scholarly journals Composition and biological activities of the aqueous extracts of three scleractinian corals from the Mexican Caribbean: Pseudodiploria strigosa, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea siderea

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro García-Arredondo ◽  
Alejandra Rojas-Molina ◽  
César Ibarra-Alvarado ◽  
Fernando Lazcano-Pérez ◽  
Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Mexican Caribbean

scholarly journals Coverage Increases of Porites astreoides in Grenada Determined by Shifts in Size-Frequency Distribution

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Eagleson ◽  
John S. Lumsden ◽  
Lorenzo Álvarez-Filip ◽  
Christophe M. Herbinger ◽  
Ryan A. Horricks
Keyword(s):  
Coral Community ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Caribbean

Despite coral community collapse, the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) is a species currently experiencing success throughout the Caribbean. The inshore reefs of Grenada were selected to study the influence of benthic factors on the abundance, size, and coverage of P. astreoides colonies. Surveys of reef communities along established 30 m transects were conducted at eight sites in 2014 and 2017 using a 0.5 m² quadrat. Coral Point Count was used to annotate the images, estimating the coverage of scleractinian corals, sponges, algae, and benthic substrates. Coverage, size, and abundance of P. astreoides colonies were quantified using the area measurement tool in ImageJ standardized against the quadrats. There were significant differences in benthic community assemblages between islands, selected sites, and between years. From 2014 to 2017 there was a significant decrease in the mean abundance of P. astreoides colonies and significant increases in mean colony size and coverage. The presence of P. astreoides colonies was significantly correlated with: rubble (−), sand (−); pavement (+); macroalgae (−); coralline algae (+); sponges (varying response); gorgonians (−); massive corals (+); and branching corals (−). P. astreoides follows similar recruitment patterns as other scleractinian corals. Observed changes in P. astreoides populations appear to indicate a recovery event following a disturbance, potentially tropical storm Chantal in 2013.

scholarly journals ENSAMBLES DE MACROALGAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES MUERTAS DE CORALES ESCLERACTINIOS (ANTHOZOA: SCLERACTINIA) EN EL ARRECIFE ORO VERDE, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
IVONNE LUNA ORTEGA ◽  
VICENCIO DE LA CRUZ FRANCISCO
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Porites Astreoides ◽  
Orbicella Faveolata ◽  
Ordination Analysis ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Filamentous Macroalgae ◽  
Algal Assemblages ◽  
Montastraea Cavernosa

