Ancestry specific associations of a genetic risk score, dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal ARIC study

Abstract Background Associations have been observed among genetic variants, dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A gap in knowledge is whether a genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary patterns interact to increase MetS risk among African Americans. We investigated whether MetS risk was influenced by interaction between a GRS and dietary patterns among Whites and African Americans. A secondary aim examined if molecular genetic clusterings differed by racial ancestry. Methods We used longitudinal data over 4-visits (1987–1998) that included 10,681 participants aged 45–64y at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (8451 Whites and 2230 African Americans). We constructed a simple-count GRS as the linear weighted sum of high-risk alleles (0, 1, 2) from cardiovascular disease polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog associated with MetS risk. Three dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis of food frequency questionnaire data: Western, healthy, and high-fat dairy. MetS was defined according to the 2016 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria but used 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology criteria for elevated blood pressure. Analyses included generalized linear model risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Results The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher risk for MetS across increasing GRS tertiles among Whites (p < 0.017). The high-fat dairy pattern was protective against MetS, but its impact was most effective in the lowest GRS tertile in Whites (RR = 0.62; CI: 0.52–0.74) and African Americans (RR = 0.67; CI: 0.49–0.91). Among each racial group within GRS tertiles, the Western dietary pattern was associated with development and cycling of MetS status between visits, and the high-fat dairy pattern with being free from MetS (p < 0.017). The healthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of MetS among African Americans which may be explained by higher sucrose intake (p < 0.0001). Fewer genes, but more metabolic pathways for obesity, body fat distribution, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified in African Americans than Whites. Some polymorphisms were linked to the Western and high-fat dairy patterns. Conclusion The influence of dietary patterns on MetS risk appears to differ by genetic predisposition and racial ancestry.

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Ancestry Specific Associations of a Genetic Risk Score, Dietary Patterns and Metabolic Syndrome: A Longitudinal ARIC Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362376/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dale Sharon Hardy ◽

Susan B. Racette ◽

Jane T. Garvin ◽

Hirut T. Gebrekristos ◽

Tesfaye B. Mersha

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

African Americans ◽

Risk Score ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

High Fat ◽

Western Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background: Associations have been observed among genetic variants, dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A gap in knowledge is whether a genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary patterns interact to increase MetS risk among African Americans. We investigated whether MetS risk was influenced by interaction between a GRS and dietary patterns among Whites and African Americans. A secondary aim examined if molecular genetic clusterings differed by racial ancestry.Methods: We used longitudinal data over 4-visits (1987-1998) that included 10,681 participants aged 45-64y at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (8,451 Whites and 2,230 African Americans). We constructed a simple-count GRS as the linear weighted sum of high-risk alleles (0, 1, 2) from cardiovascular disease polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog associated with MetS risk. Three dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis of food frequency questionnaire data: Western, healthy, and high-fat dairy. MetS was defined according to the 2016 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria but used 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology criteria for elevated blood pressure. Analyses included generalized linear model risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.Results: The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher risk for MetS across increasing GRS tertiles among Whites (p<.017). The high-fat dairy pattern was protective against MetS, but its impact was most effective in the lowest GRS tertile in Whites (RR=0.62; CI:0.52-0.74) and African Americans (RR=0.67; CI:0.49-0.91). Among each racial group within GRS tertiles, the Western dietary pattern was associated with development and cycling of MetS status between visits, and the high-fat dairy pattern with being free from MetS (p<.017). The healthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of MetS among African Americans which may be explained by higher sucrose intake (p<.0001). Fewer genes, but more metabolic pathways for obesity, body fat distribution, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified in African Americans than Whites. Some polymorphisms were linked to the Western and high-fat dairy patterns.Conclusion: A dietary pattern characterized by high-fat dairy foods may be protective against MetS among individuals with a genetic predisposition.

