scholarly journals QTL dissection and mining of candidate genes for Ascochyta fabae and Orobanche crenata resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Gutierrez ◽  
Ana M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Qtl Dissection ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Abstract Background Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg. and broomrape (Orobanche crenata) are among the economically most significant pathogens of faba bean. Several QTLs conferring resistance against the two pathogens have been identified and validated in different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to saturate the most stable QTLs for ascochyta and broomrape resistance in two Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) populations, 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, to identify candidate genes conferring resistance against these two pathogens. Results We exploited the synteny between faba bean and the model species Medicago truncatula by selecting a set of 219 genes encoding putative WRKY transcription factors and defense related proteins falling within the target QTL intervals, for genotyping and marker saturation in the two RIL populations. Seventy and 50 of the candidate genes could be mapped in 29H x Vf136 and Vf6 x Vf136, respectively. Besides the strong reduction of the QTL intervals, the mapping process allowed replacing previous dominant and pedigree-specific RAPD flanking markers with robust and transferrable SNP markers, revealing promising candidates for resistance against the two pathogens. Conclusions Although further efforts in association mapping and expression studies will be required to corroborate the candidate genes for resistance, the fine-mapping approach proposed here increases the genetic resolution of relevant QTL regions and paves the way for an efficient deployment of useful alleles for faba bean ascochyta and broomrape resistance through marker-assisted breeding.

scholarly journals First Record in Syria of Didymella fabae, the Teleomorph of Ascochyta fabae and Causal Organism of Faba Bean Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1044-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bayaa ◽  
S. Kabbabeh
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
First Record ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Plant Pathol ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg., is a common and destructive disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Middle East, Europe, Canada, New Zealand (4), and Australia. The main sources of inoculum are debris and seeds from which spores are air- and splashborne. The teleomorph of A. fabae has been reported previously only from England (2). The presence of the teleomorph supports the variability reported in the fungus populations from Canada (3) and Poland (1). Stems of faba bean plants, severely infected with A. fabae, were collected in July 1999 from Tel Hadya, Syria. The plants previously had been inoculated with a mixture of isolates of the pathogen, collected from the main faba bean-growing regions in Syria between 1996 and 1998, and kept under shade. The infested stems were used to inoculate the ICARDA Faba Bean Ascochyta Nursery planted on 29 November 1999. During late January 2000, symptoms appeared on the susceptible faba bean genotype. Stem pieces from debris used for inoculations were collected from the field and examined microscopically for the presence of ascomata. The maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures and rainfall at Tel Hadya during December 1999 were 16.5, 5.8, and 8.7°C and 22.4 mm, respectively. There were 16 nights when temperatures dropped below 0°C, and 10 nights when temperatures were between 0 and 5°C. Ascomata of A. fabae ranged from 76 to 209 μm wide (average 158 ± 3.9 μm) and 101 to 285 μm in length (average 178 ± 4.1 μm). Asci were 10 to 15 μm wide (average 14 ± 0.3 μm) and 51 to 96 μm long (average 63 ± 1.1 μm). Ascospores were 5 to 8 μm wide (average 7 ± 0.2 μm) and 15 to 20 μm in length (average 17 ± 0.3 μm). These measurements are comparable to those reported from England. Individual ascomata were dissected from stem tissue and fixed to the lids of petri dishes containing 2% water agar. After 24 h, the petri dishes were examined microscopically to locate ascospores on the surface of the medium. Germinating ascospores and developing colonies were transferred from water agar to faba bean dextrose agar. Colonies characteristic of A. fabae developed on the latter medium within 7 days of incubation at 20 ± 2°C. Pathogenicity tests of developing colonies were carried out on 3-week-old faba bean plants (Giza 4) using a spore suspension (2.5 × 105 spores per ml) of each of the isolates. Both inoculated seedlings and control seedlings inoculated with sterile water were covered with plastic bags for 48 h in a plastic house maintained at 18 ± 2°C. After removal of the plastic bags, seedlings were wetted four times per day by spraying with tap water to runoff. Inoculated plants showed characteristic symptoms of Ascochyta blight 15 days after inoculation. The fungus was reisolated from lesions that developed on leaflets of all inoculated seedlings, but not from any of the control seedlings. This is the first report of the occurrence of A. fabae, the sexual stage of Didymella fabae Jellis & Punithalingam in Syria, and indicates that the fungus could develop population variants. These findings have implications for breeding for resistance to Ascochyta blight. References: (1) A. Filipowicz. Faba Bean Abstr. 4:47, 1983. (2) G. J. Jellis and E. Punithalingam. Plant Pathol. 40:150, 1991. (3) P. D. Kharbanda and C. C. Bernier. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 2:139, 1980. (4) K. Y. Rachid et al. Plant Dis. 75:852, 1991.

Genes and Related Proteins Involved in Amelogenesis Imperfecta

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stephanopoulos ◽  
M.-E. Garefalaki ◽  
K. Lyroudia
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Biomineralization Process ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Kallikrein 4 ◽  
Enamel Proteins ◽  
Related Proteins

Dental enamel formation is a remarkable example of a biomineralization process. The exact mechanisms involved in this process remain partly obscure. Some of the genes encoding specific enamel proteins have been indicated as candidate genes for amelogenesis imperfecta. Mutational analyses within studied families have supported this hypothesis. Mutations in the amelogenin gene ( AMELX) cause X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta, while mutations in the enamelin gene ( ENAM) cause autosomal-inherited forms of amelogenesis imperfecta. Recent reports involve kallikrein-4 ( KLK4), MMP-20, and DLX3 genes in the etiologies of some cases. This paper focuses mainly on the candidate genes involved in amelogenesis imperfecta and the proteins derived from them, and reviews current knowledge on their structure, localization within the tissue, and correlation with the various types of this disorder.

