scholarly journals Facial cleft? The first case of manitoba‐oculo‐tricho‐anal syndrome with novel mutations in China: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchen Gu ◽  
Yimin Khoong ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Tao Zan
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Facial Cleft ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Chinese Girl ◽  
Low Prevalence

Abstract Background Manitoba-oculo-tricho-anal (MOTA) syndrome is a rare syndrome with only 27 cases reported worldwide so far, but none was reported in the population of Eastern Asia. Such extremely low prevalence might be contributed by misdiagnosis due to its similarities in ocular manifestations with facial cleft. In our study, we discovered the first case of MOTA syndrome in the population of China, with 2 novel FRAS1 related extracellular matrix 1 (FREM1) gene stop-gain mutations confirmed by whole exome sequencing. Case presentation A 12-year-old Chinese girl presented with facial cleft-like deformities including aberrant hairline, blepharon-coloboma and broad bifid nose since birth. Whole exome sequencing resulted in the identification of 2 novel stop-gain mutations in the FREM1 gene. Diagnosis of MOTA syndrome was then established. Conclusions We discovered the first sporadic case of MOTA syndrome according to clinical manifestations and genetic etiology in the Chinese population. We have identified 2 novel stop-gain mutations in FREM1 gene which further expands the spectrum of mutational seen in the MOTA syndrome. Further research should be conducted for better understanding of its mechanism, establishment of an accurate diagnosis, and eventually the exploitation of a more effective and comprehensive therapeutic intervention for MOTA syndrome.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Genotypic Spectrum of Primary Immunodeficiencies with Whole Exome Sequencing in a Thai Patient Cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maliwan Tengsujaritkul ◽  
Narissara Suratannon ◽  
Chupong Ittiwut ◽  
Rungnapa Ittiwut ◽  
Pantipa Chatchatee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Diagnostic Strategy ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Whole Exome

Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) comprise more than 400 rare diseases with potential life-threatening conditions. Clinical manifestations and genetic defects are heterogeneous and diverse among populations. Here, we aimed to characterize the clinical, immunological and genetic features of Thai pediatric patients with PIDs. The use of whole exome sequencing (WES) in diagnosis and clinical decision making was also assessed. Methods: 36 unrelated patients with clinical and laboratory findings consistent with PIDs were recruited from January 2010 to December 2020. WES was performed to identify the underlying genetic defects. Results: The median age of disease onset was 4 months (range; 1 month to 13 years) and 24 were male (66.7%). Recurrent sinopulmonary tract infection was the most common clinical presentation followed by septicemia, and severe pneumonia. Using WES, we successfully identified the underlying genetic defects in 18 patients (50%). Of the 20 variants identified, six have not been previously described (30%). According to the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS), 38.9% of these detected cases (7/18) were found to harbor variants associated with genes in combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features (Class II). Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of WES in this patient cohort was 50%. Six novel genetic variants in PID genes were identified. The clinical usefulness of WES in PIDs was demonstrated, emphasizing it as an effective diagnostic strategy in these genetically heterogeneous disorders.

scholarly journals Identification of KRAS mutation in a patient with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Pan ◽  
Xiaowei Zhou ◽  
Anlan Hong ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Kras Mutation ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Nevus Sebaceous

Abstract Background Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome (LNSS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by large linear sebaceous nevus typically on the face, scalp, or neck. LNSS could be accompanied by multisystem disorders including the central nervous system. Herein, we report gene mutational profile via whole exome sequencing of both lesional and non-lesional skin samples in a LNSS patient. Case presentation A 17-year-old girl presented with multisystem abnormalities, including large skin lesions, ocular disorders, abnormal bone development and neurological symptoms. A diagnosis of LNSS was established based on clinical manifestations, histopathological and imaging findings. The skin lesions were resected and no recurrence was noted at the time of drafting this report. Whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA revealed the following 3 mutations in the lesions of the index patient: KRAS (c.35G > A, p.G12D), PRKRIR (c.A1674T, p.R558S), and RRP7A (c. C670T, p.R224W), but no mutation was found in the healthy skin and peripheral blood sample of the index patient, or in the blood samples of her parents and sibling. PCR-mediated Sanger sequencing of DNA derived from lesional skin sample of the index patient verified KRAS mutation, but not PRKRIR (c.A1674T, p.R558S) and RRP7A (c. C670T, p.R224W). None of the 3 mutations was found in Sanger sequencing in skin lesions of 60 other cases of nevus sebaceous patients. Conclusions Our findings show the relevance of KRAS mutation to LNSS, providing new clues in understanding related genetic heterogeneity which could aid genetic counselling for LNSS patients.

