scholarly journals The maternal antibody against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis showed distinct regional difference in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghong Meng ◽  
Qinghui Qian ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Dandan Liu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Regional Difference ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Detectable Rate ◽  
Dtp Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Passive transferred antibodies to the fetus play an essential role on protecting neonates and young infants until infant vaccination is more efficacious. However, very little is known about the discrepancy of DTP vaccine associated antibodies level in neonates from different economic areas in China. Methods In 2018, 200 neonates hospitalized in Shunyi Women and Children’s Hospital in Beijing, and 238 neonates hospitalized in Qianjiang Central Hospital located in the southwestern mountainous areas were included in this study. Antibodies specific for the antigens covered by DTP vaccine were determined using ELISA Kits (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The cut off value of ≥0.1 IU/ml (anti-diphtheria, anti-Dtx), > 0.1 IU/ml (anti-tetanus, anti-Ttx) and > 40 IU/ml (anti-pertussis toxin, anti-Ptx) were used to assess the percentage of protected neonates, respectively. Results The antibody levels in the neonates from Qianjiang (0.04 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.07 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG) were significantly lower than those from Shunyi (0.12 IU/ml for anti-Dtx IgG and 0.18 IU/ml for anti-Ttx IgG). The prevalence of protective anti-Dtx and anti-Ttx IgG were lower in the neonates from Qianjiang (7.1% for anti-Dtx IgG and 7.6% for anti-Ttx IgG) than in those from Shunyi (30.5% for anti-Dtx and 38.5% for anti-Ttx). The neonates from Qianjiang also had lower detectable rate of anti-Dtx (57.5%) and anti-Ttx IgG (55.8%) than neonates from Shunyi (97.5% for anti-Dtx and 71.0% for anti-Ttx). However, the detectable rate of anti-Ptx IgG in neonates from Qianjiang (39.9%) was higher significantly than in those from Shunyi (30.5%). Two neonates from Qianjiang have anti-PT IgG ≥100.0 IU/ml, which suggested that their mothers have a recent pertussis course. Conclusions The regional discrepancy of the protective antibody rates might be caused by different vaccine coverage and pertussis exposure, which suggested the importance of Tdap booster immunization for pregnant women or women at childbearing age, those living undeveloped areas in particular.

Persistence of Antibody Following Immunization of Children With Groups A and C Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccines

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Lepow ◽  
Irving Goldschneider ◽  
Ronald Gold ◽  
Martin Randolph ◽  
Emil C. Gotschlich
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Primary Immunization ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control Of Epidemics

Persistence of antibody following immunization with groups A and C meningococcal polysaccharides was studied in two groups of children. Cohort 1 (20 children, 2 to 11 years of age) received two doses of A vaccine three years apart; cohort 2 (1,345 children, 6 to 8 years of age) received A or C vaccine initially and the heterologous vaccine one year later. No significant reactions were observed. Geometric mean anti-A concentrations one month after primary and booster immunizations in cohort 1 were 8.77 and 13.08 µg/ml, respectively. Mean anti-A concentration declined 32% one year after booster immunization, but then stabilized. Mean anti-A and anti-C concentrations in cohort 2 were 9.35 and 9.12 µg/ml, respectively, one month after primary immunization. Mean anti-A concentration declined to 5.54 and 3.62 µg/ml while anti-C levels fell to 2.35 and 1.47 µg/ml one and four years after immunization. The proportion of children in cohort 2 with ≥ 2.0 µg/ml of anti-A and anti-C four years after immunization were 80% and 40%, respectively. An antibody concentration ≥2.0 µg/ml has been associated with protection against meningococcal disease. The results suggest that routine immunization of young infants with group A vaccine may result in long-lasting immunity. The usefulness of the presently available group C vaccine appears to be limited to the control of epidemics.

scholarly journals Measles Antibody Levels in Young Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. e20190630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Science ◽  
Rachel Savage ◽  
Alberto Severini ◽  
Elizabeth McLachlan ◽  
Stephanie L. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Infants ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals Antibody levels against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b in a population of splenectomized individuals with varying vaccination status

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. KONRADSEN ◽  
C. RASMUSSEN ◽  
P. EJSTRUD ◽  
J. B. HANSEN
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

In order to determine antibody levels against Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in a population of splenectomized subjects, 561 persons in a Danish county, splenectomized between 1984 and 1993 were identified. Two hundred and thirty-five were alive and 149 participated in the study. Each person donated a blood sample for antibody determination by ELISA. Though vaccine coverage among the 149 persons was 91% only 52% had ‘protective’ levels of pneumococcal antibodies. Despite recommendations for regular follow-up on pneumococcal antibody levels this had only been carried out in 4% of the subjects. Splenectomized subjects who needed pneumococcal revaccination were significantly more likely to have received their initial vaccination less than 14 days before or after splenectomy, as recommended, than those not requiring revaccination. Therefore, the timing of initial pneumococcal vaccination in relation to splenectomy seems to be important. All persons had Hib antibody levels higher than 0·15 μg/ml and 60% had levels higher than 1 μg/ml, which are the levels thought to provide short term and long term protection, respectively. In total, 37% of the 149 persons tested had pneumococcal and Hib antibody levels thought to correlate with protection from serious infections.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibody Response in Sows after Vaccination with Senecavirus A Vaccine and the Effect of Maternal Antibody Transfer on Antibody Dynamics in Offspring

