Empowerment among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: age differentials in relation to person-centred primary care, community resources, social support and other life-contextual circumstances

Abstract Background Rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), also among younger adults, constitutes a growing public health challenge. According to the person-centred Chronic Care Model, proactive care and self-management support in combination with community resources enhance quality of healthcare and health outcomes for patients with T2D. However, research is scarce concerning the importance of person-centred care and community resources for such outcomes as empowerment, and the relative impact of various patient support sources for empowerment is not known. Moreover, little is known about the association of age with these variables in this patient-group. This study, carried out among patients with T2D, examined in three age-groups (27–54, 55–64 and 65–75 years) whether person-centred care and diabetes-related social support, including community support and possibilities to influence community health issues, are associated with patient empowerment, when considering possible confounding factors, such as other quality of care indicators and psychosocial wellbeing. We also explored age differentials in empowerment and in the proposed correlates of empowerment. Method Individuals from a register-based sample with T2D participated in a cross-sectional survey (participation 56%, n = 2866). Data were analysed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Respondents in the youngest age-group were more likely to have low empowerment scores, less continuity of care, and lower wellbeing than the other age-groups, and to perceive less social support, but a higher level of person-centred care than the oldest group. Community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, was independently and consistently associated with high empowerment in all three age-groups, as was person-centred care in the two older age-groups. Community support was the social support variable with the strongest association with empowerment across age-groups. Moreover, vitality was positively and diabetes-related distress negatively associated with high empowerment in all age-groups, whereas continuity of care, i.e. having a family/regular nurse, was independently associated in the youngest age-group only. Conclusion Person-centred care and community support, including possibilities to influence community health issues, supports empowerment among adults with T2D. Findings suggest that age is related to most correlates of empowerment, and that younger adults with T2D have specific healthcare needs.

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Social support and health-related quality of life among type 2 DM (T2DM) patients attending a public hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.65.p268 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Olufolake Olabode ◽

Timothy Omoluru ◽

Olawunmi Olagundoye ◽

Akinyele Akinlade ◽

Henry Akujobi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

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PREVALENCE OF SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGES OF REHABILITATION SCIENCES

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.10.2/004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Mehreen Zahid

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Age Group ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Issues ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Health Issues ◽

Rehabilitation Sciences

BACKGROUND AND AIM Smartphones have become an essential tool now days that impact psychologically as well as physically to the user. This study rules out smartphone excess usage and its addiction amongst pupil from Colleges of Rehabilitation Sciences METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted on 260 medical students out of which 50 dropped out later. Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) was used to assess the level of smartphone addiction amongst these individuals. RESULTS The statistical value of mean is 1.48 for both the genders whereas the statistical value of mean for age ranging from 20-25 years is 21.7 and the standard deviation is 0.50 for gender and 1.38 for the included age group. Only 7 participants (3.3%) were found to have low smartphone addiction level, 108 participants (51.4%) to be moderately addicted and 95 participants (45.2%) to have higher addiction. CONCLUSION The excessive use of smartphone was significant among the individuals aged 22 years and more specifically the more males than the females were found to be more addicted by smartphone. Our findings may help in the development of policies and guidelines which should be followed by the students to improve their quality of life and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety.

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Video-Based Communication and its Association with Loneliness, Mental Health and Quality of Life among Older People during the COVID-19 Outbreak

10.20944/preprints202104.0520.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tore Bonsaksen ◽

Hilde Thygesen ◽

Janni Leung ◽

Mary C. Ruffolo ◽

Mariyana Schoultz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Older People ◽

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Psychological Outcomes ◽

Age Group ◽

Communication Tools ◽

Study Results

The aim of the study was to examine the use of video-based communication and its association with loneliness, mental health and quality of life in older adults (60-69 years versus 70+ years) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA and Australia during April/May 2020, and 836 participants in the relevant age groups were included in the analysis. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between use of video-based communication tools and loneliness, mental health and quality of life within age groups, while adjusting by sociodemographic variables. Video-based communication tools were found to be more often used among participants aged 60-69 years (60.1%), compared to participants aged 70 or above (51.8%, p < 0.05). Adjusting for all variables, use of video-based communication was associated with less loneliness (β = -0.12, p < 0.01) and higher quality of life (β = 0.14, p < 0.01) among participants aged 60-69 years, while no associations occurred for participants in the oldest age group. The use of video-based communication tools was therefore associated with favorable psychological outcomes among participants in their sixties, but not among participants in the oldest age group. The study results support the notion that age may influence the association between use of video-based communication tools and psychological outcomes amongst older people.

