scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: an analysis of five sub-Sahara African countries for the adolescent’s sexual health policy implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Festo K. Shayo ◽  
Mariam H. Kalomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Early and unprotected sex with multiple partners among adolescents carries a high risk of acquiring HIV infections, other sexually transmitted infections as well as high rates of teenage pregnancy. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has a higher burden of HIV/AIDS: the leading cause of deaths among adolescents. We estimated the prevalence and examined the correlates of sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents of SSA. The purpose is to inform the public health programs dedicated to tackling the burden of HIV/AIDS. Methods We did a secondary analysis of the Global School-based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) datasets pooled from five SSA countries Benin, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, and Tanzania. Our current analysis included a sample of 15,318 in-school adolescents. The primary independent variables were ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners, while the dependent variables were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, use of marijuana and amphetamine, and parental connectedness. We performed descriptive statistics, and multivariate logistic regression stratified by gender using SPSS Complex Sample Statistics. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results Out of 15,318 participants, the overall prevalence of ever had sexual intercourse and sex with multiple partners were 43·5% (6670) and 20·9% (3204), respectively. In overall and across each country, male adolescents had a significantly higher proportion of sex with multiple partners than female adolescents, p < 0·001. The predictors of sexual intercourse with multiple partners in both male and females were smoking cigarettes, alcohol use, and use of marijuana and amphetamine. Female adolescents who smoked cigarettes and used marijuana had a significant likelihood of sex with multiple partners than male adolescents: [aOR 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1] vs [aOR 2.1, 95% CI: 1.7-2.7] and [aOR 2.4, 95% CI: 1.6-3.7] vs [aOR 1.9, 95% CI: 1·3-2·7], respectively. Conclusions Adolescents sexual intercourse and more especially sex with multiple partners was prevalent and strongly correlated with substance use. However, the correlation was higher among female adolescents than male adolescents. A customized public health intervention that targets multiple risk factors concurrently may benefit adolescents with clustering of sexual and non-sexual risk-taking behaviors.

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Condoms among Men in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Evans ◽  
Kuyosh Kadirov ◽  
Ibou Thior ◽  
Ramakrishnan Ganesan ◽  
Alec Ulasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Donor Funding ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tool Building ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be among the greatest public health threats worldwide, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Condom use remains an essential intervention to eradicate AIDS, and condom use is now higher than ever. However, free and subsidized condom funding is declining. Research on how to create healthy markets based on willingness to pay for condoms is critically important. This research has three primary aims: (1) willingness of free condom users in five African countries to pay for socially marketed condoms; (2) the relationship between specific population variables and condom brand marketing efforts and willingness to pay; and (3) potential opportunities to improve condom uptake. Nationally representative samples of at least 1200 respondents were collected in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We collected data on a range of demographic factors, including condom use, sexual behavior, awareness of condom brands, and willingness to pay. We estimated multivariate linear regression models and found that free condom users are overwhelmingly willing to pay for condoms overall (over 90% in Nigeria) with variability by country. Free users were consistently less willing to pay for condoms if they had a positive identification with their free brand in Kenya and Zimbabwe, suggesting that condom branding is a critical strategy. Ability to pay was negatively correlated with willingness, but users who could not obtain free condoms were willing to pay for them in Kenya and Zimbabwe. In a landscape of declining donor funding, this research suggests opportunities to use scarce funds for important efforts such as campaigns to increase demand, branding of condoms, and coordination with commercial condom manufacturers to build a healthy total market approach for the product. Free condoms remain an important HIV/AIDS prevention tool. Building a robust market for paid condoms in SSA is a public health priority.

Adolescent Responses to TV Beer ADS and Sports Content/Context: Gender and Ethnic Differences

1997 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Slater ◽  
Donna Rouner ◽  
Melanie Domenech-Rodriguez ◽  
Frederick Beauvais ◽  
Kevin Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

