scholarly journals Ecological genomics of Chinese wheat improvement: implications in breeding for adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Jiahui Guo ◽  
Weiping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Ecological Genomics ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Kasp Markers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background China has diverse wheat varieties that adapt to very different environments divided into ten agro-ecological zones. A better understanding of genomic differences and patterns of selection among agro-ecological zones could provide useful information in selection of specific adaptive traits in breeding. Results We genotyped 438 wheat accessions from ten zones with kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers specific to 47 cloned genes for grain yield, quality, adaptation and stress resistance. Phylogenetic trees and principle component analysis revealed clear differences in winter and spring growth habits. Nucleotide diversity (π) and π ratio (πCL/πMCC) suggested that genetic diversity had increased during breeding, and that Chinese landraces (CL) from Zones I-V contributed little to modern Chinese cultivars (MCC). π ratio and Fst identified 24 KASP markers with 53 strong selection signals specific to Zones I (9 signals), II (12), III (5), IV (5), V (6), and VI (6). Genes with clear genetic differentiation and strong response to selection in at least three zones were leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 (I, II, III and IV), photoperiod sensitivity gene Ppd-D1 (I, II, III, IV and V), vernalization gene Vrn-B1 (V, VII, VIII and X), quality-related gene Glu-B1 (I, II and III) and yield-related genes Sus1-7B (I, II, III, IV and IX), Sus2-2A (I, II, III., IV and VI) and GW2-6B (II, V and VI). Conclusions This study examined selection of multiple genes in each zone, traced the distribution of important genetic variations and provided useful information for ecological genomics and enlightening future breeding goals for different agro-ecological zones.

scholarly journals Typology, management and smallholder farmer-preferred traits for selection of indigenous goats (Capra hisrcus) in three agro-ecological zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Patrick Baenyi Simon ◽  
Junga Owino Joseph ◽  
Joel Winyo Ochieng ◽  
Christian Keambou Tiambo ◽  
Getinet Mekuriaw Tarekegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Smallholder Farmer ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Characterization of an incomplete leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 1RS and development of KASP markers for Lr47 in wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
Genqiao Li ◽  
Guihua Bai ◽  
Amy Bernardo ◽  
Brett F Carver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Kasp Markers

Leaf rust, caused by Puccininia triticina (Pt), is one of the most common wheat diseases in the Great Plains of the USA. A population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from CI 17884 x Bainong 418 was evaluated for responses to leaf rust race Pt52-2 and genotyped using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified a minor gene for resistance to leaf rust, designated QLr.stars-1RS, on the 1BL.1RS translocation segment in Bainong 418, and another leaf rust resistance gene, Lr47, on chromosome 7A of CI 17884. Lr47, originally identified in CI 17884 and located in a wheat-T. speltoides translocation segment 7S#1S, remains one of only a few race-specific resistance genes still effective in the Great Plains. A set of 7A-specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed and used to genotype CI 17884 and a pair of near-isogenic lines differing in the presence or absence of 7S#1S, PI 603918 and Pavon F76. Haplotype analysis indicated that the estimated length of 7S#1S was 157.23 to 174.42 Mb, accounting for about 23% of the 7A chromosome. Two SNPs on 7S#1S and 4 SNPs on the 1RS chromosome arm were converted to KASP markers, which were subsequently validated in a panel of cultivars and recently released elite breeding lines. Of these, one and two KASP markers are specific to the 1RS chromosome arm and 7S#1S, respectively, indicating that they can facilitate the introgression of Lr47 and QLr.stars-1BS into locally adapted wheat cultivars and breeding lines.

scholarly journals Highly predictive SNP markers for efficient selection of the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr16

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulualem T. Kassa ◽  
Frank M. You ◽  
Colin W. Hiebert ◽  
Curtis J. Pozniak ◽  
Pierre R. Fobert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Efficient Selection ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Oilseed Crops in Pakistan’s Punjab

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem Khan ◽  
Tahir Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Pakistan is deficient in major food products. Self-sufficiency in food has virtually always been a major priority, because imports of wheat, edible oil, sugar, pulses and milk products put a massive burden on the balance of payments for the country. The increase in the production of oilseed has been a priority goal of the agricultural development policy in Pakistan. The oilseed crops have been validated as alternative crops on several target locations of different agro-ecological zones [PARC (1990)]; but the success of this validation work in terms of their dissemination is very limited. The possibility of including these crops in well established systems needed to be well conceived. The selection of farming systems, which have the potential to adopt such crops, is a prerequisite to investigate the problems and prospects of oilseed crops.

scholarly journals Performance of Soybean Genotypes under Rhizobia Inoculation across Three Agro Ecologies of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tolorunse KD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

