scholarly journals GA3 is superior to GA4 in promoting bud endodormancy release in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) and their potential working mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Yuxi ◽  
Yuan Yanchao ◽  
Liu Zejun ◽  
Zhang Tao ◽  
Li Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Bud Dormancy Release

Abstract Background Sufficient low temperature accumulation is the key strategy to break bud dormancy and promote subsequent flowering in tree peony anti-season culturing production. Exogenous gibberellins (GAs) could partially replace chilling to accelerate dormancy release, and different kinds of GAs showed inconsistent effects in various plants. To understand the effects of exogenous GA3 and GA4 on dormancy release and subsequent growth, the morphological changes were observed after exogenous GAs applications, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the contents of endogenous phytohormones, starch and sugar were measured, respectively. Results Morphological observation and photosynthesis measurements indicated that both GA3 and GA4 applications accelerated bud dormancy release, but GA3 feeding induced faster bud burst, higher shoot and more flowers per plant. Full-length transcriptome of dormant bud was used as the reference genome. Totally 124 110 459, 124 015 148 and 126 239 836 reads by illumina transcriptome sequencing were obtained in mock, GA3 and GA4 groups, respectively. Compared with the mock, there were 879 DEGs and 2 595 DEGs in GA3 and GA4 group, 1 179 DEGs in GA3 vs GA4, and 849 DEGs were common in these comparison groups. The significant enrichment KEGG pathways of 849 DEGs highlighted plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, cell cycle, DNA replication, etc. Interestingly, the contents of endogenous GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 and IAA significantly increased, ABA decreased after GA3 and GA4 treatments by LC–MS/MS. Additionally, the soluble glucose, fructose and trehalose increased after exogenous GAs applications. Compared to GA4 treatment, GA3 induced higher GA1, GA3 and IAA level, more starch degradation to generate more monosaccharide for use, and promoted cell cycle and photosynthesis. Higher expression levels of dormancy-related genes, TFL, FT, EBB1, EBB3 and CYCD, and lower of SVP by GA3 treatment implied more efficiency of GA3. Conclusions Exogenous GA3 and GA4 significantly accelerated bud dormancy release and subsequent growth by increasing the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs, IAA, and soluble glucose such as fructose and trehalose, and accelerated cell cycle process, accompanied by decreasing ABA contents. GA3 was superior to GA4 in tree peony forcing culture, which might because tree peony was more sensitive to GA3 than GA4, and GA3 had a more effective ability to induce cell division and starch hydrolysis. These results provided the value data for understanding the mechanism of dormancy release in tree peony.

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway activation and flavonoids accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Xinzhe Cao ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Background: Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy which plants evolve to survive in tough environments. Endodormancy is a key obstacle for anti-season culture of tree peony, and sufficient chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition. Results: The tree peony buds were treated with artificial chilling, and the metabolmics analysis was employed at five time points after 0-4ºC treatment for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. A total of 535 metabolites were obtained and devided into 11 groups including flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins and vitamins. Totally, 118 differential metabolites (VIP≥1, P <0.05) during chilling treatment process were detected, and their KEGG pathways involved in several metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch was degradation and Embden Meyerhof Parnas (EMP) activity were increased during the dormancy release process, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accumulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition. Conclusion: Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoids accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway activation and flavonoids accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Xinzhe Cao ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Background Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy which plants evolve to survive in tough environments. Endodormancy is a key obstacle for anti-season culture of tree peony, and sufficient chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition. Results The tree peony buds were treated with artificial chilling, and the metabolmics analysis was employed at five time points after 0–4 °C treatment for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. A total of 535 metabolites were obtained and devided into 11 groups including flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins and vitamins. Totally, 118 differential metabolites (VIP ≥ 1, P < 0.05) during chilling treatment process were detected, and their KEGG pathways involved in several metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch was degradation and Embden Meyerhof Parnas (EMP) activity were increased during the dormancy release process, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accumulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition. Conclusion Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoids accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.

scholarly journals Metabonomic analysis reveals EMP pathway activation and flavonoid accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Xinzhe Cao ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Forcing Culture ◽  
Flavonoid Accumulation

Abstract Background Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy in which plants evolved to survive in tough environments. Chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony, and endodormancy is a key obstacle for forcing culture of tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition. Results A total of 535 small molecules were obtained in tree peony buds treated with chilling, belonging to flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins, and vitamins, respectively. 118 differential metabolites were detected, and they involved in serveral metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch degradation and EMP activity were enhanced during the dormancy release, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accunmulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling, which might attribute to the activated expression of PsDFR and PsANS. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (SA, JA, ABA, and IAA) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition. Conclusion Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoid accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway activation and flavonoids accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Xinzhe Cao ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Background: Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy which plants evolve to survive in tough environments. Endodormancy is a key obstacle for anti-season culture of tree peony, and sufficient chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition.Results: The tree peony buds were treated with artificial chilling, and the metabolmics analysis was employed at five time points after 0-4ºC treatment for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. A total of 535 metabolites were obtained and devided into 11 groups including flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins and vitamins. Totally, 118 differential metabolites (VIP≥1, P<0.05) during chilling treatment process were detected, and their KEGG pathways involved in several metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch was degradation and Embden Meyerhof Parnas (EMP) activity were increased during the dormancy release process, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accumulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition.Conclusion: Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoids accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.

scholarly journals Metabolomics analysis reveals Embden Meyerhof Parnas pathway activation and flavonoids accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Yu Zhan ◽  
Xinzhe Cao ◽  
Chunying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Background: Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy which plants evolve to survive in tough environments. Endodormancy is a key obstacle for anti-season culture of tree peony, and sufficient chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition.Results: The tree peony buds were treated with artificial chilling, and the metabolmics analysis was employed at five time points after 0-4ºC treatment for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d, respectively. A total of 535 metabolites were obtained and devided into 11 groups including flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins and vitamins. Totally, 118 differential metabolites (VIP≥1, P<0.05) during chilling treatment process were detected, and their KEGG pathways involved in several metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch was degradation and Embden Meyerhof Parnas (EMP) activity were increased during the dormancy release process, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accumulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition.Conclusion: Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoids accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.

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