Temporal and spatial dynamics of ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta fabae speg. In faba bean fields in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Omri Ben Youssef ◽  
Hatem Chaar ◽  
Zayneb Bessaidi ◽  
Imen Halila ◽  
Noura Jammezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

scholarly journals Response of Vicia species to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Sillero ◽  
D. Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Compatible Interaction ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Vicia Species ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

A collection of 267 accessions belonging to 61 Vicia species other than V. faba was screened under growth chamber conditions for response to Ascochyta fabae and Uromyces viciae-fabae, causal agents of ascochyta blight and faba bean rust, respectively. High resistance to both diseases was very frequently detected in Vicia spp. in contrast to the high susceptibility previously reported in most V. faba accessions. Most of the Vicia spp. accessions studied here were very resistant or even immune to A. fabae with only one per cent of the accessions allowing development of small lesions bearing pycnidia. High resistance or immunity to U. viciae-fabae was also frequently found in the collection, with only ten per cent of the accessions showing compatible interaction although with reduced disease severity. These findings reinforce the specificity of A. fabae and U. viciae-fabae and clarify the potential role of cultivated and wild Vicia spp. in the epidemiology of these faba bean diseases.

QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): validation in field and controlled conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Atienza ◽  
C. Palomino ◽  
N. Gutiérrez ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
D. Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Chromosome Iii ◽  
Chromosome Ii ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae ◽  
Important Disease

Ascochyta blight is an important disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Yield losses can be as high as 90% and losses of 35–40% are common. The line 29H is one of the most resistant accessions to the pathogen (Ascochyta fabae Speg.) ever described. In this work, we aimed to validate across generations the main quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for ascochyta blight resistance identified in the cross 29H × Vf136 and to test their stability under field conditions. QTLs located on chromosomes II and III have been consistently identified in the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of this cross, in both controlled (growth chamber) and field conditions and, thus they are good targets for breeding. In addition, a new QTL for disease severity on pods has been located on chromosome VI, but in this case, further validation is still required. A synteny-based approach was used to compare our results with previous QTL works dealing with this pathogen. Our results suggest that the QTL located on chromosome II, named Af2, is the same one reported by other researchers, although it is likely that the donors of resistance differ in the allele conferring the resistance. By contrast, the location of Af3 on chromosome III does not overlap with the position of Af1 reported by other authors, suggesting that Af3 may be an additional source of resistance to ascochyta blight.

Confirmation of QTLs controlling Ascochyta fabae resistance in different generations of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Díaz-Ruiz ◽  
Z. Satovic ◽  
C. M. Ávila ◽  
C. M. Alfaro ◽  
M. V. Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Ascochyta Fabae

Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta fabae Speg., is a disease of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) of worldwide distribution. In this study we have conducted an experiment on Ascochyta fabae resistance in 165 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed by single-seed descent from the cross between resistant and susceptible lines (Vf6 × Vf136) in which A. fabae resistance QTLs (quantitative trait loci) have been previously reported in the original F2 population. Recombinant inbred lines were inoculated under controlled growth chamber conditions and evaluated for disease severity and infection type index. The linkage map was constructed by MAPMAKER V2.0 and the QTL analysis was carried out using QTL Cartographer. Two hundred and seventy-seven markers (238 RAPDs, 4 isozymes, 5 ESTs, 1 SCAR, 6 SSRs, 2 STSs, and 21 intron-spanning markers) mapped into 21 linkage groups covering 2.856.7 cM, with a mean inter-marker distance of 12.72 cM. Composite interval mapping identified two zones of putative QTL action in the RIL population for DSL (disease severity on leaves) and DSS (disease severity on stems) traits. Putative QTLs (Af1 and Af2) were identified on chromosome 3 and chromosome 2, respectively, and jointly explained 24% of the phenotypic variance of DSL and 16% of DSS. With this study we have (1) confirmed the QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance found in F3 families in the derived RILs (F6), (2) re-estimated their position and genetic effects, and (3) assessed the stability of these QTLs in different genetic backgrounds by comparison of the mapping data with a previous QTL study.

Soil solarization, a non-chemical technique for controlling Orobanche crenata and improving yield of faba bean

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mauromicale ◽  
Giuseppe Restuccia ◽  
Mario Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Chemical Technique

Insights into the heat-responsive transcriptional network of tomato contrasting genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Sirine Werghi ◽  
Charfeddine Gharsallah ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Hatem Fakhfakh ◽  
Faten Gorsane
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Resource Data

AbstractDuring recent decades, global warming has intensified, altering crop growth, development and survival. To overcome changes in their environment, plants undergo transcriptional reprogramming to activate stress response strategies/pathways. To evaluate the genetic bases of the response to heat stress, Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers were applied across tomato genome of eight cultivars. Despite scattered genotypes, cluster analysis allowed two neighbouring panels to be discriminate. Tomato CDDP-genotypic and visual phenotypic assortment permitted the selection of two contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars. Further analysis explored differential expression in transcript levels of genes, encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs, HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfB1), members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family (HSP101, HSP17, HSP90) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes (APX1, APX2). Based on discriminating CDDP-markers, a protein functional network was built allowing prediction of candidate genes and their regulating miRNA. Expression patterns analysis revealed that miR156d and miR397 were heat-responsive showing a typical inverse relation with the abundance of their target gene transcripts. Heat stress is inducing a set of candidate genes, whose expression seems to be modulated through a complex regulatory network. Integrating genetic resource data is required for identifying valuable tomato genotypes that can be considered in marker-assisted breeding programmes to improve tomato heat tolerance.

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