scholarly journals Assessment of disposal practices of expired and unused medications among community pharmacies in Anambra State southeast Nigeria: a mixed study design

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iweh Michael ◽  
Brian Ogbonna ◽  
Nduka Sunday ◽  
Maureen Anetoh ◽  
Okonta Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
Mixed Study

scholarly journals Disposal practices for unused medications in New Zealand community pharmacies

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Tong ◽  
Barrie Peake ◽  
Rhiannon Braund
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Waste ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
Class B ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: One of the recommended methods for households to dispose of unused medications in many countries is to return them to community pharmacies. However, such a practice will only reduce the environmental levels of pharmaceuticals if the medications are also disposed of and destroyed properly by the pharmacies. AIM: This study reports the results of a questionnaire sent to New Zealand community pharmacists regarding disposal practices for unused or expired medications in their workplaces. METHODS: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was sent to 500 randomly selected community pharmacies from all areas of New Zealand. The participants were asked how they disposed of a variety of medications. In addition, participants were also asked about whether they knew how unused medications were destroyed if their pharmacy used a third-party contractor or distributor to dispose of them. RESULTS: Of the 265 respondents, 80.4% and 61.1% respectively reported that solid and semi-solid medications were removed by contractors. However liquid and Class B controlled drugs were predominantly disposed of down the pharmacy sink. Over 60% of the participating pharmacists indicated that they believed the contractors incinerated the collected pharmaceutical waste, and over 90% of the participating pharmacists indicated their wish for a state-run disposal and destruction system. DISCUSSION: Liquid medications and Class B controlled drugs, which were commonly reported to be disposed of down the sewerage system, may increase the potential for environmental pollution by pharmaceuticals in New Zealand. There is a need for increased environmental awareness amongst community pharmacists in New Zealand. KEYWORDS: Medication disposal; pharmaceutical waste; environment; excess medication; community pharmacist

scholarly journals ORAL HEALTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 680-684
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Sadaf Zahid ◽  
Anam Rafiq ◽  
Maham Bilal ◽  
Narmeen Ishaq
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Mixed Study ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Oral health is considered as being free from any kind of oraldisease. Objectives: To explore the LAYMAN’S PERSPECTIVE regarding oral health, hisawareness about oral diseases. To examine their attitude and beliefs regarding the maintenanceof oral health. Study Design: We conducted mixed study on educated and uneducated people.Study Period: 01 May, 2016 to 01 May, 2017 Study Place: Punjab dental hospital, Lahore.Material & Methods: Qualitative method was used to collect knowledge and perspective ofuneducated people. Quantitative method was used to collect data from educated people. Weinterviewed uneducated people in differenst places of Lahore and questionnaires were filled byeducated people. Results: 58% of educated people and majority of uneducated people thinkthey should visit dentist only at the time of need. 73% educated people said bleeding gumsare indicative of oral disease, while majority of uneducated people said it does not indicateoral disease. Educated people were somewhat more aware of oral health and oral diseasewhile uneducated people were unaware of even maintenance of oral health and its importance.Conclusion: Education makes the difference. Educated people have more awareness aboutoral health. Still awareness is needed a lot.

scholarly journals Brazilian scientific production on pharmaceutical care from 1990 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Denise Ricetto Funchal-Witzel ◽  
Lia Lusitana Cardozo de Castro ◽  
Nicolina Silvana Romano-Lieber ◽  
Paulo Capel Narvai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Healthcare Teams ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Observational Study Design

Brazilian scientific production on pharmaceutical care was identified based on articles indexed on the Medline, Embase, Lilacs, Web of Science and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts databases. Sixty-three articles published in both national and international journals were retrieved. With regard to authors, 72.3% were from the Southeast and South Regions, and 60.8% were affiliated to public universities. In relation to the type of studies, 85.7% were descriptive, and the most frequently researched fields were community pharmacies, hospitals and primary health care units. Articles were original in 65.1% of cases, updates in 20.6%, and reviews in 7.9%. An increase in publications commenced in 2006. In 31.7% of cases, authors had adopted a bibliographical study design, 28.6% qualitative study, 23.8% intervention, and 15.9% observational study design. The most researched subjects were elderly with chronic diseases. The importance of stimulating the conducting of experimental and qualitative studies, as well as amplifying authorship affiliated with the service area, foreign authors and with research in a wide variety of practice settings were highlighted. Despite the limited quantity of articles, an increase in their number as well as in their scope and quality is expected, so as to create further knowledge that contributes to the recognition of pharmacists' actions by patient healthcare teams.

