scholarly journals Association of “hypertriglyceridemic waist” with increased 5-year risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnic population: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Namdarimoghaddam ◽  
Adeleke Fowokan ◽  
Karin H. Humphries ◽  
G. B. John Mancini ◽  
Scott Lear
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Background Hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW), which incorporates measures of waist circumference and levels of triglyceride in blood, could act as an early-stage predictor to identify the individuals at high-risk for subclinical atherosclerosis. Previous studies have explored the cross-sectional association between HTGW and atherosclerosis; however, understanding how this association might change over time is necessary. This study will assess the association between HTGW with 5-year subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods 517 participants of Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian ethnicities were examined for baseline HTGW and 5-year indices of subclinical atherosclerosis (intima media thickness (mm), total area (mm2), and plaque presence). Family history of cardiovascular disease, sociodemographic measures (age, sex, ethnicity, income level, maximum education), and traditional risk factors (systolic blood pressure, smoking status, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index) were incorporated into the models of association. These models used multiple linear regression and logistic regression. Results Baseline HTGW phenotype is a statistically significant and clinically meaningful predictor of 5-year intima media thickness (β = 0.08 [0.04, 0.11], p < 0.001), total area (β = 0.20 [0.07, 0.33], p = 0.002), and plaque presence (OR = 2.17 [1.13, 4.19], p = 0.02) compared to the non-HTGW group independent of sociodemographic factors and family history. However, this association is no longer significant after adjusting for the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis (p = 0.27, p = 0.45, p = 0.66, respectively). Moreover, change in status of HTGW phenotype does not correlate with change in indices of atherosclerosis over 5 years. Conclusions Our results suggest that when the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis are known, HTGW may not offer additional value as a predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis progression over 5 years.

scholarly journals Association of “Hypertriglyceridemic Waist” with Increased 5-Year Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in a Multi-Ethnic Population: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Namdarimoghaddam ◽  
Adeleke O. Fowokan ◽  
Karin H. Humphries ◽  
G.B. John Mancini ◽  
Scott A. Lear
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW), which incorporates measures of waist circumference and levels of triglyceride in blood, could act as an early-stage predictor to identify the individuals at high-risk for subclinical atherosclerosis. Previous studies have explored the cross-sectional association between HTGW and atherosclerosis; however, understanding how this association might change over time is necessary. This study will assess the association between HTGW with five-year subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.Methods: 517 participants of Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian ethnicities were examined for baseline HTGW and five-year indices of subclinical atherosclerosis (intima media thickness (mm), total area (mm2), and plaque presence). Family history of cardiovascular disease, sociodemographic measures (age, sex, ethnicity, income level, maximum education), and traditional risk factors (systolic blood pressure, smoking status, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index) were incorporated into the models of association. These models used multiple linear regression and logistic regression.Results: Baseline HTGW phenotype is a statistically significant and clinically meaningful predictor of five-year intima media thickness (b = 0.08 [0.04, 0.11], p < 0.001), total area (b = 0.20 [0.07, 0.33], p = 0.002), and plaque presence (OR = 2.17 [1.13, 4.19], p = 0.02) compared to the non-HTGW group independent of sociodemographic factors and family history. However, this association is no longer significant after adjusting for the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis (p = 0.27, p = 0.45, p = 0.66, respectively). Moreover, change in status of HTGW phenotype does not correlate with change in indices of atherosclerosis over five years.Conclusions: Our results suggest that when the traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis are known, HTGW may not offer additional value as a predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis over five years. Changes in HTGW may not be a reliable progress metric for prevention programs.

scholarly journals Assessment of the relationship between estimated cardiovascular risk and structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2098283
Author(s):  
María Lourdes Ladehesa-Pineda ◽  
Iván Arias de la Rosa ◽  
Clementina López Medina ◽  
María del Carmen Castro-Villegas ◽  
María del Carmen Ábalos-Aguilera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims: To evaluate the association of estimated cardiovascular (CV) risk and subclinical atherosclerosis with radiographic structural damage in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: Cross-sectional study including 114 patients axSpA from the SpA registry of Córdoba (CASTRO) and 132 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Disease activity and the presence of traditional CV risk factors were recorded. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated through carotid ultrasound and the SCORE index was calculated. Radiographic damage was measured though modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). The association between mSASSS and SCORE was tested using generalized linear models (GLM), and an age-adjusted cluster analysis was performed to identify different phenotypes dependent on the subclinical CV risk. Results: Increased traditional CV risk factors, SCORE, and the presence of carotid plaques were found in axSpA patients compared with HCs. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques and SCORE were associated with radiographic structural damage. The GLM showed that the total mSASSS was associated independently with the SCORE [β coefficient 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.38] adjusted for disease duration, age, tobacco, C-reactive protein, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intake. Hard cluster analysis identified two phenotypes of patients. Patients from cluster 1, characterized by the presence of plaques and increased cIMT, had a higher prevalence of CV risk factors and SCORE, and more structural damage than cluster two patients. Conclusion: Radiographic structural damage is associated closely with increased estimated CV risk: higher SCORE levels in axSpA patients were found to be associated independently with mSASSS after adjusting for age, disease duration, CRP, tobacco and NSAID intake.

