A pandemic is a disease that spreads across countries or continents. It affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic. Examples are Influenza A, HIV-1, Ebola, SARS, pneumonic plague. Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is one of the major health emergencies in decades that has affected almost every country in the world. As of 23 October 2020, it has caused an outbreak with more than 40 million confirmed cases, and more than 1 million reported deaths globally. Also, as of 23 October 2020, the reproduction number (R) and growth rate of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK range is 1.2-1.4. Due to the unavailability of an effective treatment (or vaccine) and insufficient evidence regarding the transmission mechanism of the epidemic, the world population is currently in a vulnerable position. This chapter explores data analytics epidemic modelling and human dynamics approaches for pandemic outbreaks.
An economic evaluation of using raltegravir in treatment-experienced HIV-1 infected patients in the UK