This experiment examines gender and ethnic differences in adolescent responses to TV beer advertising in sports and entertainment programming, as well as the relationship between such responses and present and planned alcohol use behavior. Female adolescents responded less positively than males to beer advertisements and to sports content of advertising, and more positively to nonbeer advertisements. However, positive responses to beer ads predicted alcohol use among female and male adolescents. No differences in response patterns to ads due to Latino ethnicity were found.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use, Stigmatizing/Discriminatory Attitudes, and HIV High-Risk Sexual Behaviors among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhen Liao ◽  
Dianmin Kang ◽  
Xiaorun Tao ◽  
Jennifer Huang Bouey ◽  
Muktar H. Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective. This research was conducted to assess the correlates of alcohol consumption and HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China.Methods. A cross-sectional survey provided demographics, sexual behaviors, illicit drug use, alcohol consumptions, and service utilization.Results. Of 1,230 participants, 82.8% were single, 85.7% aged <35 years, 47.2% had college or higher education, and 11.7% drank alcohol >3 times per week in the past six months. The average total score of stigmatizing and discriminatory attitude was 37.4 ± 4.4. More frequent episodes of alcohol use were independently associated with higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination, unprotected anal sex, bisexual identity, multiple male sex partners, drug use, and lower levels of education. Expressing higher levels of HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes was independently associated with alcohol use, unprotected male anal sex, bisexuals, more male sex partners, commercial sex with men, and non-receipt of peer education in the past year.Conclusion. HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes are common and associated with alcohol use and unprotected sex among MSM. The finding highlights the needs to develop programs that would reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes and strengthen alcohol use prevention and risk reduction initiatives among MSM.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of HIV-Positive Adolescents Related to HIV/AIDS Prevention in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Azagoh-Kouadio Richard ◽  
Yeboua Kossonou Roland ◽  
Yao Kouassi Christian ◽  
Kouassi-Kouadio Amenan Cécile ◽  
Aholi Jean Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participation Rate ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction. In sub-Saharan Africa, many adolescents living with HIV adopt behaviors and practices at risk of transmitting this infection. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of HIV-positive adolescents regarding the transmission of HIV for the prevention of this disease. Methods. Knowledge Attitude Practical Survey (KAP) conducted from June 20 to August 22, 2018 in pediatrics at the University Hospital of Treichville. It included consenting HIV-positive adolescents followed up in the voluntary testing counseling unit. The variables studied related to sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, attitude, and practice relating to the transmission of HIV. The analysis was descriptive. Results. The active queue was 349 children, including 210 adolescents. Fifty adolescents (22 boys and 28 girls) participated in the study, a participation rate of 24%. The average age of the participants was 16 years (extreme 10 and 19 years). The respondent was an orphan (38%), a secondary school (58%), and separated living parents in 42%. He stated that he did not know he was infected in 62%, and that he had sex with at least one partner in 54%. He knew the modes of transmission and the means of prevention in 72% of the cases. He knew that an HIV-positive adolescent could transmit the disease in 68%, and that HIV/AIDS was incurable in 40%. 42% of respondents said that an infected person on ARVs was contagious. Twenty-nine respondents who had a partner said they had unprotected sex in 58%. All of the adolescents surveyed said that they did not talk to friends and family about HIV. Conclusion. The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of HIV-positive adolescents regarding HIV/AIDS transmission is insufficient. We suggest setting up a therapeutic HIV/AIDS education program for these adolescents.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Non-Adherence Among Adults Living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Velloza ◽  
Christopher G. Kemp ◽  
Frances M. Aunon ◽  
Megan K. Ramaiya ◽  
Emma Creegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The new politics of male circumcision: HIV/AIDS, health law and social justice

Legal Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Fox ◽  
Michael Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hiv Aids

This paper engages with a changing politics of male circumcision. It suggests that various shifts which have occurred in how the issue is debated challenge legal constructions of the practice as a private familial issue. Although circumcision rates have declined in those Western nations which have traditionally practised it, the procedure is now being promoted as a medicalised response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Such initiatives propose a new biomedical rationale for the practice and have been difficult to confine to the African context or to adult bodies, prompting a resurgence of enthusiasm for neonatal male circumcision on the part of professional bodies in the USA and elsewhere. Although we have reservations about such public health policies, which we suggest downplay risks inherent in the procedure both for the individual and for the advancement of public health, we argue that such strategies have the potential to move debates about circumcision beyond the parameters of traditional ‘medical law’, with its focus on the doctor–patient nexus and the issue of who can validly consent to medical procedures. We suggest that, as with female genital cutting, male circumcision ought to be debated within a paradigm of social justice which gives adequate weighting to the interests of all affected parties (including women whose health may actually be compromised by the procedure) and which renders visible the socio-economic dimensions of the issue. In line with a social justice approach, we argue that public health initiatives must comply with international ethico-legal standards and be attentive to the emergence of an international human right to health. The shift in analytical frame that we propose has the potential not only to make us re-think our approach to the ethics and legality of male circumcision by challenging its construction as a familial decision but also to impact on the need for a broader conceptualisation of health law as rooted in social justice.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Among Female Prison Inmates

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cortney A. Franklin ◽  
Noelle E. Fearn ◽  
Travis W. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Aids

Research points to the importance of adequate health care in women’s prisons. This is especially important as female inmates are faced with a host of unique and distinct needs, in particular, an increased risk of HIV/AIDS infection. This risk presents a significant public health concern as the majority of female offenders receive limited screening, treatment, education, and counseling related to HIV/AIDS infection and transmission while in prison. Additionally, when these women return to their communities, they are generally ill-equipped to prevent the transmission of their disease. Further, their heath concerns become the responsibility of an already overburdened public health system. Effective medical care in prison alleviates inmates’ growing medical needs and protects the public from the transmission of HIV/AIDS. This study identifies the current state of HIV/AIDS among female inmates in correctional institutions nation wide. We argue that mandatory AIDS screening for all inmates and gender-specific educational programming will lower the rate of transmission and the prevalence of high-risk behaviors, thus reducing pre- and post-release health threats. Future research directions and policy implications are discussed.

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