scholarly journals Comparison of physical effect between two training methods for individuals with substance use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yan-guang ◽  
Chen Jing-yi ◽  
Pang Xiao-Wu ◽  
Shen Meng-lu ◽  
Yang Su-yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Push Up

Abstract Background HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD. Methods One hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months). Results The within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P < 0.001,η2 = 0.204), diastolic BP (F(4,336) = 9.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.16), VC (F(4,336) = 18.121, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.177), hand grip (F(4,336) = 34.815, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.293), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) = 13.871, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.142), push-up (F(4,336) = 28.805, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.255), one-leg standing with eyes closed (F(4,336) = 14.495, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.156) and choice reaction time (F(4,336) = 20.603, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.197). The craving level decreased after 12 months of intervention in both groups (F(2,168) = 11.25, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.118), but no significant differences in physical fitness and craving level were found in between groups and the interactions of group × time. Conclusions After 12 months of intervention, physical fitness improved while craving level decreased in the two groups. These findings suggest that both HIIT and MICT have positive effects on individuals with SUD in terms of physical fitness. Trial registration ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: Registered 27th March, 2019.

scholarly journals Comparison of Physical Effect Between Two Training Methods for Individuals With Substance Use Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanguang yang ◽  
Jing-yi Chen ◽  
Xiao-wu Pang ◽  
Meng-lu Shen ◽  
Su-yong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Push Up

Abstract Background: High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. It is not clear whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) than that of Moderate-intensity continuous Training (MICT). The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD.Methods: A total 120 individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependent from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center voluntarily took part in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (experimental group) and MICT group (control group). The subjects in experimental group received HIIT training three times a week (80%-85%HRMax, 60min). The exercise included rope jumping, running, weight training and basketball game. The subjects from control group received MICT 3 times a week (60%HRMax, 60min), including Tai Chi, mind-body exercise and recreation activity. Physical fitness assessment were performed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months exercise intervention including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity (VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg-stand with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the visual analog scale （VAS）at the baseline, 6 months and 12 months. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to test whether the intervention were different after 12 months.Results: The within-group factor displayed significant changes in HIIT and MICT groups in terms of the systolic BP (F (4,336) =12.799), diastolic BP (F(4,336) =9.495), VC (F(4,336)=18.121), hand grip (F(4,336)=34.815), sit-and-reach (F(4,336) =13.871), choice reaction time (F(4,336) =20.603), one-leg-stand with eyes closed (F(4,336) =14.495) and push-up (F(4,336) =28.805). The craving level decreased after 12 months intervention in both groups (F(2,168) =11.25, P<0.001), but there was not significant differences between HIIT and MICT group.Conclusion: Both HIIT and MICT can promote the physical fitness rehabilitation for individuals with SUD. Clinical Trials Registry: ChiCTR1900022158 Chinese Clinical Trial Registry

Assessment and Training of Visuomotor Reaction Time for Football Injury Prevention

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary B. Wilkerson ◽  
Kevin A. Simpson ◽  
Ryan A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
And Training

Context:Neurocognitive reaction time has been associated with musculoskeletal injury risk, but visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) derived from tests that present greater challenges to visual stimulus detection and motor response execution may have a stronger association.Objective:To assess VMRT as a predictor of injury and the extent to which improvement may result from VMRT training.Design:Cohort study.Setting:University athletic performance center.Participants:76 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I FCS football players (19.5 ± 1.4 y, 1.85 ± 0.06 m, 102.98 ± 19.06 kg).Interventions:Preparticipation and postseason assessments. A subset of players who exhibited slowest VMRT in relation to the cohort’s postseason median value participated in a 6-wk training program.Main Outcome Measures:Injury occurrence was related to preparticipation VMRT, which was represented by both number of target hits in 60 s and average elapsed time between hits (ms). Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the optimum cut point for a binary injury risk classification. A nonparametric repeated-measures analysis of ranks procedure was used to compare posttraining VMRT values for slow players who completed at least half of the training sessions (n = 15) with those for untrained fast players (n = 27).Results:A preparticipation cut point of ≤85 hits (≥705 ms) discriminated injured from noninjured players with odds ratio = 2.30 (90% confidence interval, 1.05–5.06). Slow players who completed the training exhibited significant improvement in visuomotor performance compared with baseline (standardized response mean = 2.53), whereas untrained players exhibited a small performance decrement (group × trial interaction effect, L2 = 28.74; P < .001).Conclusions:Slow VMRT appears to be an important and modifiable injury risk factor for college football players. More research is needed to refine visuomotor reaction-time screening and training methods and to determine the extent to which improved performance values can reduce injury incidence.

