scholarly journals Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationally-representative surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Binte Hossain ◽  
Gourab Adhikary ◽  
Ariful Bari Chowdhury ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
National Committee ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Asian Populations

Abstract Background Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups. Methods We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. Results The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35–44 years to 34.9% in ≥55 years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18–24 years to 28.6% in 45–54 years in India, and from 3.8% in 18–24 years to 39.2% in ≥55 years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65–1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58–1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90–2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Conclusions Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in South Asian population: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Binte Hossain ◽  
Shajedur Rahman Shawon ◽  
Gourab Adhikary ◽  
Arif Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Asian Populations

ABSTRACTAlthough there has been a well-established association between adiposity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal to estimate the age-specific prevalence of hypertension and the association of body mass index (BMI) with hypertension. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. The overall prevalence for hypertension among participants aged 35-44 years were 17.4%, 20%, and 22.5% for Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. For all age groups, men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65-1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58-1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90-2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations, and public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.

scholarly journals A Study of Correlation Between Body Mass Index and Mean Forced Expiratory Volume in First One Second (FEV1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 755-757
Author(s):  
Dr. Ajay Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dr. Prabhat Kumar Budholia
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome

Adverse effects of obesity are well known on respiratory functions. These effects can be due to change in respiratory mechanics, decrease in respiratory muscle effectiveness, decrease in pulmonary gas exchange and restriction in pulmonary functions. Obesity may cause decrease in respiratory compliance due to mechanical factors such as increased weight on thoracic cage and abdomen due to presence of adipose tissues. Severe obesity may be a cause of pulmonary thromboembolism, obstructive sleep apnoea, obesity, hypoventilation syndrome and respiratory failure which are associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. Body Mass index (BMI) provides the most useful population level measure of overweight and obesity as it is same for both the genders and for all ages of individuals. Though, it should be considered as a vague guide because it may not correspond to the same degree of corpulence in the individuals of different age group. The present study was undertaken in department of Physiology in Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, Jabalpur MP. The subjects comprised of both male and female 50 individuals came to Physiology department for Pulmonary function test from other departments of the college. Tools used in present study were chi sqaure, t-test etc.

scholarly journals The Need for Culturally Competent Care Within Gastroenterology Services: Evidence from Research with Adults of South Asian Origin Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Mukherjee ◽  
Bryony Beresford ◽  
Karl Atkin ◽  
Shaji Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background and Aims It is widely acknowledged that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is rising within South Asian populations, yet research into the experiences of this group of patients is rare. In this study the lived experiences of UK South Asian adults with IBD, including support from gastroenterology services, was investigated. Methods A sample of 33 patients representing the diversity of the UK South Asian population were recruited through five gastroenterology clinics in England. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using the Framework approach. Results Although many experiences align with those of the general IBD population, participants believed that South Asian cultures and/or religions can lead to additional challenges. These are linked to: family and friends’ understanding of IBD; self and family attributions regarding IBD; stigma surrounding ill health; the taboo of bowel symptoms; managing ‘spicy food’; beliefs about food and ill health; roles within the family; living with extended family; the use of complementary and alternative therapies; and visits to family overseas. Religious faith helped many to cope with having IBD, but symptoms could hamper their ability to practise faith. Gastroenterology services were viewed positively, but unmet needs were identified, some of which were culturally specific. Conclusion Gastroenterology services have an important role to play in helping patients to overcome the challenges they encounter in their everyday life, both by providing individual patients with culturally appropriate care and advice, and via interventions to increase awareness and understanding of IBD within wider South Asian communities.

scholarly journals Signatures of natural selection and ethnic-specific prevalence of NPC1 pathogenic mutations contributing to obesity and Niemann–Pick disease type C1

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Chiorean ◽  
William S. Garver ◽  
David Meyre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
The South ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Mutations ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Niemann Pick