Novel pathogenic variant of MYBPC3 responsible for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Zhenghao Li ◽  
Qingfa Wang ◽  
Yongfa Zhang ◽  
Cuifen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Functional Change ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Whole Exome

Abstract Objectives: This study aims to investigate the pathogenic gene variant in a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by using whole-exome sequencing and to explore the relationship between the gene variant and clinical phenotype. Methods: Peripheral blood was collected from a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. The possible pathogenic genes were detected by whole-exome sequencing, and the variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Functional change in the variant was predicted by bioinformatics software. Clinical data of the family members are analysed simultaneously. Results: The proband carries a novel heterozygous nonsense variant of MYBPC3:c.2731G > T (p.E911X). The analysis of amino acid conservation suggests that the variation is highly conserved. The three-dimensional protein structure shows that the variant in MYBPC3 results in the incompleteness of the fibronectintype-III2 (p872–967) domain and deletion of Ig-like C2-type 6 (p971–1065) and fibronectin type-III 3 and Ig-like C2-type 7 (p1181–1274) domains, in which p1253–1268 is predicted to have a transmembrane helix structure. Clinical data indicate that the phenotypes of variant carriers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are diverse, suggesting the functional damages to the protein of MYBPC3. Conclusion: The phenotypes of variant carriers with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by the novel variant in MYBPC3: c.2731G > T (p.E911X) exhibit variable severity and clinical manifestations. Whole-exome sequencing can be used to comprehensive screen hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genes and provide a strong basis for early screening and accurate diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children.

scholarly journals Identification of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Caused by Mutation in FOXM1 via Whole-Exome Sequencing in Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhong ◽  
Zengyi Zhao ◽  
Qingshan Hu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Weili Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Maturity Onset Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Whole Exome

Diabetes mellitus is a highly heterogeneous disorder encompassing different types with particular clinical manifestations, while maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an early-onset monogenenic diabetes. Most genetic predisposition of MODY has been identified in European and American populations. A large number of Chinese individuals are misdiagnosed due to defects of unknown genes. In this study, we analyzed the genetic and clinical characteristics of the Northern China. A total of 200 diabetic patients, including 10 suspected MODY subjects, were enrolled, and the mutational analysis of monogenic genes was performed by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by familial information and Sanger sequencing. We found that clinical features and genetic characteristics have varied widely between MODY and other diabetic subjects in Northern China. FOXM1, a key molecule in the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells, has a rare mutation rs535471991, which leads to instability within the phosphorylated domain that impairs its function. Our findings indicate that FOXM1 may play a critical role in MODY, which could reduce the misdiagnose rate and provide promising therapy for MODY patients.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Chordoid Glioma With Sodium Ion Metabolism Disorder 5 Years After Meningioma Surgery and Whole-Exome Sequencing: A Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Baofeng Xu ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Ziwei Liu ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Chordoid Glioma

Chordoid glioma (CG), a rare slow-growing brain tumor, mainly occurs in the region of the third ventricle. Although its degree of malignancy is relatively low, its clinical prognosis is poor due to obscure clinical manifestations and the particular growing position. Currently, gross total resection is the best available method for treatment of CG. However, the tumor is located in the deep structure of the brain and close to neurovascular structure so it is difficult to remove completely. This study reported a case of CG of the third ventricle 5 years after surgery of right frontal parietal fibrous meningioma, accompanied with peri and post-operative sodium ion metabolism disorder. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed 25 gene mutations shared by meningioma and CG. In addition, the PRKCAD463H CG marker gene mutation also existed in this patient. We reviewed the latest literature on this rare brain tumor, summarized its clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological characteristics, and discussed the mechanism related to its occurrence and the reasons for sodium ion disorder.

scholarly journals Systemic inflammation and chronic kidney injury in a patient due to RNASEH2B defect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan He ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Cytokine Genes ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Chronic Kidney Injury

Abstract Background Aicardi-Goutières (AGS) is a rare immune dysregulated disease due to mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1 or IFIH1. Severe systemic inflammation is not typically persistent in AGS. Chronic kidney injury (CKI) has been never reported in this syndrome. Herein, we report a patient presenting with systemic inflammation and CKI to broaden the clinical phenotype spectrum of RNASEH2B defect. Methods Clinical data extracted included medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, radiological findings, management, and prognosis. Whole exome sequencing was performed on whole peripheral blood cells. After exposure to cGAMP in vitro for 24 hours, mRNA expression of twelve IFN-stimulated cytokine genes in PBMCs was assessed. Serum cytokine levels were detected by Milliplex. Results A 11-year-old female patient presented with recurrent aseptic fever, arthritis, chilblains, failure to thrive, mild hearing loss, and neurological manifestations. Laboratory and immunologic findings revealed lymphopenia, low complement levels, positive autoantibodies, elevated levels of acute phase reactants and inflammatory cytokines. Renal biopsy showed glomerular sclerosis in three of fourteen glomeruli, infiltration of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a homozygous and heterozygous mutations in RNASEH2B.Over-expression of IFN-stimulated cytokine genes was observed in the patient, including IFI44, IFI27, IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3, ISG15, OAS1, and SIGLEC1. Conclusions Systemic autoinflammation and chronic renal injury may expand the clinical phenotype spectrum of RNASEH2B defect. Trial registration: Not applicable; this was a retrospective study.

