scholarly journals Vaccine-associated complications: a comparative multicenter evaluation among dental practitioners and dental students—which candidate vaccine is more safe in SARS COV II, Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), BBV152 (Covaxin), or BBIBP-CorV(Sinopharm)?

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Houshmand ◽  
Seied Omid Keyhan ◽  
Hamid Reza Fallahi ◽  
Shaqayeq Ramezanzade ◽  
Erfan Sadeghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Local Pain ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Larger Sample

Abstract Background The rapidly developed vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 carry a risk of provoking side effects. This study aimed to evaluate current vaccination non-serious/serious side effects. Methods A multicenter electronic questionnaire via an online platform was conducted over a 1-week period among vaccinated dental staff and dental students inquiring whether they experienced vaccine-related side-effects after vaccine administration. Results A total of 1205 respondents with a mean age of 39 (SD: 12) were retained for the analyses. The following vaccines were reported; Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), BBV152 (Covaxin), or BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm). The majority of respondents received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (51.1%) and Gam-COVID-Vac (37.6%). The symptoms most frequently reported after vaccination were fatigue (79%), local pain in the injection site (77.4%), malaise (73%), and body pain (71.1%). Enrollees reported more onset of reactions on 0–12 h (44.1%) and 12–24 h (29.0%) after vaccine administration (p value <0.001). In 75.7%, the side effects last for up to 3 days. Merely 5.5% of cases reported the presence of side effects after the first week. Individuals with a history of SARSCoV-2 and other infections (MERS, influenza, and EBV) were more likely to report a number of unserious systemic side effects. Conclusion The commonly reported adverse events were in line with similar studies. We have concerns with the frequency of serious adverse effects. This work necessitates the need for further clinical assessments with larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Side Effects Reported by Jordanian Healthcare Workers Who Received COVID-19 Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Osama Abu-Hammad ◽  
Hamza Alduraidi ◽  
Shaden Abu-Hammad ◽  
Ahmed Alnazzawi ◽  
Hamzah Babkair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Local Side

Background Distribution of COVID-19 vaccines has been surrounded by suspicions and rumors making it necessary to provide the public with accurate reports from trustworthy experts such as healthcare professionals. Methods We distributed a questionnaire in Jordan among physicians, dentists and nurses who received a COVID-19 vaccine to explore the side effects (SE) they encountered after the first or the second dose of one of three vaccines namely: AstraZeneca Vaxzevria (AZ), Pfizer-BioNTeck (PB), and SinoPharm (SP) vaccines. Results A total of 409 professionals participated. Approximately 18% and 31% of participants reported no SE after the first dose and second dose, respectively. The remainder had mostly local side effects related to injection site (74%). Systemic side effects in the form of fatigue (52%), myalgia (44%), headache (42%), and fever (35%) prevailed mainly after the first dose. These were significantly associated with AZ vaccine, and age ≤ 45 years (p = 0.000 and 0.01, respectively). No serious SE were reported. Conclusions We can conclude that SE of COVID-19 vaccines distributed in Jordan are within the common range known so far for these vaccines. Further studies are needed to include larger sample size and longer follow-up period to monitor possible serious and long-term SE of the vaccines.

scholarly journals Prilocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alpay Medetalibeyoğlu ◽  
Elif Sitre Koç ◽  
Oyku Beyaz ◽  
Ahmed Edizer
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Severe Side Effect ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Anesthesia ◽  
Systemic Side Effects

Local anesthetics are used to anesthetize surface areas in several procedures. The history of anesthesia exposure has been established as an important factor for correct diagnosis. When they are used excessively, some systemic side effects such as methemoglobinemia, respiratory failure, cardiovascular arrhythmias, or neurological manifestations may occur. Methemoglobinemia which usually presents with nonspecific symptoms is a serious entity. It is a rare but severe side effect of anesthetics. We herein present a case of methemoglobinemia due to local anesthesia with prilocaine.

scholarly journals Nonsurgical Method of Treatment of Childhood Phimosis with the use of Topical Betamethasone

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
BK Rai
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Past History ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Side Effects

