scholarly journals Characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2013 ML6.5 Nantou, Taiwan, earthquake

2022 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Sheng Wu ◽  
Ray Y. Chuang ◽  
Yi-Chin Chen ◽  
Ya-Shien Lin
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
Coseismic Deformation ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
Type Data

AbstractEarthquake-triggered landslides are common disasters of active mountain belts. Due to the lack of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory in Taiwan, it is not intuitive to observe spatial relationships and discover unique patterns between landslides and essential triggers. We examined strong earthquake events in Taiwan after the 1999 Mw7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake and targeted the 2013 ML6.5 Nantou earthquake to create the landslide inventory. We adopted two Landsat-8 satellite images before and after the event to detect landslides, and incorporated a 20-m DEM and rock type data of Taiwan to represent key factors triggering earthquake-induced landslides such as peak ground acceleration (PGA), lithology, slope roughness, slope, and aspect. Based on the analysis of the density of landslides, there are strong correlations between the landslide occurrence and seismic and geomorphic factors. Furthermore, we noticed that the landslide aspects have a systematic tendency towards the northeast, which is not correlated with the dip directions and wave propagation directions. Instead, we found that the northeastward landslide aspect is more associated with the westward–southwestward surface movement at the landslides. We found that the included angles between the landslide aspects and the displacement directions for all the landslides are  ~ 100°–180°. The relationship indicated that the coseismic deformation of the Nantou earthquake may play a role in the landslide distribution. Graphical Abstract

Fluid Balance, Carbohydrate Ingestion, and Body Temperature During Men’s Stage-Race Cycling in Temperate Environmental Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Ross ◽  
Brian Stephens ◽  
Chris R. Abbiss ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Event Duration ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Guidelines

Purpose:To observe voluntary fluid and carbohydrate intakes and thermoregulatory characteristics of road cyclists during 2 multiday, multiple-stage races in temperate conditions.Methods:Ten internationally competitive male cyclists competed in 2 stage races (2009 Tour of Gippsland, T1, n = 5; 2010 Tour of Geelong, T2, n = 5) in temperate conditions (13.2–15.8°C; 54–80% relative humidity). Body mass (BM) was recorded immediately before and after each stage. Peak gastrointestinal temperature (TGI peak) was recorded throughout each stage. Cyclists recalled the types and volumes of fluid and food consumed throughout each stage.Results:Although fluid intake varied according to the race format, there were strong correlations between fluid intake and distance across all formats of racing, in both tours (r = .82, r = .92). Within a stage, the relationship between finishing time and fluid intake was trivial. Mean BM change over a stage was 1.3%, with losses >2% BM occurring on 5 out of 43 measured occasions and the fastest competitors incurring lower BM changes. Most subjects consumed carbohydrate at rates that met the new guidelines (30–60 g/h for 2–3 h, ~90 g/h for >3 h), based on event duration. There were consistent observations of TGI peak >39°C during stages of T1 (67%) and T2 (73%) despite temperate environmental conditions.Conclusion:This study captured novel effects of highintensity stage racing in temperate environmental conditions. In these conditions, cyclists were generally able to find opportunities to consume fluid and carbohydrate to meet current guidelines. We consistently observed high TGI peak, which merits further investigation.

Pegadaian Digital Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-725
Author(s):  
Ning Karnawijaya ◽  
Siti Rokhaniyah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Digital Service ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

This study aims to determine the effect of Pegadaian Digital Service (PDS) on the financial inclusion of sharia business segments. The study was conducted using secondary data and analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative method used the t-test to determine the significance of the effect of PDS on the financial inclusion of sharia business segments. The t-test was conducted two years before the release of PDS (2016-2017) and the two years after released of PDS (2018-2019). Sharia business segments in this study are sharia pawn bussiness (rahn) and micro fiducia sharia business (Arrum and Amanah). Furthermore, qualitative analysis is to find the right modeling for optimizing PDS in increasing financial inclusion in sharia business segments. The results showed that in the two years after the released of PDS the turnover, outstanding loan, and mu'nah revenue had a very significant increasing. There were strong correlations and significant differences in the achievement of turnover, outstanding loans, and mu’nah revenue between before and after the PDS, both in sharia pawn business (Rahn), Arrum and Amanah products. The results of empirical testing proved that PDS was supporting the acceleration of financial inclusion programs, especially in the sharia business segment at PT. Pegadaian. Optimizing PDS in increasing financial inclusion in sharia business segments can be done by developing a product based PDS optimization model.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Cross-Modeling in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Pawluszek-Filipiak ◽  
Natalia Oreńczak ◽  
Marta Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
Landslide Inventory ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Very High