Socio-environmental assessment of a landfill using a mixed study design: A case study from México

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 42-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sánchez-Arias ◽  
H. Riojas-Rodríguez ◽  
M. Catalán-Vázquez ◽  
M.A. Terrazas-Meraz ◽  
I. Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Mixed Study

scholarly journals Evaluating an implementation programme for medication review with follow-up in community pharmacy using a hybrid effectiveness study design: translating evidence into practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036669
Author(s):  
Raquel Varas-Doval ◽  
Miguel A Gastelurrutia ◽  
Shalom I Benrimoj ◽  
Maria Jose Zarzuelo ◽  
Victoria Garcia-Cardenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cluster Rct ◽  
Level Group ◽  
Implementation Programme

ObjectivesTo evaluate an implementation programme of a community pharmacy medication review with follow-up (MRF) service using a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design, and to compare the clinical and humanistic outcomes with those in a previously conducted cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT).SettingCommunity pharmacies in Spain.Participants135 community pharmacies and 222 pharmacists providing MRF to polymedicated patients aged 65 or over.InterventionThe intervention was an implementation programme for the MRF service. A national level group was established, mirrored with a provincial level group. A series of interventions were defined (1) to engage pharmacy owners with the implementation model and (2) to provide training to pharmacists consisting of clinical case studies, process of MRF, communication skills and data collection methods and (3) practice change facilitators.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes for the implementation programme were progress, reach, fidelity and integration. The secondary outcomes were number of medications, non-controlled health problems, emergency visits, hospitalisations and health-related quality of life, which were compared with a previous 6-month cluster RCT.Results55% of pharmacies reached the implementation phase and 35.6% remained in the testing phase at 12 months. A reach of 89.3% (n=844) was achieved. Fidelity average score was 8.45 (min: 6.2, max: 9.3) out of 10. The integration mean score was 3.39 (SD: 0.72) out of 5. MRF service outcomes were similar to the cluster RCT study; however, the magnitude of the outcomes was delayed.ConclusionsThe implementation of pharmacy services is a complex multifactorial process, conditioned by numerous implementation factors. In the absence of remuneration, the implementation of the MRF service is a slow process, taking at least 12 months to complete.Trial registration numberCGFTRA-2017-01.

Dark and Peculiar

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović ◽  
Goran Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Psychosis Proneness ◽  
Negative Emotional Reaction ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Psychopathic Tendencies

Abstract. Earlier research suggested that militant extremists could have certain aspects of psychopathic and psychotic characteristics. Relying on these studies, we investigated whether the Militant Extremist Mind-Set (MEM) could be explained by psychopathy, sadism, and Disintegration (psychosis proneness), as subclinical manifestations of amoral, antisocial, and psychotic-like traits. In Study 1 (306 undergraduate students), it was shown that sadistic and psychopathic tendencies were related to Proviolence (advocating violence as a means for achieving a goal); psychopathic and disintegrative tendencies were associated to the Vile World (belief in a world as a corrupted and vile place), while Disintegration was the best predictor of Divine Power (relying on supernatural forces as a rationale for extremist acts). In Study 2 (147 male convicts), these relations were largely replicated and broadened by including implicit emotional associations to violence in the study design. Thus, while Proviolence was found to be related to a weakened negative emotional reaction to violent pictures, Vile World was found to be associated with stronger negative emotions as a response to violence. Furthermore, Proviolence was the only MEM factor clearly differentiating the sample of convicts from male students who participated in Study 1. Results help extend current understanding about personal characteristics related to militant extremism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document