scholarly journals Patterns of brain structural alteration in COPD with different levels of pulmonary function impairment and its association with cognitive deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Yin ◽  
Haibao Wang ◽  
Xianwei Hu ◽  
Xiaoshu Li ◽  
Guanghe Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Structural Alteration ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background To explore patterns of brain structural alteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different levels of lung function impairment and the associations of those patterns with cognitive functional deficits using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses based on high-resolution structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods A total of 115 right-handed participants (26 severe, 29 moderate, and 29 mild COPD patients and a comparison group of 31 individuals without COPD) completed tests of cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) and pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]) and underwent MRI scanning. VBM and TBSS analyses were used to identify changes in grey matter density (GMD) and white matter (WM) integrity in COPD patients. In addition, correlation analyses between these imaging parameter changes and cognitive and pulmonary functional impairments were performed. Results There was no significant difference in brain structure between the comparison groups and the mild COPD patients. Patients with moderate COPD had atrophy of the left middle frontal gyrus and right opercular part/triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and WM changes were present mainly in the superior and posterior corona radiata, corpus callosum and cingulum. Patients with severe COPD exhibited the most extensive changes in GMD and WM. Some grey matter (GM) and WM changes were correlated with MoCA scores and FEV1. Conclusions These findings suggest that patients with COPD exhibit progressive structural impairments in both the GM and the WM, along with impaired levels of lung function, highlighting the importance of early clinical interventions.

scholarly journals Impact of chronic khat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing on pulmonary function test and oxygen saturation in humans: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211882461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Chronic consumption of khat affects many organ systems and leads to various health disturbances in the chewers. Few studies examined the acute effects of khat ingestion on lung function parameters. However, studies which assessed the long-term effects of khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation are lacking. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chronic Khat chewing on pulmonary function parameters and oxygen saturation among chronic Khat chewers in Wolkite, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Wolkite, Ethiopia from 1 June 2018 to 15 August 2018. A total of 324 participants, 162 khat chewers and 162 non-chewers were included in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interview by trained data collectors. British Medical Research Council respiratory questionnaire was used to assess respiratory symptoms. A spirometer was used to assess various lung function parameters. Moreover, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin was measured using pulse oximeter. Data were entered into CSPro version 6.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: This study showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean values of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume among khat chewers as compared to non-chewers. There was no significant difference in the mean values of other lung function parameters between the two groups. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p = 0.642) in mean oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) across the two groups. Conclusion: It is evident from this study that long-term khat consumption is associated with decreased mean forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second and maximum ventilation volume. Hence, there is a need for further study to strengthen the current findings and to explore the mechanisms of khat chewing effect on lung function parameters.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bronchodilator Effect of Salbutamol Delivered via MDI and DPI in COPD Patients

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Shrestha ◽  
R Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the leading problems affecting majority of population all over the world which diminishes the quality of life of the individual and create extra burden to the society as well as country. Inhaled bronchodilator therapy is the mainstay of treatment in the management of COPD. Various inhaled [e.g. metered dose inhaler (MDI) /dry powder inhaler (DPI)] formulations are available and are widely used among the COPD patients in Nepal. Methodology : This is cross sectional prospective study, designed to compare the bronchodilating effect produced when salbutamol is delivered via two devices: MDI (Asthalin® from Cipla) and DPI (Asthalin® rotacap delivered via Rotahaler® from Cipla), in patients with stable COPD. It is proven by previous studies that intervention is necessary to improve the compliance of the patients; all subjects (total n=60; 30 in each group) are counseled and trained to follow correct inhaling technique through particular device. Then their improvements in lung function were measured with reference to the pulmonary function test based on spirometry. Results : Patients enrolled in each group were not statistically different regarding to age (P=0.318), weight (P=0.324) & BMI (P=0.836). Among the total subjects 87% had smoking history and 2% were still smoking and there was no signifi cant difference in smoking habit between the two groups (p-value 0.544 > 0.05). Similarly 91.6 % of the total had exposure to indoor air pollution which had been the major risk factor for COPD. Most of the patients were on stage II COPD (62%). Salbutamol was found to have no effect on vital statistics of patients. Study showed there was no significant difference in the improvement of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (p=0.802), FVC (p= 0.693), FEV1 % (p=1) and PEF (p=0.448) between MDI and Rotahaler groups. Major side effect associated with the MDI users is headache (79%) while those among Rotahaler users were muscle cramps (79%). Even though intervention improved the inhaler using technique among the patients in both the groups, it was found even after counseling, DPI seemed to be better understood by the patients in comparison to MDI (p=0.003 & 0.00). In addition DPI was preferred by most of the patients who were familiar with both delivery systems. It was also found to be cheaper than the MDI. Conclusion : Overall evidence suggests that although both MDI & DPI improve the lung function of COPD patients to similar extent, DPI is cheaper and more preferred and can be easily handled by the patients which can result in reduction of non-compliance. Keyword : COPD; Salbutamol; DPI; MDI; Spirometry DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3054 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (2) 22-30