Subclinical atherosclerosis in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Cardoso ◽  
Michele Honicky ◽  
Yara M. F. Moreno ◽  
Luiz R. A. de Lima ◽  
Matheus A. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness

Abstract Background: Subclinical atherosclerosis in childhood can be evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness, which is considered a surrogate marker for atherosclerotic disease in adulthood. The aims of this study were to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness and, to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. Subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid intima-media thickness. Cardiovascular risk factors, such as physical activity, screen time, passive smoke, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, dietary intake, lipid parameters, glycaemia, and C-reactive protein, were also assessed. Factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness were analysed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 0.518 mm and 46.7% had subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima-media thickness ≥ 97th percentile). After adjusting for confounding factors, cyanotic CHD (odds ratio: 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.20; 0.78), cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 3.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.35; 7.48), and be hospitalised to treat infections (odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.04; 3.54) were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics related to CHD were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. This finding suggests that the presence of CHD itself is a risk factor for subclinical atherosclerosis. Therefore, the screen and control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors should be made early and intensively to prevent atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of epigenome-wide association studies of carotid intima-media thickness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Portilla-Fernández ◽  
Shih-Jen Hwang ◽  
Rory Wilson ◽  
Jane Maddock ◽  
W. David Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness

AbstractCommon carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an index of subclinical atherosclerosis that is associated with ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD). We undertook a cross-sectional epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of measures of cIMT in 6400 individuals. Mendelian randomization analysis was applied to investigate the potential causal role of DNA methylation in the link between atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors and cIMT or clinical cardiovascular disease. The CpG site cg05575921 was associated with cIMT (beta = −0.0264, p value = 3.5 × 10–8) in the discovery panel and was replicated in replication panel (beta = −0.07, p value = 0.005). This CpG is located at chr5:81649347 in the intron 3 of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor gene (AHRR). Our results indicate that DNA methylation at cg05575921 might be in the pathway between smoking, cIMT and stroke. Moreover, in a region-based analysis, 34 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified of which a DMR upstream of ALOX12 showed the strongest association with cIMT (p value = 1.4 × 10–13). In conclusion, our study suggests that DNA methylation may play a role in the link between cardiovascular risk factors, cIMT and clinical cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease Is an Independent Predictor of Intracardiac Calcification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Pressman ◽  
Atif Qasim ◽  
Nitin Verma ◽  
Masami Miyamae ◽  
Kumiko Arishiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcification Score ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition worldwide and is associated with incident coronary disease.Hypothesis. We hypothesized that periodontal disease would also be associated with cardiac calcification, a condition which shares many risk factors with atherosclerosis and is considered a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods. Cross-sectional study at two sites (USA and Japan) involving subjects with both clinical echocardiograms and detailed dental examinations. Semiquantitative scoring systems were used to assess severity of periodontal disease and echocardiographic calcification.Results. Fifty-six of 73 subjects (77%) had cardiac calcifications, and 51% had moderate to severe periodontal disease (score > 2). In unadjusted analysis, a significant relationship between periodontal score and cardiac calcification (Spearman rho = 0.4,P=0.001) was noted, with increases in mean calcification score seen across increasing levels of periodontal disease. On multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, race, glomerular filtration rate, and traditional risk factors, this association remained significant (P=0.024). There was no significant interaction by study site, race, or gender.Conclusions. In a multiracial population, we found a significant association between the degree of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, and cardiac calcification. Further, higher periodontal scores were associated with greater degrees of calcification.

Intima-Media Thickness is Associated With Non-Traditional Risk Factors and Ischemic Heart Disease in Hemodialysis Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleto Álvarez-Aguilar ◽  
Daniel Lara-Romero ◽  
Javier Piñón-Escobedo ◽  
Anel Gómez-García ◽  
Alfonso R Álvarez-Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

scholarly journals Subclinical atherosclerosis: how and when to treat it?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_E) ◽  
pp. E87-E90
Author(s):  
Laura Gatto ◽  
Francesco Prati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Phase Progression ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by a long, initial, asymptomatic phase. Progression of disease could lead to acute coronary events, such as acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or sudden cardiac death. However, there are imaging techniques, namely vascular echography and assessment of coronary calcium, capable to make the diagnosis of atherosclerosis at an early stage. There are several studies demonstrating the ability of statins to delay, and in some situation even revert the progression of this condition. Subclinical atherosclerosis is highly prevalent in people with optimal control of the risk factors, and the imaging techniques have been shown to provide an added value over the traditional risk factors: by identifying directly the condition, these techniques allow the reclassification of low-risk to intermediate- or high-risk subjects, thus directing the primary prevention therapeutic strategies, based on high efficacy statins, aimed at delaying or reversing the progression of the disease.

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