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Zixiang Zhu ◽  
Huanan Liu ◽  
Weijun Cao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

Senecavirus A (SVA) is a newly porcine virus that has been detected in many countries since its first detection in pigs in Canada in 2007, and it remains endemic in many countries in Asia and America, which has become a substantial problem for the pig industry. Vaccination is a potentially effective strategy for the prevention and control of SVA infection. Our lab has developed a SVA vaccine candidate previously. In this study, the antibody response to the prepared vaccine in sows and their offspring was evaluated. Vaccination of sows with inactivated SVA vaccines during pregnancy elicited SVA-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. Vaccination with a high dose of SVA vaccine followed a booster immunization contributed to a long-term duration of the persistence of maternally derived neutralizing antibodies (MDAs) in the milk of the sows (>14 days). In contrast, vaccination with a single low dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a short-term persistence of MDAs in the milk (2–7 days). The MDAs could be efficiently transferred from the sows to their offspring through the colostrum/milk but not the umbilical cord blood. The antibody titers and the duration of the persistence of MDAs in the offspring are highly associated with the antibody levels in the milk from the sows. Vaccination of sows with a booster dose of SVA vaccine resulted in a longer-lasting MDAs in their offspring (persisted for at least 90 days). However, vaccination with the single low dose of vaccine only brought about 42 days of MDAs persistence in their offspring. The effect of MDAs on active immunization with SVA vaccine in offspring was further evaluated, which showed that vaccination of the SVA vaccine in the presence of MDAs at the titer of ≈1:64 or less could overcome the MDAs’ interference and give rise to effective antibody response. This will help for establishing the optimal times and schedules for SVA vaccination in pigs.

scholarly journals A Cross-sectional Serological Study for Measles among Italian Medical Students in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Trabucco Aurilio Marco ◽  
I Iannuzzi ◽  
L Di Giampaolo ◽  
A Pietroiusti ◽  
C Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Levels

Background: Measles is an infectious disease and a major health concern worldwide. Among individuals with a higher risk of exposure to measles, there are the Health Care Workers (HCWs), who may transmit the virus to other people. According to the Italian National Plan for Immunization and Prevention, all HCWs should have presumptive evidence of immunity to measles (documented two doses of MMR vaccination) or serological evidence of protective antibodies. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the immunological status, the vaccine coverage, and the protective IgG antibody titre for measles in medical students of the teaching hospital PoliclinicoTor Vergata (PTV). Methods: IgG measles antibodies titre was evaluated in a sample of 461 medical students undergoing annual health surveillance visits from January 1st to May 31th, 2020. Results: 73.7% of medical students showed protective measles IgG antibody levels. The immunization rate was higher among subjects aged less than 25 years with respect to students aged over 25 years (77.4% vs. 66.4%; P <0,001). Furthermore, average antibody titre showed a statistically significant association with the age group (124,2 AU/ml for the age group 18-25 and 133,2 AU/ml among subjects aged 25 or more; P<0.001). Conclusion: Our study shows a non-protective measles IgG antibody titre, especially among the older students. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the serological levels, to vaccinate those subjects whose antibody level is not adequate, and promote the vaccination even in the general population.

scholarly journals An observational study of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in women of childbearing age in Papua New Guinea

Pneumonia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Javati ◽  
Geraldine Masiria ◽  
Arthur Elizah ◽  
John-Paul Matlam ◽  
Rebecca Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Young Infants

Abstract Background Maternal immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) may protect young infants in high-risk settings against the high risk of pneumococcal infections in early life. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in healthy women of childbearing age in PNG. Methods As part of this observational study, 50 non-pregnant women of childbearing age (18-45 yrs. old) living in the highlands of PNG were vaccinated with a single dose of PCV13. Local and systemic reactogenicity were assessed 24–48 h after vaccination. Venous blood samples were collected before and 1 month after vaccination to measure PCV13 serotype-specific IgG antibody concentrations. Results No severe adverse effects were reported during the 1-month follow-up period. IgG antibody concentrations significantly increased after vaccination for all PCV13 serotypes. One month after vaccination IgG antibody levels ≥2.5 μg/mL were reached in at least 75% of women for all PCV13 serotypes, except serotype 3, and ≥ 5 μg/mL in at least 75% of women for 7 serotypes (serotypes 6B, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F). Conclusion PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in women of childbearing age living in a high-risk setting in PNG. This supports the implementation of studies to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of maternal PCV vaccination in high-risk settings as a strategy to protect infants in these settings against the high risk of pneumococcal infections in early life. Trial registration NCT04183322. Registered 3 December 2019 - Retrospectively registered