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Hospitalized COPD Patients: Impact on Quality of Life and Lung Function

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni V. Mekov ◽  
Yanina G. Slavova ◽  
Marianka P. Genova ◽  
Adelina D. Tsakova ◽  
Dimitar T. Kostadinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd

Abstract Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is estimated to affect 2-37% of COPD patients, results varying widely between studies. DM may also correlate with quality of life and lung function. Aim: To examine correlations between DM and quality of life and lung function in COPD patients admitted to hospital with exacerbation of COPD. Patients and methods: A hundred and fifty-two patients were included in the study. They were all examined for diabetes mellitus. All patients completed CAT and mMRC questionnaires and underwent spirometry. Results: 13.2% (20/152) of patients received medications for DM. 21.7% (33/152) had newly diagnosed DM and 30.9% (47/152) had prediabetes. DM is not associated with reduced quality of life and worse pulmonary function. However, untreated DM is associated with both reduced quality of life and worse pulmonary function. HbA1c is negatively correlated with FVC and positively correlated with CAT score. Conclusions: COPD patients hospitalized for exacerbation are at high risk for impaired glucose metabolism. Untreated DM is associated with worse lung function and lower quality of life, which stresses the importance of screening for the disease. The patients may benefit from optimizing blood glucose level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Optimized Ultrafiltration on Perioperative Pulmonary Function During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants Under 10 kg

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Niu ◽  
Guangdi Zhai ◽  
Aibin Zheng ◽  
Juanying Zhou ◽  
Shengqi Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of optimized ultrafiltration on perioperative electrolytes, acid–base balance, and pulmonary function during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in infants with low body weight (under 10 kg), using traditional balanced ultrafiltration and modified ultrafiltration.Methods: A total of 30 children who underwent surgical correction for congenital heart disease in Changzhou Children's Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were randomly divided into two groups. In the treatment group, ultrafiltration pre-treatment was carried out with blood-containing priming fluid prior to CPB. Balanced ultrafiltration was performed during the operation, and optimized and modified ultrafiltration were conducted before closing and extubation. In the control group, traditional balanced ultrafiltration was used during the operation, and a modified ultrafiltration combination was used before closing and extubation. Indexes such as blood gas analysis and electrolytes were measured perioperatively, and pulmonary function was observed.Results: No deaths were reported in either group. The ventilator-assisted breathing time was shorter in the treatment group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The indexes of the treatment group were closer than those of the control group to the optimal physiological values. The concentrations of potassium ion (K+), lactate (Lac), and blood glucose (Glu) decreased, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P &lt; 0.05) at the end of CPB. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) in the treatment group increased (P &lt; 0.01). Alveolar-arterial differences for oxygen (A-aDO2) and respiratory index (RI) increased significantly in both groups after operation. Children in the treatment group began to recover lung function earlier than children in the control group. Both A-aDO2 and RI were lower in the treatment group than in the control group at each time point after operation (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Optimizing and modifying the traditional ultrafiltration combination method can effectively shorten the ultrafiltration time, reduce the adverse impacts of the ultrafiltration technique, and improve the lung function of infants after operation.

Antithymocyte Globuline Given as Part of the Conditioning Regimen Has No Impact On Lung Function at 1 Year After Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3306-3306
Author(s):  
Filippo Milano ◽  
Margaret A. Au ◽  
H. J. Deeg ◽  
Jason Chien
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 3306 Poster Board III-194 Background Pulmonary dysfunction is common following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of Antithymocyte globuline (ATG) has reduced the incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD), particularly in its chronic form, but the impact of this approach on the prevention of lung dysfunction is not well characterized. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of pulmonary function in all patients transplanted from January 2001 through December 2005 following conditioning with oral busulfan (BU) followed by either cyclophosphamide (CY) or fludarabine (FLU) with or without the addition of ATG. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed per transplant protocol before and around day 80 and 1 year after transplantation. Results Of 406 patients, 13 (3%) were excluded due to lack of pre-transplant PFTs. Seventy five patients received ATG (thymoglobulin, given on days -3 to -1 for total doses of 4.5 – 6 mg/kg), and 318 did not. The median patient age was 49 years for both the ATG (range 9-65) and non-ATG (range 7-66) groups; the median follow-up was 956 (range 19-2071) days and 903 (range 8-2697) days, respectively. The ATG group had proportionally more patients with high risk diseases (62.7% vs 45.7%, p= .03), whereas the use of bone marrow as stem cell source was higher in the non-ATG group (14.6% vs 5.3%, p=.03). The proportion of patients with PFTs at 1 year was similar for both groups (49.3% vs 54.6%, p=.55). No significant statistical differences between the 2 groups were seen in the mean percentage of the predicted values for FEV1, FVC, TLC and DLco at 80 days or 1 year after transplantation. The mean value of FEV1/FVC ratio at 1 year was higher for ATG patients (0.81±0.05 vs 0.77±0.09, p=.003). The mean change in PFT parameters from baseline to 1 year after HSCT also did not show a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for any PFT parameters except for the FEV1/FVC ratio, which decline was lower in the ATG group (0.4±3.9 vs -2.8±7.3 p=.0002). This difference remained significant in multivariate analysis. The lung function score at 1 year after transplantation was similar in the 2 groups; they also had similar rates of lung function decline (expressed as the annualized rate of FEV1 decline) from baseline to 1 year after HSCT. The risk of developing severe airflow obstruction (AFO) or a restrictive pattern (RP), as well as the cumulative incidence of AFO and RP were not statistically significantly different between the 2 treatment groups at 1 year after HSCT. Conclusions In this retrospective analysis, incorporation of ATG into the HSCT conditioning regimen did not appear to be associated with superior outcome in terms of post transplant pulmonary function. However, further evaluations are needed to better clarify the role that ATG might have in the development of late-term pulmonary complications. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The trend of pulmonary function tests over time in COPD patients with different levels of blood eosinophils