Abstract While homozygous pathogenic mutations in the NPC1 gene cause Niemann-Pick type C1 disease, heterozygous mutations cause highly-penetrant obesity. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of NPC1 mutations and their signatures of natural selection in 122,678 exome sequenced participants from six ethnic groups in the Genome Aggregation Database. Pathogenic missense coding mutations were identified by in silico tools and the ClinVar database. Signatures of natural selection were assessed by the probability of NPC1 being loss-of-function mutation intolerant and Z-scores of observed/expected synonymous and non-synonymous mutation ratios. There was no evidence of negative selection observed for synonymous, non-synonymous and loss-of-function mutations. However, there were significant ethnic differences in the prevalence of heterozygous pathogenic NPC1 mutations ranging from 0.56% in Ashkenazi Jewish to 3.26% in African/African Americans (5.8-fold difference). Four homozygous carriers of pathogenic NPC1 mutations were also identified, belonging to the South Asian population. In conclusion, NPC1 mutations are consistent with a model of balanced selection, where heterozygotes and homozygotes have higher and lower reproductive fitness, respectively. Therefore, NPC1 heterozygous mutations may account for a substantial and ethnic-dependent percentage of obesity in the general population, while NPC1 homozygous mutations may be frequent in the South Asian populations and warrants more investigation.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of the Nonessential Energy-Dense Foods Tax on the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children: A Modeling Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Illescas-Zárate ◽  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Ivonne Ramírez-Silva ◽  
Rossana Torres-Álvarez ◽  
Juan A. Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background: Consumption of foods high in energy, sugar, fat, and salt contributes to the increase in body mass index and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. Mexico implemented an 8% tax to non-essential energy-dense foods (NEDF) in 2014 as part of a national strategy to reduce obesity.Objective: We modeled the potential effect of the NEDF tax on body mass index and overweight and obesity in Mexican children (6–17 years).Materials and Methods: We used the Dynamic Childhood Growth and Obesity Model calibrated to Mexican children to simulate the potential 1-year effect of the NEDF tax on body weight. Inputs for the model included NEDF consumption, weight, and height, obtained from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey. To project the potential impact of the tax, we ran a first simulation without intervention and another reducing the caloric intake from NEDF in the proportion observed in the Mexican population after the tax (−5.1%). The tax effect was defined as the absolute difference in body mass index and prevalence of overweight and obesity between both models.Results: The tax on NEDF should lead to a mean reduction of 4.1 g or 17.4 kcal/day of NEDF at the population level. One year after the tax, mean body weight and body mass index should decrease 0.40 kg and 0.19 kg/m2; this translates into −1.7 and −0.4% points in overweight and obesity, respectively.Conclusions: The use of fiscal instruments to discourage the consumption of NEDF could help to reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.

scholarly journals Exploring the use of adjusted body mass index thresholds based on equivalent insulin resistance for defining overweight and obesity in UK South Asian children

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1443
Author(s):  
Mohammed T. Hudda ◽  
Angela S. Donin ◽  
Christopher G. Owen ◽  
Alicja R. Rudnicka ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Asian Children

scholarly journals An FTO variant is associated with Type 2 diabetes in South Asian populations after accounting for body mass index and waist circumference

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Rees ◽  
M. Islam ◽  
M. Z. I. Hydrie ◽  
B. Chaudhary ◽  
S. Bellary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Populations

scholarly journals Normal Body Mass Index and Heart Rate Variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Jain ◽  
Ranjan Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Cutoff Points

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) works in synergy with the Endocrine system that affects the body-mass and height and in turn the body mass index (BMI). The ANS activities are often assessed with one index that is heart rate variability (HRV). Reduced HRV has been reported in underweight (low BMI) and overweight (high BMI) individuals, but there is scarce information available on the relationship between normal BMI and HRV. Further, as per WHO expert consultation report, the Asian population has higher percentage of body fat than their European counterparts, therefore Asian people may have greater risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease even below the existing upper edge of normal BMI. Thus it was recommended by WHO to consider the intermediate cutoff points within the normal BMI range as 18.5 Kg/m2, 20 Kg/m2, 23 Kg/m2, and 25 Kg/m2 for the Asian population. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate ANS activity among intermediate cutoff points of normal BMI using HRV. Seventy young individuals participated in the non-invasive and benign study. Subjects were divided into three groups based on their BMI as per the recommendation of the WHO report; NB1 (18.5<BMI≤20), NB2 (20<BMI<23) and NB3 (23<BMI<25). For all the subjects, 10 min of electrocardiogram was recorded and short term HRV analysis was carried out. Student t test was carried out to find the significance of study parameters in BMI groups. The BMI was correlated with HRV measures using Spearman’s correlation method. Statistically significant negative correlation was found between BMI and various HRV parameters. The sympathovagal balance was comparable in NB1 and NB2 group whereas it shifted towards sympathetic dominance in NB3 group. Higher sympathetic activity for BMI greater than 23 in Indian youth may lead to predictability of risks associated with overweight and obesity

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