scholarly journals Maternal antibiotic treatment affects offspring gastric sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation in the pig

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trevisi ◽  
D. Luise ◽  
F. Correa ◽  
S. Messori ◽  
M. Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Relative Gene

Abstract Background Scarce is knowledge on the process regulating the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling, and chemosensing in the stomach of young pigs. Changes of early microbial encounters by suckling pigs can interact with the gut maturation, by the induction of different molecular signaling. Our goal was to assess if the age of offspring and the maternal environment, influenced by sow antibiotic treatment peripartum, could affect gastric morphology and the expression of genes involved in the control of hydrochloric secretion, feed intake, taste, and inflammation in offspring stomach. Methods 84 pigs from sows fed a diet with amoxicillin (on –d10 to +d21 from farrowing, ANT) or without (CON) were sacrificed at d14, d21, d28 (weaning) or d42. Samples of oxyntic (OXY), pyloric (PY) and cardiac mucosae close to OXY were collected and parietal and enteroendocrine cells (EECs) were counted. Relative gene expression of a set of 11 key genes (ATP4A, SSTR2, GAST, GHRL, MBOAT4, PCSK1, GNAT1, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, IL8 and TNF) was assessed by qRT-PCR. In addition, 40 offspring obtained from the same ANT and CON sows were offered a normal or a fat-enriched diet for 4 weeks between 140 and 169 d of age, and then OXY and PY were sampled. Results The number of parietal and EECs increased with age (P < 0.001). ATP4A increased with age (within suckling, P = 0.043, post-weaning vs. suckling, P < 0.001), SSTR2 increased only after weaning (P < 0.001). In OXY, GHRL increased during suckling (P = 0.012), and post-weaning as a trend (P = 0.088). MBOAT4 tended to increase during suckling (P = 0.062). TAS1R1 increased from suckling to post-weaning period (P =0.001) and was lower in ANT offspring (P = 0.013). GNAT1 in PY was higher in ANT offspring (P = 0.041). Antibiotic treatment of sows peripartum increased expression of GHRL and MBOAT4 in OXY of growing-finishing offspring aged 5 months. Conclusions Data show that sensing for umami taste and ghrelin regulation can be affected by maternal environment, but the development of acid secretion, orexigenic signaling and taste perception in the stomach are mostly developmentally controlled.

Upregulation of collagens detected by gene array in a model of flow-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. H414-H422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meetha Medhora ◽  
Michael Bousamra ◽  
Daling Zhu ◽  
Lewis Somberg ◽  
Elizabeth R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Gene Array ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Induced Changes

We recently reported localized increased pulmonary arterial resistance, neointimal lesions, and medial thickening induced by aortopulmonary anastomosis in young pigs. This model was used to investigate changes in expression of genes potentially involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling employing a high throughput Atlas Human Cardiovascular Array carrying ∼600 cardiovascular-related cDNA sequences. Data were confirmed by Northern analysis, Western blots, and histological examination. With the use of lower stringency conditions for hybridization, 56% of the 588 human genes on the array showed visible signal after autoradiography. Approximately 10% of the genes with visible hybridization were altered by shunt-induced high flow. Extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules were the most highly represented group of upregulated genes. To our knowledge, our data are the first to demonstrate flow-induced changes in gene expression using a combination of cross species cDNA arrays, homologous hybridization, immunospecific protein, and histology. Our observations expand the list of genes as putative candidates in pulmonary vascular remodeling and support the utility of cross-species microarray analysis in such applications.

scholarly journals Semen Modulates the Expression of NGF, ABHD2, VCAN, and CTEN in the Reproductive Tract of Female Rabbits

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Gardela ◽  
Amaia Jauregi-Miguel ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Manel Lopez-Bejar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Mating Experiment ◽  
Maternal Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Ngf Gene

Semen changes the gene expression in endometrial and oviductal tissues modulating important processes for reproduction. We tested the hypothesis that mating and/or sperm-free seminal plasma deposition in the reproductive tract affect the expression of genes associated with sperm-lining epithelium interactions, ovulation, and pre-implantation effects (nerve growth factor, NGF; α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2, ABHD2; C-terminal tensin-like protein, CTEN or TNS4; and versican, VCAN) in the period 10–72 h post-mating. In Experiment 1, does (n = 9) were treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (control), GnRH-stimulated, and vaginally infused with sperm-free seminal plasma (SP-AI), or GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated (NM). In Experiment 2, does (n = 15) were GnRH-stimulated and naturally mated. Samples were retrieved from the internal reproductive tracts (cervix-to-infundibulum) 20 h post-treatment (Experiment 1) or sequentially collected at 10, 24, 36, 68, or 72 h post-mating (Experiment 2, 3 does/period). All samples were processed for gene expression analysis by quantitative PCR. Data showed an upregulation of endometrial CTEN and NGF by NM, but not by SP-AI. The findings suggest that the NGF gene affects the reproductive tract of the doe during ovulation and beyond, influencing the maternal environment during early embryonic development.

scholarly journals Variation in umami taste perception in the German and Norwegian population

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1248-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Singh ◽  
B Schuster ◽  
H-S Seo
Keyword(s):  
Taste Perception ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Norwegian Population

scholarly journals Increased Environment-Related Metabolism and Genetic Expression in the In Vitro Matured Mouse Oocytes by Transcriptome Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Lin Zhang ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Jia-Qian Ju ◽  
Zhen-Nan Pan ◽  
Jing-Cai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Dna Replication And Repair ◽  
Relative Gene