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Estimating the disease burden of Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus patients considering its complications

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246635 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246635

Author(s):

Juyoung Kim ◽

Seok-Jun Yoon ◽

Min-Woo Jo

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Markov Model ◽

Burden Of Disease ◽

Age Groups ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Age Group ◽

Disease Study

Background The burden of diabetes is considerable not only globally but also nationally within Korea. The Global Burden of Disease study derived the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes depending on its complications as individual severity using prevalence-based approach from 2017. Conversely, the Korean National Burden of Disease study based on an incidence-based approach does not incorporate the severity of diseases. This study aimed to simulate incidence-based DALYs of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), given diabetic complications as disease severity using a Markov model. Methods We developed a model with six Markov states, including incident and existing prevalent cases of diabetes and its complications and death. We assumed that diabetes and its complications would not be cured. The cycle length was one year, and the endpoint of the simulation was 100 years. A 5% discount rate was adopted in the analysis. Transition cases were counted by 5-year age groups above 30 years of age. Age- and sex-specific transition probabilities were calculated based on the incident rate. Results The total DALY estimates of T2DM were 5,417 and 3,934 per 100,000 population in men and women, respectively. The years of life lost in men were relatively higher than those in women in most age groups except the 80–84 age group. The distribution of years lived with disability by gender and age group showed a bell shape, peaking in the 55–59 age group in men and 65–69 age group in women. Conclusions The burden of T2DM considering its complications was larger compared to the outcomes from previous studies, with more precise morbid duration using the Markov model.

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Patient-reported outcome measures as a new application in the Swedish Renal Registry: health-related quality of life through RAND-36

Clinical Kidney Journal ◽

10.1093/ckj/sfz084 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agneta A Pagels ◽

Maria Stendahl ◽

Marie Evans

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Age Group ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Related Quality ◽

Centered Care ◽

Health Related ◽

Impaired Health

AbstractBackgroundAlthough patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are gaining increased interest in developing health care quality and are a useful tool in person-centered care, their use in routine care is still limited. The aim of this study is to describe the implementation and initial results of PROMs via the Swedish Renal Registry (SRR) on a national level.MethodsAfter testing and piloting the electronic PROM application, nationwide measures were carried out in 2017 for completing the RAND-36 questionnaire online or by paper in a wide range of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients (Stages 3–5, dialysis and transplantation) through the SRR. Cross-sectional results during the first year were analyzed by descriptive statistics and stratified by treatment modality.ResultsA total of 1378 patients from 26 of 68 renal units (39%) completed the questionnaire. The response rate for all participating hemodialysis units was 38.9%. The CKD patients had an impaired health profile compared with a Swedish general population, especially regarding physical functions and assessed general health (GH). Transplanted patients had the highest scores, whereas patients on dialysis treatment had the lowest scores. The youngest age group assessed their physical function higher and experienced fewer physical limitations and less bodily pain than the other age groups but assessed their GH and vitality (VT) relatively low. The oldest age group demonstrated the lowest health profile but rated their mental health higher than the other age groups. The older the patient, the smaller the difference compared with persons of the same age in the general population.ConclusionsNationwide, routine collection of PROMs is feasible in Sweden. However, greater emphasis is needed on motivating clinical staff to embrace the tool and its possibilities in executing person-centered care. CKD patients demonstrate impaired health-related quality of life, especially regarding limitations related to physical problems, GH and VT/energy/fatigue.

