scholarly journals Molecular analysis of photic inhibition of blood-feeding in Anopheles gambiae

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchismita Das ◽  
George Dimopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Blood Feeding

Beyond Nature and Nurture: Phenotypic Plasticity in Blood-Feeding Behavior of Anopheles gambiae s.s. When Humans Are Not Readily Accessible

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Lefèvre ◽  
Frédéric Thomas ◽  
François Renaud ◽  
Eric Elguero ◽  
Didier Fontenille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae S.S ◽  
Nature And Nurture

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of multiple cytochrome P450 genes from the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ranson ◽  
D. Nikou ◽  
M. Hutchinson ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
C. W. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Genes

scholarly journals 20-Hydroxyecdysone Primes Innate Immune Responses That Limit Bacterial and Malarial Parasite Survival in Anopheles gambiae

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Reynolds ◽  
Hyeogsun Kwon ◽  
Ryan C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innate Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT Blood feeding is an integral behavior of mosquitoes to acquire nutritional resources needed for reproduction. This requirement also enables mosquitoes to serve as efficient vectors to acquire and potentially transmit a multitude of mosquito-borne diseases, most notably malaria. Recent studies suggest that mosquito immunity is stimulated following a blood meal, independent of infection status. Since blood feeding promotes production of the hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), we hypothesized that 20E plays an important role in priming the immune response for pathogen challenge. Here, we examine the immunological effects of priming Anopheles gambiae with 20E prior to pathogen infection, demonstrating a significant reduction in bacteria and Plasmodium berghei survival in the mosquito host. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis following 20E treatment identifies several known 20E-regulated genes, as well as several immune genes with previously reported function in antipathogen defense. Together, these data demonstrate that 20E influences cellular immune function and antipathogen immunity following mosquito blood feeding, arguing the importance of hormones in the regulation of mosquito innate immune function. IMPORTANCE Blood feeding is required to provide nutrients for mosquito egg production and serves as a mechanism to acquire and transmit pathogens. Shortly after a blood meal is taken, there is a peak in the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a mosquito hormone that initiates physiological changes, including yolk protein production and mating refractoriness. Here, we examine additional roles of 20E in the regulation of mosquito immunity, demonstrating that priming the immune system with 20E increases mosquito resistance to pathogens. We identify differentially expressed genes in response to 20E treatment, including several involved in innate immune function as well as lipid metabolism and transport. Together, these data argue that 20E stimulates mosquito cellular immune function and innate immunity shortly after blood feeding.

scholarly journals The 20-hydroxyecdysone agonist, halofenozide, promotes anti-Plasmodium immunity in Anopheles gambiae via the ecdysone receptor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah A. Reynolds ◽  
Hyeogsun Kwon ◽  
Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva ◽  
Janet Olivas ◽  
Joel Vega-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
Cellular Immune

AbstractMosquito physiology and immunity are integral determinants of malaria vector competence. This includes the principal role of hormonal signaling in Anopheles gambiae initiated shortly after blood-feeding, which stimulates immune induction and promotes vitellogenesis through the function of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Previous studies demonstrated that manipulating 20E signaling through the direct injection of 20E or the application of a 20E agonist can significantly impact Plasmodium infection outcomes, reducing oocyst numbers and the potential for malaria transmission. In support of these findings, we demonstrate that a 20E agonist, halofenozide, is able to induce anti-Plasmodium immune responses that limit Plasmodium ookinetes. We demonstrate that halofenozide requires the function of ultraspiracle (USP), a component of the canonical heterodimeric ecdysone receptor, to induce malaria parasite killing responses. Additional experiments suggest that the effects of halofenozide treatment are temporal, such that its application only limits malaria parasites when applied prior to infection. Unlike 20E, halofenozide does not influence cellular immune function or AMP production. Together, our results further demonstrate the potential of targeting 20E signaling pathways to reduce malaria parasite infection in the mosquito vector and provide new insight into the mechanisms of halofenozide-mediated immune activation that differ from 20E.

Studies on Anopheles gambiae and A. melas in and around Lagos

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Muirhead Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Sporozoite Rate ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Improved Design

The differences between the eggs of A. gambiae and A. melas form an absolutely reliable diagnostic character for distinguishing the two species in the Lagos area.Identification of eggs laid by wild-caught females has formed the basis of work on the seasonal incidence of gambiae and melas adults in houses in different localities in and around Lagos.In the area as a whole both melas and gambiae are abundant in most localities, but the greater part of Lagos town on Lagos Island is an almost pure gambiae area.The sporozoite rate of gambiae—10·0 per cent.—is consistently much higher than that of melas—3·5 per cent.—in all catching stations. Fluctuations in sporozoite rate in relation to population density have been studied in both species.The composition of the mosquito population in houses, and in outside resting places has been studied in relation to the movements of mosquitos into and out of houses. Melas makes use of outside resting places to about ten times the extent of gambiae.In African village houses about 90 per cent. of the blood feeding by these two species takes place after midnight, the peak of activity being the hour or two before dawn.An improved design of experimental hut and window trap is described. It has been used in studying the exodus of mosquitos from houses after feeding, and on experiments on host selection by Anopheles.Swarms of male “gambiae” in nature have been described. In captivity both melas and gambiae have been persuaded to mate by using artificial light.By cross fertilisation between melas and gambiae a generation of healthy hybrid adults can be obtained. Of these the females are evidently normal sexually, while most if not all of the males are sterile.The breeding places of melas and gambiae in and around Lagos have been studied in relation to control. In this lagoon area, where conditions are very different from those of Freetown Estuary, melas breeds under a variety of conditions, and Avicennia mangrove is only of limited value in indicating major breeding grounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document