To mitigate the negative effects of landslide occurrence, there is a need for effective landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM). The fundamental source for LSM is landslide inventory. Unfortunately, there are still areas where landslide inventories are not generated due to financial or reachability constraints. Considering this led to the following research question: can we model landslide susceptibility in an area for which landslide inventory is not available but where such is available for surrounding areas? To answer this question, we performed cross-modeling by using various strategies for landslide susceptibility. Namely, landslide susceptibility was cross-modeled by using two adjacent regions (“Łososina” and “Gródek”) separated by the Rożnów Lake and Dunajec River. Thus, 46% and 54% of the total detected landslides were used for the LSM in “Łososina” and “Gródek” model, respectively. Various topographical, geological, hydrological and environmental landslide-conditioning factors (LCFs) were created. These LCFs were generated on the basis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Sentinel-2A data, a digitized geological and soil suitability map, precipitation, the road network and the Różnów lake shapefile. For LSM, we applied the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) methods. Five zones showing various landslide susceptibilities were generated via Natural Jenks. The Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI) and Relative Landslide Density Index were used for model validation. Even when the SCAI indicated extremely high values for “very low” susceptibility classes and very small values for “very high” susceptibility classes in the training and validation areas, the accuracy of the LSM in the validation areas was significantly lower. In the “Łososina” model, 90% and 57% of the landslides fell into the “high” and “very high” susceptibility zones in the training and validation areas, respectively. In the “Gródek” model, 86% and 46% of the landslides fell into the “high” and “very high” susceptibility zones in the training and validation areas, respectively. Moreover, the comparison between these two models was performed. Discrepancies between these two models exist in the areas of critical geological structures (thrust and fault proximity), and the reliability for such susceptibility zones can be low (2–3 susceptibility zone difference). However, such areas cover only 11% of the analyzed area; thus, we can conclude that in remaining regions (89%), LSM generated by the inventory for the surrounding area can be useful. Therefore, the low reliability of such a map in areas of critical geological structures should be borne in mind.

scholarly journals Is Organizing Knowledge Effective in Primary Education?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Marisol Cueli ◽  
Ana Isabel Álvarez ◽  
Stephen Loew ◽  
Paloma González-Castro ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Early School ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Key Aspects

The acquisition of reading comprehension abilities and written expression is one of the key factors among learning processes in which students show many difficulties. For this reason, it is necessary to implement effective intervention strategies from early school years. The program EPI.com is aimed at improving lexical, semantic, and syntactic processes related to the reading process. This work aims to analyze the efficiency of EPI.com in years 1&2 of Primary Education. Participants in the research were 62 students (ages 6–8), who were assigned to an Experimental Group (EG; 38 students receiving the EPI.com intervention) and a Control Group (CG; 24 following traditional teaching and learning methods). The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities and the Peabody test were applied before and after the intervention was carried out. Results showed that the strategy was effective in EG in improving the psycholinguistic aspects measured by the ITPA, with better results in the variables related to syntactic and lexical processing. Taking the results into account, it was concluded that EPI.com allows students to improve the abilities relating to reading skills. Also, the results highlight the need to incorporate interventions aimed at favoring maturation in some key aspects at early ages.

scholarly journals Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally variable psychological processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 161025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesson Magid ◽  
Vera Sarkol ◽  
Alex Mesoudi
Keyword(s):  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Psychological Differences ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Working Together

Cultural psychologists have shown that people from Western countries exhibit more independent self-construal and analytic (rule-based) cognition than people from East Asia, who exhibit more interdependent self-construal and holistic (relationship-based) cognition. One explanation for this cross-cultural variation is the ecocultural hypothesis, which links contemporary psychological differences to ancestral differences in subsistence and societal cohesion: Western thinking formed in response to solitary herding, which fostered independence, while East Asian thinking emerged in response to communal rice farming, which fostered interdependence. Here, we report two experiments that tested the ecocultural hypothesis in the laboratory. In both, participants played one of two tasks designed to recreate the key factors of working alone and working together. Before and after each task, participants completed psychological measures of independent–interdependent self-construal and analytic–holistic cognition. We found no convincing evidence that either solitary or collective tasks affected any of the measures in the predicted directions. This fails to support the ecocultural hypothesis. However, it may also be that our priming tasks are inappropriate or inadequate for simulating subsistence-related behavioural practices, or that these measures are fixed early in development and therefore not experimentally primable, despite many previous studies that have purported to find such priming effects.

scholarly journals The Application of Approximate Entropy Theory in Defects Detecting of IGBT Module