Persistence of Antibody and Booster Responses to Reimmunization With Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide and Polysaccharide Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccines in Children Initially Immunized at 15 to 24 Months of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Carol D. Berkowitz ◽  
Joel I. Ward ◽  
. Chung-E-Chiu ◽  
S. Michael Marcy ◽  
Lance Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Booster Vaccine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
To Receive

To evaluate the persistence of antibody after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine (PRP) and H influenzae type b polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP-D), a group of 141 infants initially immunized between 15 and 24 months of age were studied 1 year later. One month after immunization with PRP, the mean anti-PRP antibody level was 0.27 µg/mL and 1 year later was 0.29 µg/mL (not significant). In the group immunized with PRP-D, the levels were 1.34 µg/mL and 1.20 µ/mL (not significant), respectively. To evaluate immunogenicity and safety of a booster immunization 1 year after initial vaccination, subjects were randomly assigned to receive saline, PRP, or PRP-D. In addition, 73 age-matched previously unimmunized subjects were vaccinated with PRP or PRP-D. In all groups, adverse reactions were minor and resolved by 48 hours. Subjects receiving booster immunization with PRP or PRP-D had significantly greater antibody responses than children of the same age receiving their first dose of vaccine. The highest antibody levels were achieved in children initially immunized with PRP-D, regardless of whether the booster vaccine was PRP (112.8 µg/mL) or PRP-D (122.0 µg/mL) (not significant). Antibody levels after booster vaccine were significantly lower in those initially given PRP compared with those initially given PRP-D but significantly higher than in age-matched previously unimmunized control subjects (PRP booster 3.16 µg/mL vs control of 0.62 µg/mL [P &lt; .05]; PRP-D booster 12.31 µg/mL vs control 2.31 µg/mL [P &lt; .01]).

Identification and characterization of a putative agglutination/immobilization antigen on the surface ofCryptocaryon irritans

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. HATANAKA ◽  
N. UMEDA ◽  
S. YAMASHITA ◽  
N. HIRAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Immobilization Antigen ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Tiger Puffer ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYThe ciliated protozoanCryptocaryon irritans, a parasite of seawater fishes, was found to express an antigen that elicits antibodies in rabbits and tiger puffer (Takifugu ruburipes). Serum from rabbits and fish immunized with theronts had agglutination/immobilization activity against therontsin vitro; fish serum antibody levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays: ELISA) correlated with this activity. Anti-theront antibody levels in fish were significantly higher in the immunized group as compared with control fish at 2 weeks after booster immunization (injection of bovine serum albumin; Student'st-test,P<0·01). Biochemical analyses indicated that a Triton X-114-soluble 32 kDa theront integral membrane protein may be the agglutination/immobilization antigen. Indirect immunofluorescence staining of theronts suggested that this 32 kDa antigen was expressed on the surface of cilia. The full-length 32 kDa antigen cDNA contained 1147 basepairs, encoding a 328-amino acid protein including hydrophobic N- and C-termini. As withTetrahymenaandParameciumspp., TAA and TAG appear to be used as glutamine codons in the 32 kDa antigen gene.

Immobilization antibodies of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes induced by i.p. injection against monogenean Heterobothrium okamotoi oncomiracidia do not prevent the infection

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. UMEDA ◽  
A. HATANAKA ◽  
N. HIRAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Infected Fish ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Takifugu Rubripes ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Specific Antibody Production ◽  
Tiger Puffer ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYWe examined whether infection by the monogenean Heterobothrium okamotoi induces production of specific antibodies against oncomiracidia and their cilia, larvae on the gills, and adults on the branchial cavity wall of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. We also investigated whether specific antibody production participates in acquired protection against H. okamotoi. Sera from persistently infected fish immobilized H. okamotoi oncomiracidia 89 days after exposure and antibody levels (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) in the sera against oncomiracidia and their cilia increased compared with sera from control (naïve) fish. Antibody levels in these sera against the larvae and adult stages did not increase. The number of H. okamotoi on persistently infected fish was significantly lower than for control fish (P<0·05) when persistently infected fish and control fish were exposed to oncomiracidia in the same tank. Thus tiger puffer produced specific antibodies against oncomiracidia and their cilia, and acquired partial protection against H. okamotoi. Intraperitoneal injection of proteins of sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia with an adjuvant also produced oncomiracidium agglutination antibodies in sera from tiger puffer; the antibody levels in these sera against oncomiracidia and their cilia increased compared with sera from control fish (injection of BSA with an adjuvant) at 14, 44, and 75 days after the booster immunization. However, in a parasite challenge at 54–58 days after the booster immunization, the infection levels of fish immunized with parasites of sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia were the same as the control fish. Western blot showed that sera from persistently infected fish and fish immunized with sonicated oncomiracidia or their cilia recognized similar antigenic bands, suggesting that tiger puffer tends to react against these antigens compared with other antigens. These results indicated that specific antibodies against these cilia and oncomiracidia induced by i.p. injection do not prevent H. okamotoi infection.

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