Background: Topical steroid application is an effective alternative to circumcision for the treatment of infant and childhood phimosis. Materials & method: prospective study in 42 boys under 13 years of age, with non retractable foreskin with asymptomatic and past history of disease in grade 4 to 6 weeks treatment. the success was defined as full and free retraction, or easy retraction limited only by congenital adhesions to the glans. Results: Forty-two patients completed the treatment. Successful retraction was achieved in 14 (33.33%) at 4 weeks and 32(76.19%) after 6 weeks of application. No adverse systemic side effects were noted. Two patients had failed treatment and were enrolled for circumcision. Two patients refused further treatment. Six patients were lost in subsequent to follow-up. Conclusion: Betamethasone 0.10% ointment is an effective alternative, non surgical method of the treatment for the childhood phimosis. Keywords: Chilhood phimosis; betamethasone DOI: 10.3126/hren.v8i3.4211Health Renaissance, September-December 2010; Vol 8 (No.3);176-180

scholarly journals Compliance of Dental Staff and Students to Dental Guideline amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Institutional Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Nor Azura Ahmad Tarmidzi ◽  
Nor Haliza Mat-Baharin ◽  
Diana Md Zahid ◽  
Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Dental Staff

COVID-19 can be transferred via aerosols. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, dental practitioners, supporting clinical staff and clinical-year dental students are directly exposed to aerosols produced during dental treatment. Thus, the Faculty of Dentistry of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) developed dental guidelines that included a standard operating procedure for clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the adherence of clinical staff and students to dental guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the nature and extent of difficulties encountered by the faculty members in complying with the guidelines. The dental guidelines were explained to all faculty members, and then an audit form was developed on the basis of the guidelines. A series of clinical audits was conducted on a weekly basis. Afterwards, a survey was conducted to investigate any problems faced by dental clinical staff and students in terms of complying with the guidelines. The percentage of noncompliance to wearing goggles and face shields during dental procedures was 7.1% and 2.1%, respectively. Amongst 128 respondents, 84.1% reported unclear vision due to the fogging of the goggles, whereas 45.2% reported blurred vision when goggles and face shields were worn together. Moreover, approximately 30.2% of the respondents claimed that KN95 masks contribute to difficulty in breathing. Nevertheless, most of the dental clinical staff and students were compliant to the dental guidelines. Noncompliance was mainly caused by the fogging issue when wearing goggles. Thus, this issue should be tackled to prevent the impairment of treatment quality.

Comparative Analysis: The State of Colorado Study, Part II

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Kathryn Mueller ◽  
Douglas Van Zet ◽  
Debra J. Northrup ◽  
Edward B. Whitney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Physician Judgment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Causation Analysis ◽  
Work Interference

Abstract [Continued from the January/February 2004 issue of The Guides Newsletter.] To understand discrepancies in reviewers’ ratings of impairments based on different editions of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), users can usefully study the history of the revisions as successive editions attempted to provide a comprehensive, valid, reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based system. Some shortcomings of earlier editions have been addressed in the AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, but problems remain with each edition, largely because of the limited scientific evidence available. In the context of the history of the different editions of the AMA Guides and their development, the authors discuss and contextualize a number of key terms and principles including the following: definitions of impairment and normal; activities of daily living; maximum medical improvement; impairment percentages; conversion of regional impairments; combining impairments; pain and other subjective complaints; physician judgment; and causation analysis; finally, the authors note that impairment is not synonymous with disability or work interference. The AMA Guides, Fifth Edition, contrasts impairment evaluations and independent medical evaluations (this was not done in previous editions) and discusses impairment evaluations, rules for evaluations, and report standards. Upper extremity and lower extremity impairment evaluations are discussed in terms of clinical assessments and rating processes, analyzing important changes between editions and problematic areas (eg, complex regional pain syndrome).

Probiotics in gastroenterology – from a different angle

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (8) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Miklós Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

After a short overview of the history of probiotics, the author presents the development of human intestinal microflora based on the newest genetic data and the microbiological features of main probiotics. The indications of probiotic administration have been defined and extended in recent years. The author reviews significant results of probiotic treatment in some gastrointestinal diseases based on meta-analytical data. Probiotics are useful in preventing and treating diarrhoea caused by antibiotics and Clostridium difficile caused diarrhoea. In the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, preparations containing certain Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium strains or Saccaromyces boulardii could enhance by 5–10% the rate of successful eradication and reduce the incidence and severity of the side effects. Some symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and thus the quality of life can be improved by probiotics. Their beneficial effect in ulcerative colitis was proven, while in Crohn’s disease has not yet been defined. The use of probiotics is not included in guidelines, with the exception of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus. For each disease it is advisable to use probiotics containing strains only with proven beneficial effect. The efficiency of preparations containing mixed strains has not yet been properly investigated. The author reviews the rare but potentially serious side effects of probiotics. In Hungary, there are many probiotic preparations available which can be purchased in pharmacies without prescription: their use is more empirical than evidence-based. The European Food Safety Authority has recently rejected claims for probiotics to be classed as medicines given the lack of convincing evidence on the effects of probiotics on human health and well-being. Clearly, further research is needed to collect evidence which could be incorporated into the international guidelines. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 294–304.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the labium oris with rare metastasis to the pleural cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e237622
Author(s):  
Osama Mosalem ◽  
Anas Alsara ◽  
Fawzi Abu Rous ◽  
Borys Hrinczenko
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