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Effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and carcass composition in lambs of mountain Greek breeds

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3944-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. Skapetas ◽

E. Sinapis ◽

J. Hatziminaouglou ◽

A. Karalazos ◽

J. Katanos

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Age Group ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Slaughter Age ◽

Total Fat ◽

Effect Of Age

Forty male lambs of the mountain Greek breed were used to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter on carcass characteristics and composition. The slaughter of lambs was carried out at the age of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days. The slaughter procedure, carcass dissection and carcass composition were realized according to the standard method of CIHEAM-AGRIMED programme. The results of this work showed that the lambs of different age groups did not differ in dressing percentage significantly. The proportion of muscles showed a tendency of increase with the increasing slaughter age but the differences were not significant. The proportion of total fat in carcass increased with the increasing slaughter age from 20.84 to 23.59% for the age group of 30 and 90 days, respectively (P < 0.05). On the contrary, as the age at slaughter increased, the proportion of bones decreased (P < 0.05). Subcutaneous, intermuscular, perinephric and pelvic fats increased with the slaughter age, but only the subcutaneous fat was influenced significantly (P < 0.05). Among the different commercial cuts proportions of long leg, first 5 ribs and shoulder decreased, while those of last 8 ribs-loin and breast-flank increased (P < 0.05). The overall results suggest that the slaughter age of lambs of the mountain Greek breed should be increased from the present ~45 days to more advanced age of 75 or 90 days in order to improve the farmers’ profits without serious negative effects on the quality of carcasses or meat of lambs.    

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Family and community support among older Chilean adults: the importance of heterogeneous social support sources for quality of life

Journal of Gerontological Social Work ◽

10.1080/01634372.2018.1489928 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

pp. 584-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lorena P. Gallardo-Peralta ◽

Ana Barrón López de Roda ◽

M. Ángeles Molina- Martínez ◽

Rocío Schettini del Moral

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Support ◽

Community Support

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Major depressive disorder in different age groups and quality of life

Bangladesh Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3329/bjpsy.v28i2.32738 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 58-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Umme Salma Talukder ◽

MM Jalal Uddin ◽

Niaz Mohammad Khan ◽

Md Mostarshid Billah ◽

Tufayel Ahmed Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Age Groups ◽

World Health ◽

Age Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

World Health Organization Quality ◽

Quality Of Life Scale

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a significant public health problem due to its impact on the quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the presentation of depression in different age group and quality of life among the respondents. This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted from May, 2012 to February, 2013 among 65 patients aged 18 to 65 years with major depressive disorder in both outpatient and inpatient departments of National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka by using convenient sampling technique. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- Text version (DSM-IV-TR), Beck Depression Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to diagnose depressive disorder, to measure severity of depressive illness and Quality of Life (QOL) respectively. Level of depression was compared with the QOL. Quality of life deteriorated in patients with depression. Presence and level of depression was compared in different age groups of depressed patients. The results showed that most of the depressed people (17) were found in the age group of 21-25 years and most of the patients were severely depressed which was thirty nine (39). The study revealed that young people were mostly depressed and their quality of life was decreasing. lt needs further study to explore more information about pattern of presentation of depression and its effect on the quality of life.Bang J Psychiatry Dec 2014; 28(2): 58-61

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Comparison of anthropometric data quality in children aged 6-23 and 24-59 months: lessons from population-representative surveys from humanitarian settings

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-020-00385-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oleg Bilukha ◽

Alexia Couture ◽

Kelly McCain ◽

Eva Leidman

Keyword(s):

Data Quality ◽

Age Groups ◽

Older Age ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Age Group ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Digit Preference ◽