Las macroalgas son abundantes en el arrecife Oro Verde, Veracruz pero, hasta ahora, se desconocía su riqueza taxonómica, y se presume que presentan asentamientos en los corales escleractinios hermatípicos. Por ello el presente trabajo investigó qué especies de corales presentaron colonizaciones algales; además, se determinó la composición taxonómica y la similitud de los ensambles de macroalgas entre las especies de corales escleractinios. Se establecieron diez puntos de muestreo de manera sistemática en el arrecife; en cada lugar de estudio se colocó un transecto de banda de 50 x 2 m para localizar y recolectar macroalgas en superficies muertas de corales escleractinios. La frecuencia de aparición de las algas se estimó con base en el total de corales estudiados, así como para cada especie coral. Para explicar similitudes y diferencias significativas de la composición de ensamblajes macroalgales entre especies de corales se aplicaron análisis de similitud y ordenación. Los corales escleractinios con ensambles de algas fueron Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. De un total de 100 colonias coralinas revisadas se determinaron 32 especies de macroalgas, las cuales están representadas en tres divisiones, 10 órdenes y 15 familias. Las macroalgas corticadas, foliosas corticadas y filamentosas fueron las más representadas en especies. Las algas de mayor frecuencia sobre los corales masivos fueron Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida y Caulerpa chemnitzia. Los corales masivos con mayor número de registros de algas fueron S. siderea (9 especies), M. cavernosa (19) y P. strigosa (17). Los ensambles algales en los corales masivos presentaron baja similitud, sin embargo no se detectaron grupos significativamente disimiles. Solamente S. siderea y M. cavernosa son ligeramente parecidos en la composición ficológica. Los resultados sugieren que los corales masivos del arrecife Oro Verde son vulnerables a la colonización de algas, pero es necesario indagar qué condiciones preceden al asentamiento algal.Macroalgal assemblages on dead surfaces of scleractinian corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) in the Oro Verde reef, Veracruz, MexicoBenthic macroalgae are abundant in the Oro Verde reef but their taxonomic richness was hitherto unknown and it is presumed to present settlements on the massive corals. For this reason, the present work investigated which species of massive corals show algal colonization. Also, their taxonomic composition was determined, and the similarity of the algal assemblages between species of scleractinian corals was measured. Ten sampling points were systematically established in the reef, where a transect band of 50 x 2 m at each site was placed to locate and collect algae fron the dead surfaces of scleractinian corals. The frequency of occurrence of algae species was estimated based on the total number of coral species studied, as well as on each coral species. Similarity and ordination analysis were applied in order to explain similarities and significant differences of the phycological composition among the coral species. Scleractinian corals with algal assemblages were: Siderastrea siderea, Montastraea cavernosa, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Colpophylia natans, Stephanocoenia intersepta, Porites astreoides, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata. Thirty-two species of algae were identified from a total of 100 revised coral colonies which are represented in 3 divisions, 10 orders and 15 families. The corticated, foliose corticated and filamentous macroalgae were the most represented species. The most frequent algae on massive corals were Laurencia obtusa, Amphiroa rigida and Caulerpa chemnitzia. Massive corals with higher algal records were S. siderea (9 species), M. cavernosa (19 species) and P. strigosa (17 species). The algal assemblages on the massive corals presented low similarity. However, no significant dissimilar groups were detected. Only S. siderea and M. cavernosa are relatively similar in phycological composition. The results suggest that the massive corals of the Oro Verde reef are vulnerable to the colonization of algae, but it is necessary to investigate the conditions preceding algal settlement.

scholarly journals Study the Effects of Olive Leaves Extracts in the activity of the enzyme GOT and their Biological Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
Olive Leaves

The olive tree, has been used it is important plant for the time being some of their parts on a large scale in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and stimulate circulation . Moreover, it is used as antibacterial material and also to address some of the respiratory system, diabetes, food preservation osteoporosis. This study involved the collection of olive leaves from different areas in Baghdad / Iraq. These leaves have been harvested, wash it, then dried and crushed, where the study aimed to identify the active ingredients and chemical elements in the olive leaf as well as its effect on the action of GOT enzyme .The study showed that the aqueous extracts (cold and hot) of the olive leaves powder are acidic in nature pH values are of (5.74 and 5.40) for the aqueous extracts hot and cold respectively. Study revealed the extract contain the a collection of Glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, resins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes and compound Alaolurobin. The study also showed ability to activate the enzyme GOT in cold aqueous extract (8.36%). and the percentage (27.35%) of hot aqueous extract. That can be analyzed to the presence of higher concentrations of the active compounds in hot aqueous extract compared with cold aqueous extract especially tannins working to activate enzymes carrier in the cell membrane in the body. The study showed that the analysis of thin layer chromatography, liquid high-performance, ( TLC, HPLC) in extract compounds of phenols olive leaf using a mixture (chloroform, acetic acid) and a 2:5 was more impact in the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, while less impact in a negative Gram Salmonella typhimurium. As proved accurate analysis of the chemical elements in powder of plant leaf olive tree and at different concentrations contain of chemical elements Major estimated by (g /kg) and trace estimated by (mg/kg). Since the existence of these elements led to increasing of enzymatic effectiveness through an increase process of activity the enzyme (GOT), which plays role of important in our bodies being gives indication of the nature of the work and effectiveness of the activity of some members of the body (liver, kidney, pancreas, etc.).

scholarly journals Metabolic Profile and Evaluation of Biological Activities of Extracts from the Stems of Cissus trifoliata

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Méndez-López ◽  
Elvira Garza-González ◽  
María Yolanda Ríos ◽  
M. Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros ◽  
Laura Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
High Cytotoxic Activity