Short-Term Effect of Physical Exercise at Lactate Threshold on Choice Reaction Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kashihara ◽  
Yoshibumi Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Choice Reaction Task ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Reaction Task

The duration of the enhancement of choice reaction task efficiency by physical exercise at lactate threshold was studied. After healthy male students completed the exercise or nonexercise (control) period for 10 min., they performed a three-choice reaction task for 20 min. The mean heart rate during the choice reaction task after the exercise was higher than that after the control period ( p<.05). For average percentage of correct answers, there were no significant differences between the exercise and control conditions. The reaction time during the first 8 min. of the 20-min. choice reaction task after the exercise period was less than that after the control period and increased gradually thereafter. In conclusion, whereas the choice reaction time was improved by physical exercise at around lactate threshold, the positive effects were seen mainly in the early stages of the task.

Repeated Measures on a Choice Reaction Time Task

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Krause
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Learning Effects ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Enlisted Men ◽  
Practice Trials

The current investigation examined a visual choice reaction time (CRT) task to determine its suitability for repeated measures experimentation. Fifteen Navy enlisted men served as subjects for one-, two-, and four-choice reaction time conditions. Fifty trials on each condition were administered for 15 consecutive workdays. Reaction time (RT), movement time (MT), and total time (TT) were recorded for each trial. Results indicated that across all RT conditions, intersession correlations were differentially stable by about Day 8, with reliabilities around .71. Means remained unchanged over the stable days and variances remained constant across all 15 days of the experiment for the RT measure. It was concluded that studies using RT as the dependent variable should allow for sufficient RT practice prior to data collection to ensure that the results are not contaminated by learning effects. It is recommended that at least 1000 practice trials be given prior to using an RT task to assess the effects of an environment.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on Visual Choice Reaction Time for Different Colors in Females

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grrishma Balakrishnan ◽  
Gurunandan Uppinakudru ◽  
Gaur Girwar Singh ◽  
Shobith Bangera ◽  
Aswini Dutt Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Security Guards ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Undergraduate Female

Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person’s central information processing speed and coordinated peripheral movement response. Visual choice reaction time is a type of reaction time and is very important for drivers, pilots, security guards, and so forth. Previous studies were mainly on simple reaction time and there are very few studies on visual choice reaction time. The aim of our study was to compare the visual choice reaction time for red, green, and yellow colors of 60 healthy undergraduate female volunteers. After giving adequate practice, visual choice reaction time was recorded for red, green, and yellow colors using reaction time machine (RTM 608, Medicaid, Chandigarh). Repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison were used for analysis andP<0.05was considered statistically significant. The results showed that both red and green had significantly less choice visual choice reaction (Pvalues<0.0001and 0.0002) when compared with yellow. This could be because individual color mental processing time for yellow color is more than red and green.

Expertise and Age Effects on Pilot Mental Workload in a Simulated Aviation Task

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Lassiter ◽  
Daniel G. Morrow ◽  
Gary E. Hinson ◽  
Michael Miller ◽  
David Z. Hambrick
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Two Measures

This study investigated the effects of expertise and age on cognitive resources relevant to mental workload of pilots engaged in simulated aviation tasks. A secondary task workload assessment methodology was used, with a PC-based flying task as the primary task, and a Sternberg choice reaction time task as the secondary task. A mixed design using repeated measures was employed, with age and expertise as between-subjects factors and workload as the within-subjects factor. Pilots ranging in age from 21 to 79 years and 28 to 11,817 hours of flight time served as subjects. Of interest was whether expertise would mitigate the adverse effect of aging on pilots' mental workload handling ability as defined by two measures of secondary task performance: choice reaction time and accuracy. Results indicated that expertise did mitigate the effects of age regarding secondary task accuracy. Implications of results are discussed, and directions for future research are presented.

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