillion yen, representing 11.2% of national medical expenditures (NME). Of this amount, in vitro diagnostic testing accounted for 1.4 trillion yen, representing 61% of DTE and 6.8% of NME. Annually, 1.8 billion in vitro diagnostic tests are performed.

COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing: Lessons Learned for Innovative Product Development During A Public Health Emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

In response to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used its emergency authority through Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) to make COVID-19 in vitro diagnostic tests widely available to both diagnose active infection and help identify individuals with an adaptive immune response indicating recent or prior infection. Hundreds of innovative tests were quickly developed under Section IV.D. of FDA’s Policy for Diagnostic Tests for Coronavirus Disease-2019. National reimbursement guidance through Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) provided significant financial incentives to track the endemic and enable healthcare workers and others get back to work more quickly. The US market for tests grew rapidly and the now exceeds $15 billion. However, many issues regarding product quality and availability have plagued the industry and called into question FDA’s policy and regulatory framework for allowing these tests to be commercially available. This paper analyzes the development of COVID-19 in vitro assays and the lessons learned for innovation during a public health crisis.

Induction of ferroptosis-like cell death of eosinophils exerts synergistic effects with glucocorticoids in allergic airway inflammation

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 918-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Wu ◽  
Haixia Chen ◽  
Nanxia Xuan ◽  
Lingren Zhou ◽  
Yinfang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Allergic Disorders

IntroductionEosinophils are critical in allergic disorders, and promoting eosinophil death effectively attenuates allergic airway inflammation. Ferroptosis is a recently described novel form of cell death; however, little is known about ferroptosis in eosinophils and related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ferroptosis-inducing agents (FINs) on eosinophil death and allergic airway inflammation, and to explore their potential synergistic effect with glucocorticoids (GCs).MethodsEosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of humans or mice were incubated with FINs, and eosinophil ferroptosis was assessed. The in vivo effects of FINs alone or in combination with dexamethasone (DXMS) were examined in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were collected to examine airway inflammation.ResultsTreatment with FINs time and dose dependency induced cell death in human and mouse eosinophils. Interestingly, FINs induced non-canonical ferroptosis in eosinophils, which generated morphological characteristics unique to ferroptosis and was iron dependent but was independent of lipid peroxidation. The antioxidants glutathione and N-acetylcysteine significantly attenuated FIN-induced cell death. Treatment with FINs triggered eosinophil death in vivo and eventually relieved eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice. Furthermore, FINs exerted a synergistic effect with DXMS to induce eosinophil death in vitro and to alleviate allergic airway inflammation in vivo.ConclusionsFINs induced ferroptosis-like cell death of eosinophils, suggesting their use as a promising therapeutic strategy for eosinophilic airway inflammation, especially due to the advantage of their synergy with GCs in the treatment of allergic disorders.

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