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shengqi Zhou ◽  
Luowei Zhou ◽  
Suncheng Liu ◽  
Pengju Sun ◽  
Quanming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gate Voltage ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Approximate Entropy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Silicon Chips ◽  
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Igbt Modules ◽  
Igbt Module ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasitic Parameters

Defect is one of the key factors in reducing the reliability of the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module, so developing the diagnostic method for defects inside the IGBT module is an important measure to avoid catastrophic failure and improves the reliability of power electronic converters. For this reason, a novel diagnostic method based on the approximate entropy (ApEn) theory is presented in this paper, which can provide statistical diagnosis and allow the operator to replace defective IGBT modules timely. The proposed method is achieved by analyzing the cross ApEn of the gate voltages before and after the occurring of defects. Due to the local damage caused by aging, the intrinsic parasitic parameters of packaging materials or silicon chips inside the IGBT module such as parasitic inductances and capacitances may change over time, which will make remarkable variation in the gate voltage. That is to say the gate voltage is close coupled with the defects. Therefore, the variation is quantified and used as a precursor parameter to evaluate the health status of the IGBT module. Experimental results validate the correctness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Modelling and quantifying the spatial distribution of post-wildfire ash loads

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Chafer ◽  
Cristina Santín ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Applied Model ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Before And After

Ash is generated in every wildfire, but its eco-hydro-geomorphic effects remain poorly understood and quantified, especially at large spatial scales. Here we present a new method that allows modelling the spatial distribution of ash loads in the post-fire landscape, based on a severe wildfire that burnt ~13 600 ha of a forested water supply catchment in October 2013 (2013 Hall Road Fire, 100 km south-west of Sydney, Australia). Employing an existing spectral ratio-based index, we developed a new spectral index using Landsat 8 satellite imagery: the normalised wildfire ash index (NWAI). Before- and after-fire images were normalised and a differenced wildfire ash image (dNWAI) computed. The relationship between dNWAI and ash loads (t ha−1) quantified in situ at nine sampling locations burnt under a range of fire severities was determined using a polynomial regression (R2 = 0.98). A spatially applied model was computed within a geographic information system (GIS) to illustrate the spatial distribution of ash across the area burnt and to estimate ash loads in the five subcatchments affected by the wildfire. Approximately 181 000 tonnes of ash was produced by the wildfire, with specific loads increasing with fire severity. This new tool to model wildfire ash distribution can inform decisions about post-fire land management in future wildfires in the region. It can also be adapted for its application in other fire-prone environments.

Key factors affecting the spring emergence of pea moth (Cydia nigricana)

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thöming ◽  
H. Saucke
Keyword(s):  
Day Length ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pea Moth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Cydia Nigricana ◽  
Flight Phenology ◽  
Spring Emergence

AbstractThe hypothesis that spring emergence of the pea moth Cydia nigricana is regulated by environmental factors, particularly photoperiod and temperature, was examined in this study. A long-term field study was conducted in two distinct pea-growing areas in Hesse and Saxony, Germany. Strong correlations between the flight phenology of pea moth in spring and air temperature, soil temperature, solar radiation and day length were demonstrated for three consecutive years. In laboratory experiments, we elucidated the interaction of different photoperiod-temperature regimes, verifying cumulative day-degree data in relation to pea moth emergence rates in the field. C. nigricana temperature sensitivity is apparently initiated by long day conditions with a critical day length of about 14 h L:D. The overall results contribute to the theory that photoperiod and temperature interact as regulatory cues for spring emergence of C. nigricana. The findings are discussed in terms of the development of predictive models and decision support systems for pea moth control.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pendayagunaan Dana Zakat Terhadap Pengembangan Program Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pada Zona Madina Dompet Dhuafa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Rifqi Hattan ◽  
Nining Nurhasanah ◽  
Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Beneficiary Community ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Empowerment Program

This research is to analyze the effectiveness of the utilization of zakat funds to the development of community economic empowerment program at Zona Madina Dompet Dhuafa. This research uses quantitative approach with explanatory and explorative research type. Data collection through field observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis used the calculation of effectiveness ratio and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to analyze the effect of the program on the condition of beneficiary community between before and after program. The results of this study show the utilization of zakat funds to the community economic empowerment program at Zona Madina Dompet Dhuafa from 2015-2017 amounted to 99.92%. So that the utilization of zakat funds to the community economic empowerment program in Zona Madina Dompet Dhuafa has been very effective, because the effectiveness ratio shows 90%. Then based on statistical test nonparametrik Wilcoxon showed that the community economic empowerment program positively affect the changing economic conditions of the beneficiary community program.

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