Anthropometric Indicators ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Background Ensuring the quality of anthropometry data is paramount for getting accurate estimates of malnutrition prevalence among children aged 6–59 months in humanitarian and refugee settings. Previous reports based on data from Demographic and Health Surveys suggested systematic differences in anthropometric data quality between the younger and older groups of preschool children. Methods We analyzed 712 anthropometric population-representative field surveys from humanitarian and refugee settings conducted during 2011–2018. We examined and compared the quality of five anthropometric indicators in children aged 6–23 months and children aged 24–59 months: weight for height, weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) for age. Using the z-score distribution of each indicator, we calculated the following parameters: standard deviation (SD), percentage of outliers, and measures of distribution normality. We also examined and compared the quality of height, weight, MUAC and age measurements using missing data and rounding criteria. Results Both SD and percentage of flags were significantly smaller on average in older than in younger age group for all five anthropometric indicators. Differences in SD between age groups did not change meaningfully depending on overall survey quality or on the quality of age ascertainment. Over 50% of surveys overall did not deviate significantly from normality. The percentage of non-normal surveys was higher in older than in the younger age groups. Digit preference score for weight, height and MUAC was slightly higher in younger age group, and for age slightly higher in the older age group. Children with reported exact date of birth (DOB) had much lower digit preference for age than those without exact DOB. SD, percentage flags and digit preference scores were positively correlated between the two age groups at the survey level, such as those surveys showing higher anthropometry data quality in younger age group also tended to show higher quality in older age group. Conclusions There should be an emphasis on increased rigor of training survey measurers in taking anthropometric measurements in the youngest children. Standardization test, a mandatory component of the pre-survey measurer training and evaluation, of 10 children should include at least 4–5 children below 2 years of age.

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Priorities for improved management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: analysis of cross-sectional continuous quality improvement data in Aboriginal primary healthcare centres in Australia

Australian Health Review ◽

10.1071/ah19132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Judith M. Katzenellenbogen ◽

Daniela Bond-Smith ◽

Anna P. Ralph ◽

Mathilda Wilmot ◽

Julie Marsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Best Practice ◽

Age Groups ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Age Group ◽

Adult Transition ◽

Continuous Quality ◽

Transition Care ◽

Rheumatic Heart

ObjectiveThis study investigated the delivery of guideline-recommended services for the management of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Australian primary healthcare centres participating in the Audit and Best Practice for Chronic Disease (ABCD) National Research Partnership project. MethodsARF and RHD clinical audit data were collected from 63 Aboriginal centres in four Australian jurisdictions using the ABCD ARF/RHD audit tool. Records of up to 30 patients treated for ARF and/or RHD were analysed per centre from the most recent audit conducted between 2009 and 2014. The main outcome measure was a quality of ARF and RHD care composite indicator consisting of nine best-practice service items. ResultsOf 1081 patients, most were Indigenous (96%), female (61%), from the Northern Territory and Queensland (97%) and <25 years of age (49%). The composite indicator was highest in the 0–14 year age group (77% vs 65–67% in other age groups). Timely injections and provision of client education are important specific areas for improvement. Multiple regression showed age >15 years to be a significant negative factor for several care indicators, particularly for the delivery of long-acting antibiotic injections and specialist services in the 15–24 year age group. ConclusionsThe results suggest that timely injection and patient education are priorities for managing ARF and RHD, particularly focusing on child-to-adult transition care. What is known about the topic?The burden of rheumatic fever and RHD in some Aboriginal communities is among the highest documented globally. Guideline-adherent RHD prevention and management in primary health care (PHC) settings are critically important to reduce this burden. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is a proven strategy to improve guideline adherence, using audit cycles and proactive engagement of PHC end users with their own data. Previously, such CQI strategies using a systems approach were shown to improve delivery of ARF and RHD care in six Aboriginal health services (three government and three community controlled). What does this paper add?This paper focuses on the variation across age groups in the quality of ARF and/or RHD care according to nine quality of care indicators across 63 PHC centres serving the Aboriginal population in the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. These new findings provide insight into difference in quality of care by life stage, indicating particular areas for improvement of the management of ARF and RHD at the PHC level, and can act as a baseline for monitoring of care quality for ARF and RHD into the future. What are the implications for practitioners?Management plans and innovative strategies or systems for improving adherence need to be developed as a matter of urgency. PHC professionals need to closely monitor adherence to secondary prophylaxis at both the clinic and individual level. RHD priority status needs to be assigned and recorded as a tool to guide management. Systems strengthening needs to particularly target child-to-adult transition care. Practitioners are urged to keep a quick link to the RHDAustralia website to access resources and guidelines pertaining to ARF and RHD (https://www.rhdaustralia.org.au/arf-rhd-guideline, accessed 3 October 2019). CQI strategies can assist PHC centres to improve the care they provide to patients.

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