Cissus trifoliata (L.) L belongs to the Vitaceae family and is an important medicinal plant used in Mexico for the management of infectious diseases and tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the metabolic profile of the stems of C. trifoliata and to correlate the results with their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. The hexane extract was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the CHCl3-MeOH and aqueous extracts by ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of fly mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS). The antibacterial activity was determined by broth microdilution and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTS cell proliferation assay. Forty-six metabolites were putatively identified from the three extracts. Overall, terpenes, flavonoids and stilbenes characterize the metabolic profile. No antibacterial activity was found in any extract against the fifteen bacteria strains tested (MIC >500 µg/mL). However, high cytotoxic activity (IC50 ≤ 30 µg/mL) was found in the hexane and aqueous extracts against hepatocarcinoma and breast cancer cells (Hep3B, HepG2 and MCF7). This is the first report of the bioactive compounds of C. trifoliata stems and their antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. The metabolic profile rich in anticancer compounds correlate with the cytotoxic activity of the extracts from the stems of C. trifoliata. This study shows the antitumor effects of this plant used in the traditional medicine and justifies further research of its anticancer activity.

scholarly journals Effects of stigmata maydis on the methicillin resistantStaphylococus aureusbiofilm formation

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6461
Author(s):  
Fei Shang ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Lumin Yu ◽  
Jingtian Ni ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Mrsa Strains

BackgroundMastitis is an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland tissue, which causes huge losses to dairy farms throughout the world.Staphylococcus aureusis the most frequent agent associated with this disease.Staphylococcus aureusisolates, which have the ability to form biofilms, usually lead to chronic mastitis in dairy cows. Moreover, methicillin resistance of the bacteria further complicates the treatment of this disease. Stigmata maydis (corn silk), a traditional Chinese medicine, possess many biological activities.MethodsIn this study, we performed antibacterial activity assays, biofilm formation assays and real-time reverse transcription PCR experiments to investigate the effect of stigmata maydis (corn silk) on biofilm formation and vancomycin susceptibility of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from dairy cows with mastitis.ResultsIn this study, the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibited the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increased the vancomycin susceptibility of the strains under biofilm-cultured conditions.ConclusionThis study proves that the aqueous extracts of stigmata maydis inhibit the biofilm formation ability of MRSA strains and increase the vancomycin susceptibility of the MRSA strains under biofilm-cultured conditions.

scholarly journals The potential of aqueous extracts of Bellucia dichotoma Cogn. (Melastomataceae) to inhibit the biological activities of Bothrops atrox venom: A comparison of specimens collected in the states of Pará and Amazonas, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Mourão de Moura ◽  
Luana Yamille Andrade de Souza ◽  
Noranathan da Costa Guimarães ◽  
Ilia Gilmara Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
Patrícia Danielle Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bothrops Atrox

scholarly journals Influence of Gender and Age of Brown Seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) on Biochemical Activities of Its Aqueous Extracts

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Diogo Nunes ◽  
Rebeca André ◽  
Asma Ressaissi ◽  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
Ricardo Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Compound Identification

Fucus vesiculosus L. is a common coastal brown seaweed associated with various benefits to human health due to its phenolic content and nutrients and is used as food through different methods of consumption. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the seaweed’s gender and growth stage on different types of biological activities as well as its chemical constitution and elements present. Akin to food preparation, aqueous extracts of the seaweed were prepared at 25 °C (salad) and 100 °C (soup). Biological activities were determined by measuring total phenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was used for compound identification, and elemental analysis was carried out by using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (TXRF). Older females and males had higher TPC compared to the new ones at 100 °C. Antioxidant activity depended on the extraction temperature but was higher for the youngest male at 100 °C. AChE inhibitory activity was higher for older males at 25 °C, but at 100 °C it was higher for older females. Primary metabolites and various phloroglucinol were the main compounds identified. Additionally, since this seaweed is often harvested in estuarine systems with high anthropogenic impacts, its safety was evaluated through the evaluation of the sample’s metal content. The heavy metals detected are within the limits established by various regulating entities, pointing to a safe food source.

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