There is need to improve soybean yield potentials per unit area in the tropics, at least to the world average productivity level. To achieve this, attention has to be paid to the selection of high yielding and stable genotypes through plant breeding improvement programmers. Twenty four soybean lines were investigated across three agro ecological zones in Nigeria to determine their productivity. In each of the sites, the experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters.

scholarly journals Race and Virulence Analysis of Puccinia triticina in China During 2011 to 2013

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2095-2101
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Yu Xiao ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Yajuan An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is a common fungal disease of wheat in China. In order to identify races and determine the individual virulence of isolates in different wheat-growing regions in China, leaf rust samples collected from 18 provinces in 2011 to 2013 were tested on 37 Thatcher near-isogenic lines each carrying a different single leaf rust resistance gene. A total of 158 races were identified. Races THTT (19.5%), THTS (16.9%), PHTT (7.7%), THJS (5.0%), THJT (4.2%), and PHTS (4.0%) were the most predominant races in 2011 to 2013. All of these races were avirulent to resistance genes Lr9 and Lr24. The two most frequent races, THTT and THTS, were widely distributed. The frequencies of the isolates with virulence to Lr1, Lr2c, Lr3, Lr16, Lr26, Lr17, LrB, Lr10, Lr14a, Lr3bg, Lr14b, Lr33, Lr37, and Lr50 exceeded 90%. Frequencies of virulence to Lr2a, Lr3ka, Lr11, Lr30, Lr2b, and Lr32 exceeded 70% but were less than 90%. Frequencies of virulence to Lr18, Lr21, Lr15, Lr23, Lr33+34, Lr36, Lr39, and Lr44 were below 70%, whereas the frequency of virulence to Lr25 was less than 1%. All isolates were avirulent to Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr42, Lr29, Lr38, and Lr47. The identified races and individual virulence frequencies provide a basis for selection of effective leaf rust resistance genes for use in breeding programs and can also provide information for the study of race evolution of P. triticina.

scholarly journals Apis mellifera adansonii Is the Most Defensive Honeybee in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Patrice Kasangaki ◽  
Gideon N. Nyamasyo ◽  
Paul N. Ndegwa ◽  
Christopher Angiro ◽  
Robert Kajobe
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Apis Mellifera Adansonii ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Southern Highland ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Honeybee defensive behaviour is an important trait for selection of honeybees for breeding programs. We evaluated the variation in honeybee defensive behaviour with environmental factors and hive conditions. Factors such as the difference in the agro-ecological zones, colony strength, mean elevation, type of bee hive used, and the vegetation cover were considered. The number of honeybees attacking the researchers’ protective gear within one minute of disturbance was recorded per colony and analyzed. Apis m. adansonii was found to be the most defensive. Variations in the agro-ecological zones, colony strength, and mean elevation were found to significantly influence the defensive behaviour of the honeybees. Honeybee colonies in the Mid North AEZ were the most defensive. The type of bee hive and vegetation cover did not have any influence on the defensive behaviour. From this study, we suggest that selection of honeybees that are less defensive for breeding programs should consider A. m. scutellata and honeybee colonies from West Nile and Southern Highland AEZs at higher elevations.

scholarly journals Ecological Plasticity and Stability of Spring Bread Wheat Varieties by Yield Level in Agro-Ecological Zones of the Forest-Steppe and Polissia of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ruslan Blyzniuk ◽  
Oleksandr Demydov ◽  
Svitlana Khomenko ◽  
Iryna Fedorenko ◽  
Denys Berezovskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Ecological Plasticity ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Wheat endopeptidase: genetic control, polymorphism, intrachromosomal gene location, and alien variation

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. D. Koebner ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
J. W. Snape ◽  
C. N. Law
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Embryo Tissue

Isoelectric focusing separations of aqueous extracts of mature embryo tissue of 'Chinese Spring' wheat (Triticum aestivum) confirmed the previous gene location of the endopeptidase-1 (Ep-1) homoeoallelic series to the long arms of the group 7 chromosomes. Screening of a range of wheat varieties revealed a significant degree of polymorphism at each of the three loci, Ep-A1, Ep-B1, and Ep-D1, including three alleles at Ep-A1, five at Ep-B1, and three at Ep-D1. One allele at each locus was null. Polymorphism at Ep-B1 allowed this locus to be mapped both with respect to a number of other markers on 7BL and from the breakpoint of the 5BL.7BL translocation. A close linkage with the leaf rust resistance gene Lr14a was established and the locus was independent of the centromere. A number of alien relatives of wheat were found to carry distinct homoeoalleles on their group 7 chromosomes.Key words: wheat, endopeptidase, isozymes, isoelectric focusing.

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