scholarly journals Urinary tract infections in pregnancy in a rural population of Bangladesh: population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology, and antibiotic resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne CC Lee ◽  
Luke C. Mullany ◽  
Alain K. Koffi ◽  
Iftekhar Rafiqullah ◽  
Rasheda Khanam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Population Based ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy, including asymptomatic bacteriuria, is associated with maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight. In low-middle income countries (LMICs), the capacity for screening and treatment of UTIs is limited. The objective of this study was to describe the population-based prevalence, risk factors, etiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of UTIs in pregnancy in Bangladesh. Methods In a community-based cohort in Sylhet district, Bangladesh, urine specimens were collected at the household level in 4242 pregnant women (< 20 weeks gestation) for culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Basic descriptive analysis was performed, as well as logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for UTI risk factors. Results The prevalence of UTI was 8.9% (4.4% symptomatic UTI, 4.5% asymptomatic bacteriuria). Risk factors for UTI in this population included maternal undernutrition (mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm: aOR= 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03–1.61), primiparity (aOR= 1.45, 95% CI: 1.15–1.84), and low paternal education (no education: aOR= 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09–2.22). The predominant uro-pathogens were E. coli (38% of isolates), Klebsiella (12%), and staphyloccocal species (23%). Group B streptococcus accounted for 5.3% of uro-pathogens. Rates of antibiotic resistance were high, with only two-thirds of E. coli susceptible to 3rd generation cephalosporins. Conclusions In Sylhet, Bangladesh, one in 11 women had a UTI in pregnancy, and approximately half of cases were asymptomatic. There is a need for low-cost and accurate methods for UTI screening in pregnancy and efforts to address increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in LMIC.

scholarly journals THE CURRENT STATE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND THE COMPOSITION OF PATHOGENS OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Lokshin ◽  
V. N. Shirshov ◽  
A. S. Popko ◽  
Yu. L. Demidko ◽  
N. D. Luchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Acute Cystitis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction.The main treatment component of asymptomatic bacteriuria, acute cystitis and pyelonephritis in pregnant women is antibiotic therapy, which in many patients is prescribed empirically. For successful selection of the drug, it is necessary to know both the structure of pathogens and the current profile of their antibiotic resistance.Purpose of research.The study of species composition and resistance to antibiotics of bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women in the Moscow RegionMaterials and methods.The study included 104 pregnant women with uncomplicated UTIs who were observed and treated at the Lapino Clinical Hospital between 2016 and 2017. The material for bacteriological studies was the midstream portion of urine or urine collected by a catheter.Results.90 patients had asymptomatic bacteriuria, 10 had acute cystitis, and 4 had acute gestational pyelonephritis. The structure of the pathogens of UTI is presented: E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter cloacae. The most frequently detected pathogens were E. coli (67.3%) and E. faecalis (50%). Resistance rate of E.coli strains more than 20% was detected to ampicillin (36.4%), amoxicillin / clavulanate (23.2%), trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (27.4%), nalidixic acid (20.7%), cephalosporins 2 and 3 generation (respectively, 25.7% and 24.3%). Resistance rate more than 20% in Enterobacteriaceae family strains was detected to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (24.4%), nalidixic acid (20.7%), cephalosporins 2 generations (21.7%). Antibiotic resistance of E.coli and other Enterobacteriaceae family taxons less than 10% was noted only with respect to carbapenems (0%) and fosfomycin (1.5% and 3.5%, respectively).Conclusions.It is expedient to use the obtained data on the composition and sensitivity profile of uropathogens in UTIs in pregnant women when choosing starting empirical antibiotic therapy. Disclosure: The study did not have sponsorship. The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

scholarly journals Resistance and Virulence Properties of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. Coli Causing Nosocomial-and Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Hospitalized Patients in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina da C. Campos ◽  
Nathália Andrade ◽  
Julio C. D. Correal ◽  
Carla C. Santos ◽  
Marines du Teil Espina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). They are often multidrug-resistant (MDR), making them challenging to treat. Additionally, virulence mechanisms as biofilm formation are associated with persistent UTIs. Aims: To reveal a possible association between patients&rsquo; risk factors and UTIs caused by MDR or biofilm-forming ExPECs and characterize ExPECs causing asymptomatic bacteriuria, community- (CA), or hospital-acquired (HA) UTIs in hospitalized patients in Brazil. Methods: Bacterial DNA was extracted from the urine of 63 hospitalized patients and sequenced using short-read sequencing. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using VITEK-2, and the biofilm-forming, adhesion, and invasion abilities were quantitatively assessed. Results: Antibiotic resistance rates were high, and the majority of UTIs were complicated CA-UTIs. Most MDR- and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to high-risk lineages and were associated with UTIs in patients with comorbidities and over 60 years of age. The mortality rate of patients infected with MDR-isolates was higher than of those infected with non-MDR isolates. Most isolates were biofilm-forming, but no association with patients&rsquo; risk factors was found. Conclusions: Complicated UTIs caused by MDR- and biofilm-forming bacteria are frequently found in hospitalized patients in Brazil suffering from a UTI and are associated with high-risk lineages.

Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated from Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Attending Ante–Natal Clinics in Ilorin Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
R.H. Bello ◽  
Y.K.E. Ibrahim ◽  
B.O. Olayinka ◽  
A.A.G. Jimoh ◽  
N.B. Afolabi-Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The emergence of multidrug- resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially in E. coli bacteria  associated with Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) in pregnancy is a serious menace globally posing health challenges and confounding successful empirical treatment as well as increasing pregnancy – related  complications.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta – Lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli (ESBLs – EC) isolates in pregnant women attending ante – natal clinics within Ilorin - Kwara State, Nigeria.Materials and methods: A total of 53 non - repeated E. coli isolates from urine samples of pregnant women were presumptively identified using standard bacteriological method and confirmed by commercially available Microgen® Identification Kits. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was determined using antibiotics susceptibility test and double disc synergy Method for screening and confirmation respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was further used for the genotypic detection of ESBLs genes.Results: A total 88.67% (47/53) of E. coli exhibited resistance to the cephalosporins of which aztreonam was the highest (75.47%) and the least was cefpodoxime (35.84%) while 85.10% were confirmed positive for ESBL production. The genotypic detection showed the most occurring genotype was blaTEM (50%) blaOXA (27.7%), blaGES (22.5%), blaSHV (15%), blaCTXM and blaVEB (7.5%) while sixty – four (64%) of isolates co – harbored two or more gene. BlaTEM and blaOXA were dominant.Conclusion: This study showed high resistance of E. coli to the third generation cephalosporins harboring different ESBL genes which increases UTIs complexity and limit therapeutic options in pregnancy. Therefore, continuous monitoring of resistance in E. coli, effective appraisal of antibiotic control policies and rational use of antibiotics is therefore encouraged.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Immunocompetent Urinary Tract Infected Balb/C Mouse Model For the Study of Antibiotic Resistance Development Using Escherichia Coli CFT073 Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Chockalingam ◽  
Sharron Stewart ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Adarsh Gandhi ◽  
Murali K. Matta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common worldwide and are becoming increasingly difficult to treat because of the development of antibiotic resistance. Immunocompetent murine models of human UTI have been used to study pathogenesis and treatment but not for investigating resistance development after treatment with antibiotics. In this study, intravesical inoculation of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 in immunocompetent Balb/c mice was used as a model of human UTI. The value of the model in investigating antibiotic exposure on in vivo emergence of antibiotic resistance was examined. Experimentally infected mice were treated with 20 or 200 mg/kg ampicillin, 5 or 50 mg/kg ciprofloxacin, or 100 or 1000 mg/kg of fosfomycin. Ampicillin and ciprofloxacin were given twice daily at 8 h intervals, and fosfomycin was given once daily. Antibiotic treatment began 24 h after bacterial inoculation and ended after 72 h following the initial treatment. Although minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the experimental strain of E. coli were exceeded at peak concentrations in tissues and consistently in urine, low levels of bacteria persisted in tissues in all experiments. E. coli from bladder tissue, kidney, and urine grew on plates containing 1× MIC of antibiotic, but none grew at 3× MIC. This model is not suitable for studying emergent resistance but might serve to examine bacterial persistence.

Application of quantitative multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification of causative agents of urinary tract infections in pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Tatyana Alekseyevna Khusnutdinova ◽  
Yuliya Anatolyevna Savochkina ◽  
Aleksandr Yevgenyevich Gushchin ◽  
Yelena Vasilyevna Shipitsyna ◽  
Alevtina Mikhailovna Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Obstetrical Care ◽  
Bacterial Proliferation ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent the most common bacterial infections and often complicate pregnancy. UTIs in pregnancy are classified by site of bacterial proliferation as follows: asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, pyelonephritis. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria is a standard of obstetrical care and is included in most international guidelines. The urine microbiologic culture is considered the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of UTIs. Molecular methods enable to rapidly detect, identify and quantitate causative agents of UTIs in urine and are effective alternative to traditional bacteriological methods.

678 Urinary tract infections requiring hospitalization: Risk factors, microbiological characteristics and patterns of antibiotic resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e678
Author(s):  
J. Medina-Polo ◽  
S. Pérez-Cadavid ◽  
A. Arrébola-Pajares ◽  
R. Sopeña-Sutil ◽  
R. Benítez-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urine Isolated Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitalized Patients in Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Ladan Fatahi ◽  
Mohammad Soleymani Zar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in the community and hospitalized patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients. Subjects and Methods In the this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the results of about 5,000 urine samples sent for culture from the hospitalized patients of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz in 2019 were examined. Relevant information was extracted from patients’ medical records. Results Out of 5000 samples studied (39.7% female and 60.3% male), about 468 samples (9.36%) showed positive urine culture. Of the patients with UTI, 205 patients were women (43.8%). The risk of UTI increased with age. The most common bacteria caused urinary tract infections were E. coli with 51.5%, followed by Klebsiella with 29.3%. It was also observed that bacteria isolated from urine samples of people with UTI had antibiotic resistance, and for each bacteria special groups of antibiotics were more effective. Conclusion The prevalence of UTI in the studied patients was 9.36%. In females and with increasing age, the prevalence of UTI was higher. The most common bacteria that caused UTI were E. coli and then Klebsiella. Due to the fact that the resistance and sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotic used, it is recommended that the most common bacterial agents of UTI must be diagnosed and then the most appropriate antibiotic must be prescribed

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