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Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10070898 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 898 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Antonella Agodi ◽

Andrea Maugeri ◽

Sarka Kunzova ◽

Ondrej Sochor ◽

Hana Bauerova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

International Diabetes Federation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

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An obesity genetic risk score is associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese children

Gene ◽

10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 535 (2) ◽

pp. 299-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Xiaoyuan Zhao ◽

Bo Xi ◽

Yue Shen ◽

Lijun Wu ◽

Dongqing Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Chinese Children

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A Western dietary pattern is prospectively associated with cardio-metabolic traits and incidence of the metabolic syndrome

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451800079x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (10) ◽

pp. 1168-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Isabel Drake ◽

Emily Sonestedt ◽

Ulrika Ericson ◽

Peter Wallström ◽

Marju Orho-Melander

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Metabolic Traits ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Response Variables

AbstractThe aim of this study was to derive dietary patterns associated with cardio-metabolic traits and to examine whether these predict prospective changes in these traits and incidence of the metabolic syndrome (iMetS). Subjects from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cardiovascular cohort without cardio-metabolic disease and related drug treatments at baseline (n 4071; aged 45–67 years, 40 % men) were included. We applied reduced rank regression on thirty-eight foods to derive patterns that explain variation in response variables measured at baseline (waist circumference, TAG, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin). Patterns were examined in relation to change in cardio-metabolic traits and iMetS in subjects who were re-examined after 16·7 years (n 2704). Two dietary patterns (‘Western’ and ‘Drinker’) were retained and explained 3·2 % of the variation in response variables. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol and positively with all other response variables (both at baseline and follow-up), but there was no association with LDL at follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ‘Western’ dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of iMetS (hazard ratio Q4 v. Q1: 1·47; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·77; Ptrend=1·5×10−5). The ‘Drinker’ dietary pattern primarily explained variation in HDL and was not associated with iMetS. In conclusion, this study supports current food-based dietary guidelines suggesting that a ‘Western’ dietary pattern with high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and red and processed meats and low intakes of wine, cheese, vegetables and high-fibre foods is associated with detrimental effects on cardio-metabolic health.

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A posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018000216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 1681-1692 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽

Mahdieh Golzarand ◽

Mina Hajimohammadi ◽

Sara Mansouri

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

A Posteriori ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveObservational studies reported potential associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, a consistent perspective has not been established to date. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns and MetS by pooling available data.DesignMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles published up to July 2015 with no time restriction and with English language restriction. Two independent reviewers completed study selection and data extraction. Random-effects models (DerSimonian–Laird method) were used to pool effect sizes of eligible studies. The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsNineteen papers that identified dietary patterns using an a posteriori method were selected and included in the meta-analysis. The ‘Healthy/Prudent’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of MetS (OR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·94, P=0·002). In contrast, the ‘Unhealthy/Western’ dietary pattern had a significant positive association with risk of MetS (OR=1·16; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·22, P<0·001).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a healthy/prudent dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of MetS, while an unhealthy/Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of MetS. These data suggest that a diet based on healthy food choices is also beneficial for prevention of MetS.

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Interaction Effect of the Mediterranean Diet and an Obesity Genetic Risk Score on Adiposity and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123841 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3841

Author(s):

Miguel Seral-Cortes ◽

Sergio Sabroso-Lasa ◽

Pilar De Miguel-Etayo ◽

Marcela Gonzalez-Gross ◽

Eva Gesteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Risk Score ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Mediterranean

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are worldwide major health challenges. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a better cardiometabolic profile, but these beneficial effects may be influenced by genetic variations, modulating the predisposition to obesity or MetS. The aim was to assess whether interaction effects occur between an obesity genetic risk score (obesity-GRS) and the MD on adiposity and MetS in European adolescents. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the interaction effects of an obesity-GRS and the MD on adiposity and MetS and its components. Interaction effects between the MD on adiposity and MetS were observed in both sex groups (p < 0.05). However, those interaction effects were only expressed in a certain number of adolescents, when a limited number of risk alleles were present. Regarding adiposity, a total of 51.1% males and 98.7% females had lower body mass index (BMI) as a result of higher MD adherence. Concerning MetS, only 9.9% of males with higher MD adherence had lower MetS scores. However, the same effect was observed in 95.2% of females. In conclusion, obesity-related genotypes could modulate the relationship between MD adherence and adiposity and MetS in European adolescents; the interaction effect was higher in females than in males.