Infertility in humans at their reproductive age is a world-wide problem. Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is generally used in such cases to acquire the embryo in assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, the differences between an in vivo (IVO) and IVM culture environment in the RNA expression profile in oocytes, remains unclear. In this study, we compared the global RNA transcription pattern of oocytes from in vitro and in vivo maturation. Our results showed that 1,864 genes differentially expressed between the IVO and IVM oocytes. Among these, 1,638 genes were up-regulated, and 226 genes were down-regulated, and these changes were mainly divided into environmental adaption, metabolism, and genetic expression. Our detailed analysis showed that the expression of genes that belonged to metabolism-related processes such as energy metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism was changed; and these genes also belonged to organismal systems including environmental adaptation and the circulatory system; moreover, we also found that the relative gene expression of genetic expression processes, such as protein synthesis, modification, and DNA replication and repair were also altered. In conclusion, our data suggests that in vitro maturation of mouse oocyte resulted in metabolism and genetic expression changes due to environmental changes compared with in vivo matured oocytes.

scholarly journals The Rice NRT2.4 Alters Metabolism and Nitrogen Uptake through Root Modulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Fabiane Faria de Souza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Bucher ◽  
Leilson Novaes Arruda ◽  
Rafael Passos Rangel ◽  
Leandro Azevedo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Relative Gene ◽  
Relative Gene Expression Level

Abstract Purpose The expression patterns of the NRT2 genes have been well described, however, it is not well known the role of OsNRT2.4 in root growth. In this study we thus aimed at investigating the role of high-affinity NO3- transport OsNRT2.4 in NO3--regulated and the modulation of root growth.Methods Through the gene silencing technique amiRNA-mediated we successfully obtained osnrt2.4 knockdown lines to study the role of OsNRT2.4 on root growth under low nitrate conditions. We performed real time RT-PCR analysis to investigate the relative gene expression level in root and shoot, soluble metabolites, and measurement of root system.Results Knockdown of OsNRT2.4 did not affect rice growth. In comparison with wild-type (WT) plants showed that knockdown of OsNRT2.4 inhibited root formation under low NO3- supply. We demonstrated that the mutant lines had significantly increased NO3- uptake than WT plants when growth in different nitrate supply; osnrt2.4 knockdown lines showed an alteration in nitrogen metabolism, and this affected the root growth. The downregulation of OsNRT2.4 enhanced the expression of genes response of low external NO3- concentrations.Conclusion Herein we provide new insights in OsNRT2.4 functions. Our data demonstrated that OsNRT2.4 plays a role in root growth, nitrogen metabolic pathway and probably have functions in nitrate transport from root to shoot under low nitrate availability in rice.

scholarly journals Sweet and Umami Taste Perception Differs with Habitual Exercise in Males

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Feeney ◽  
Laura Leacy ◽  
Mark O’Kelly ◽  
Niamh Leacy ◽  
Abbie Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Habitual Exercise

Taste is influenced by several factors. However, whether habitual exercise level is associated with differences in taste perception has received little investigation. The aim of this study was to determine if habitual exercise is associated with differences in taste perception in men. Active (n = 16) and inactive (n = 14) males, between ages 18–55, underwent two days of sensory testing, using prototypical taste stimuli of high and low concentrations for sweet, salt, bitter, sour, umami, and carbohydrate (maltodextrin). Mean perceived intensity and hedonic ratings were recorded. Eating behaviour was assessed by the three factor eating questionnaire and food intake by EPIC food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). There were moderate to large differences between the two groups in perceived intensity for sweet taste at the high concentration and umami taste at both high and low concentrations, with active males recording a higher perceived intensity (p < 0.05 for all). The active group also recorded a greater dislike for umami low and carbohydrate low concentration (p < 0.01). Salt, bitter and sour perception did not significantly differ between the two groups. FFQ analysis showed no difference in % energy from macronutrients between the groups. Eating behaviour traits correlated with sweet taste intensity and umami taste liking, independent of activity status. Results indicated that sweet and umami taste perception differ in active compared to inactive males. Habitual exercise level should be considered in taste perception research and in product development. Whether differences in taste perception could be one factor influencing food intake and thus energy balance with habitual exercise warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Type 1 Taste Receptors in Taste and Metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kochem
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Taste Receptors ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Insulin Regulation ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Our sense of taste allows us to evaluate the nutritive value of foods prior to ingesting them. Sweet taste signals the presence of sugars, and savory taste signals the presence of amino acids. The ability to identify these macronutrients in foods was likely crucial for the survival of our species when nourishing food sources were sparse. In modern, industrialized settings, taste perception continues to play an important role in human health as we attempt to prevent and treat conditions stemming from overnutrition. Recent research has revealed that type 1 taste receptors (T1Rs), which are largely responsible for sweet and umami taste, may also influence the absorption and metabolism of the foods we eat. Preliminary research shows that T1Rs contribute to intestinal glucose absorption, blood sugar and insulin regulation, and the body's responses to excessive energy intake. In light of these findings, T1Rs have come to be understood as nutrient sensors, among other roles, that facilitate the selection, digestion, and metabolism of foods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document