The Colombo Twin and Singleton Follow-up Study: a population based twin study of psychiatric disorders and metabolic syndrome in Sri Lanka

Abstract Objectives: To determine changes and factors associated with child malnutrition, obesity in women and household food insecurity before and after the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A prospective follow up study. Setting: In 2019, the baseline Urban Health and Nutrition Study (UHNS-2019) was conducted in 603 households, which were selected randomly from 30 clusters to represent underserved urban settlements in Colombo. In the present study, 35% of households from the UHNS-2019 cohort were randomly selected for repeat interviews, one year after the baseline study and 6 months after COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka. Height/length and weight of children and women were re-measured, household food insecurity was reassessed, and associated factors were gathered through interviewer administered questionnaires. Differences in measurements at baseline and follow-up studies were compared. Participants: A total of 207 households, comprising 127 women and 109 children were included. Results: The current prevalence of children with wasting and overweight was higher in the follow-up study than at baseline UHNS-2019 (18.3%vs13.7%;p=0.26 and 8.3%vs3.7%;p=0.12 respectively). There was a decrease in prevalence of child stunting (14.7%vs11.9%;p=0.37). A change was not observed in overall obesity in women, which was around 30.7%. Repeated lockdown was associated with a significant reduction in food security from 57% in UHNS-2019 to 30% in the current study (p<0.001). Conclusions: There was an increase in wasting and overweight among children while women had a persistent high prevalence of obesity. This population needs suitable interventions to improve nutrition status of children and women to minimise susceptibility to COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00648-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Farhadnejad ◽

Karim Parastouei ◽

Hosein Rostami ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Fereidoun Azizi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Confounding Variables ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

Download Full-text