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Abstract 175: Performance of a Multilocus Genetic Risk Score Derived from Top Signals in the Cardiogram+C4d Consortium in Predicting Incident Coronary Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.32.suppl_1.a175 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Themistocles L Assimes ◽

Benjamin Goldstein ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Prediction ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Association Studies ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Genotype Information ◽

Atherosclerosis Risk

Genome wide association studies (GWAS) to date have identified 30 CAD susceptibility loci but the ability to use this information to improve risk prediction remains limited. A meta-analysis of the GWAS and Cardio Metabochip data produced by the CARDIoGRAM+C4D consortium representing 63,253 cases and 126,820 controls has identified 1885 SNPs passing a False Discovery Rate (FDR) threshold of 0.5%. We hypothesized that an expanded multi locus genetic risk score (GRS) incorporating genotype information at all loci below an FDR of 0.5% would perform better than a GRS restricted to 42 loci reaching genome wide significance and tested this hypothesis in subjects of European ancestry participating in the Atherosclerosis Risk in the Community (ARIC) study. Models testing the GRS were either minimally (age and sex) or fully adjusted for traditional risk factors (TRFs). The Figure shows the hazard ratio (HZ) and 95% CI for incident events comparing each quintile of GRS to the middle quintile. The GRS including genotype information at all loci with an FDR of 0.5% noticeably improves risk prediction over the GRS restricted to genome wide significant loci in both the minimally and fully adjusted models based on several metrics including i) HR per GRS quintile, ii) the HR per SD of the GRS, and iii) the logistic regression pseudo R2, and iv) the c statistic. The HR per GRS quintile and per SD of GRS were all lower in the fully adjusted models compared to the respective minimally adjusted models but the reduction of the HR was more striking for the models that tested the more expansive GRS. These findings suggest that a larger proportion of novel GWAS CAD loci are mediating their effects through TRFs. While these findings demonstrate some progress in risk prediction using GWAS loci, both the limited and the expanded GRS continues to explain a relatively small proportion of the overall variance compared to TRF. Thus, the clinical utility of a CAD GRS remains to be determined.

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Association between anti-oxidant genetic risk score and metabolic syndrome in THAI subjects

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.06.259 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 263 ◽

pp. e78-e80

Author(s):

Chatri Settasatian ◽

Nongnuch Settasatian ◽

Nisa Decharatchakul ◽

Ingkarat Sarutipaiboon ◽

Rujikorn Rattanatum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Thai Subjects ◽

Anti Oxidant

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Replication of a genetic risk score for venous thromboembolism in whites but not in African Americans

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1111/jth.13193 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. R. Folsom ◽

W. Tang ◽

L.-C. Weng ◽

N. S. Roetker ◽

M. Cushman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

African Americans ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score

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The Relationship of Dietary Pattern and Genetic Risk Score with the Incidence of Dyslipidemia: 14-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3840

Author(s):

Seon-Joo Park ◽

Myung-Sunny Kim ◽

Sang-Woon Choi ◽

Hae-Jeung Lee

Keyword(s):

Risk Score ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Food Groups ◽

Whole Grain ◽

The Relationship

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between dietary pattern and genetic risk score (GRS) for dyslipidemia risk among Korean adults. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia defined as total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL and triglyceride ≥200 mg/dL or use dyslipidemia medication. The GRS was calculated by summing the risk alleles of the selected seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to dyslipidemia. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis based on the frequency of 36 food groups, “whole grain and soybean products” pattern, “meat, fish and vegetables” pattern, and “bread and noodle” pattern were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. High intake of a “whole grain and soybean products” pattern decreased risks of hypercholesterolemia (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72–0.93, p for trend = 0.0006) and hypertriglyceridemia (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.97, p for trend = 0.0344). In the highest tertile of GRS, the “whole grain and soybean products” pattern was inversely related to hypercholesterolemia risk. Therefore, for people with genotypes that can cause hypercholesterolemia, eating whole grains and soybean products may have a meaningful response, these results could be utilized for genome-based nutrition management.

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