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Rogliani ◽  
Ermanno Puxeddu ◽  
Chiara Ciaprini ◽  
Gabriella Pezzuto ◽  
Luigino Calzetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Blood Eosinophils ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Effects on Lung Function in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery on versus off Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Trial

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Gunaratnam Niranjann ◽  
George Asimakopoulos ◽  
Brendan Madden ◽  
Gillian Cockerill ◽  
Matthew Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Coronary Artery Surgery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Coronary revascularization is associated with respiratory dysfunction and poor gas exchange postoperatively. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated as a possible explanation for this phenomenon. This study investigated respiratory function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on-CPB versus off-CPB to determine whether the off-CPB condition results in improved postoperative pulmonary function. Methods Forty patients were randomized into 1 of 2 groups: CABG on-CPB (group A) or off-CPB (group B). Pulmonary function tests, including spirometry and diffusion studies, were performed preoperatively and on postoperative day 5. Arterial blood gases on 100% oxygen were taken preoperatively (TP1), 15 minutes after sternal closure (TP2), and 3 hours postoperatively (TP3). Results The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) on FiO2 1.0 decreased from 59.5 ± 11.5 kPa and 55.7 ± 12.2 kPaat TP1 to 39.5 ± 16 kPa and 39.7 ± 13 kPa at TP2 in groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. At TP3, the PaO2 partially recovered toward preoperative levels (P < 0.05). Spirometry revealed a significant reduction in FEV1 and FVC on the fifth postoperative day (P < 0.001), with no significant difference between groups. The corrected transfer factor for carbon monoxide reduced significantly in group A from 7.9 ± 2.5 mmolmin–1 · kPa–1 preoperatively to 5.1 ± 1.6 mmolmin–1 · kPa–1 postoperatively (P < 0.05). This reduction was not seen in group B. Conclusions Coronary artery surgery is associated with a marked reduction in lung function as measured by pulmonary function tests and PaO2. Diffusion studies revealed that on-CPB patients had significantly reduced diffusion capacities postoperatively compared with patients in the off-CPB group.

scholarly journals Dose–Response Relationship between Environmental Exposure to Nickel and Pulmonary Function in the Korean General Population Aged 40 or Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Joon-Sung Joh ◽  
Mo-Yeol Kang ◽  
Jun-Pyo Myong
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Nickel Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

Nickel is a well-known skin allergen; however, few studies to date have investigated the association between nickel exposure and lung function impairment. The present study, therefore, evaluated the relationship between blood nickel concentrations and lung function profiles in the Korean general population (n = 1,098). Dose–response relationships between blood nickel quartiles and pulmonary function were assessed by sex in multivariate models, after adjustment for potentially confounding factors such as age, height, and smoking status. Quartiles of blood nickel concentrations were significantly associated with markers of pulmonary function in Korean men, such as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow 25–75% (FEF25–75%). Relative to the first quartile, the estimated coefficients (standard error (SE)) of blood nickel levels for FEV1 in the third and fourth quartiles of Korean men were −126.6 mL (59.1) and −138.5 mL (59.8), respectively (p < 0.05). Relative to the first quartile, the estimated coefficients (SE) of blood nickel levels for FEF25–75% in the second and fourth quartiles were −244.9 mL (109.5) and −266.8 mL (111.5), respectively (p < 0.05). Dose–response relationships were observed between quartiles of blood nickel concentrations and the pulmonary function markers FEV1 and FEF25–75% in Korean men aged 40 or older.

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