scholarly journals Case Report: Whole-Exome Sequencing With MLPA Revealed Variants in Two Genes in a Patient With Combined Manifestations of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xia ◽  
Yijie Feng ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Whole Exome

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are two common kinds of neuromuscular disorders sharing various similarities in clinical manifestations. SMA is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results from biallelic mutations of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1; OMIM 600354) on the 5q13 chromosome. DMD is an X-linked disorder caused by defects in the DMD gene (OMIM 300377) on the X chromosome. Here, for the first time, we report a case from a Chinese family who present with clinical manifestations of both two diseases, including poor motor development and progressive muscle weakness. We identified a homozygous deletion in exons 7 and 8 of the SMN1 gene and a deletion in exon 50 of the DMD gene by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). This case expands our understanding of diagnosis for synchronous SMA and DMD and highlights the importance of various genetic testing methods, including WES, in differential diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases.

scholarly journals The spectrum of ATM gene mutations in Iranian patients with ataxia-telangiectasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Amirifar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ranjouri ◽  
salar Pashangzadeh ◽  
Martin Lavin ◽  
Reza Yazdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Ataxia Telangiectasia ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Severe Phenotype ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis

Abstract Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a distinct range of clinical manifestations, including progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, and radiosensitivity. Methods: Clinical data, laboratory results, and genetic data were collected from forty-three A-T patients. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were done for the patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from A-T. Based on the phenotype severity of the disease, patients were divided into severe and mild sub-groups. Results: The median (IQR) age of diagnosis in this cohort was 5 (3-7) years and various types of clinical manifestations, including fever (p= 0.005), lower respiratory tract infection (p= 0.033), diarrhea (p= 0.014), and hepatosplenomegaly (p= 0.032) were significantly higher amongst patients diagnosed with the severe phenotype. Our results showed a strong correlation between phenotype severity and mutation type. The chance of having severe phenotype in patients who have severe mutations, including frameshift and nonsense, was 7.3 times higher compared to patients who were categorized in the mild genotype group (odds ratio= 7.3, p= 0.006). Thirty-four types of mutations including 9 novel mutations, were observed in our study. Conclusion: Molecular analysis provides the opportunity for accurate diagnosis and timely management in A-T patients with chronic progressive disease, especially infections and the risk of malignancies. This study characterizes for the first time, the broad spectrum of mutations and phenotypes in Iranian A-T patients which are required for carrier detection and reducing the burden of disease in future using the patients’ families and for the public health care system. Keywords: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), ATM, Whole-exome sequencing, Class switching recombination (CSR), phenotype severity.

scholarly journals Case Report: Whole exome sequencing reveals a novel frameshift deletion mutation p.G2254fs in COL7A1 associated with autosomal recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal ◽  
Rijith Jayarajan ◽  
Ankit Verma ◽  
Sreelata Nair ◽  
Rowmika Ravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa ◽  
Frameshift Deletion ◽  
Whole Exome

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa simplex (DEB) is a phenotypically diverse inherited skin fragility disorder. It is majorly manifested by appearance of epidermal bullae upon friction caused either by physical or environmental trauma. The phenotypic manifestations also include appearance of milia, scarring all over the body and nail dystrophy. DEB can be inherited in a recessive or dominant form and the recessive form of DEB (RDEB) is more severe. In the present study, we identify a novel p.G2254fs mutation in COL7A1 gene causing a sporadic case of RDEB by whole exome sequencing (WES). Apart from adding a novel frameshift Collagen VII mutation to the repertoire of known mutations reported in the disease, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a genetically characterized case of DEB from India.

scholarly journals Next-generation sequencing refines the genetic architecture of Greek GnRH-deficient patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Stamou ◽  
P Varnavas ◽  
L Plummer ◽  
V Koika ◽  
N A Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is a rare disease with a wide spectrum of reproductive and non-reproductive clinical characteristics. Apart from the phenotypic heterogeneity, IGD is also highly genetically heterogeneous with >35 genes implicated in the disease. Despite this genetic heterogeneity, genetic enrichment in specific subpopulations has been described. We have previously described low prevalence of genetic variation in the Greek IGD cohort discovered with utilization of Sanger sequencing in 14 known IGD genes. Here, we describe the expansion of genetic screening in the largest IGD Greek cohort that has ever been studied with the usage of whole-exome sequencing, searching for rare sequencing variants (RSVs) in 37 known IGD genes. Even though Sanger sequencing detected genetic variation in 21/81 IGD patients in 7/14 IGD genes without any evidence of oligogenicity, whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed that 27/87 IGD patients carried a rare genetic change in a total of 15 genes with 4 IGD cases being oligogenic. Our findings suggest that next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques can discover previously undetected variation, making them the standardized method for screening patients with rare and/or more common disorders.

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