A 57-year-old Southeast Asian woman with a remote history of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the right labium superius oris (upper lip) presented to the hospital with vague epigastric pain. On workup, she was found to have multiple pleural nodules. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic ACC. After 8 months of active surveillance, evidence of disease progression was found and the patient was started on pembrolizumab. Follow-up after starting pembrolizumab showed stable disease with no significant side effects.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding NRF2 as a druggable target: development of pro-electrophilic and non-covalent NRF2 activators to overcome systemic side effects of electrophilic drugs like dimethyl fumarate

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takumi Satoh ◽  
Stuart Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
First Case ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Transcriptional Pathway

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an electrophilic compound previously called BG-12 and marketed under the name Tecfidera®. It was approved in 2013 by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. One mechanism of action of DMF is stimulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcriptional pathway that induces anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory phase II enzymes to prevent chronic neurodegeneration. However, electrophiles such as DMF also produce severe systemic side effects, in part due to non-specific S-alkylation of cysteine thiols and resulting depletion of glutathione. This mini-review presents the present status and future strategy for NRF2 activators designed to avoid these side effects. Two modes of chemical reaction leading to NRF2 activation are considered here. The first mode is S-alkylation (covalent reaction) of thiols in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which interacts with NRF2. The second mechanism involves non-covalent pharmacological inhibition of protein-protein interactions, in particular domain-specific interaction between NRF2 and KEAP1 or other repressor proteins involved in this transcriptional pathway. There have been significant advances in drug development using both of these mechanisms that can potentially avoid the systemic side effects of electrophilic compounds. In the first case concerning covalent reaction with KEAP1, monomethyl fumarate and monoethyl fumarate appear to represent safer derivatives of DMF. In a second approach, pro-electrophilic drugs, such as carnosic acid from the herb Rosmarinus officinalis, can be used as a safe pro-drug of an electrophilic compound. Concerning non-covalent activation of NRF2, drugs are being developed that interfere with the direct interaction of KEAP1-NRF2 or inhibit BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1), which is a transcriptional repressor of the promoter where NRF2 binds.

scholarly journals Lung adenocarcinoma concomitant with xeroderma pigmentosum: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Matsumoto ◽  
Kazumi Kaneshiro ◽  
Kiyonobu Takatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Abstract Background Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare, autosomal-recessive photosensitive dermatosis. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum have an impaired ability to repair deoxyribonucleic acid damage caused by ultraviolet rays, resulting in skin cancer. Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum are more susceptible to some cancers. We herein report a case of xeroderma pigmentosum accompanied by lung cancer. Case presentation The patient was a Japanese woman in her 70s with a family history of consanguineous marriage. Her medical history included squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma, in addition to xeroderma pigmentosum. She presented with dry skin with small, pigmented spots, which were particularly focused around the areas exposed to sunlight. Chest computed tomography was conducted to assess for any evidence of metastatic skin carcinoma, and revealed a tumor in the left upper subpleural lobe of the lung. Consequently, she was referred to our department. Finally, we diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma (pT2aN0M1b: stage IVA). She had an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (p.L858R). Treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (gefitinib) was initiated, and the tumor gradually regressed. No side effects were observed. However, she later died from aspiration pneumonia. Conclusions Although xeroderma pigmentosum is rare, a history of consanguineous marriage should be verified. Because of the severe side effects of cisplatin and radiotherapy in xeroderma pigmentosum patients, the risks and benefits of treatment should be considered thoroughly.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Oral Cancer and Suspicious Malignant Mucosal Changes among Future Dentists

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Kamis Gaballah ◽  
Asmaa Faden ◽  
Fatima Jassem Fakih ◽  
Anfal Yousuf Alsaadi ◽  
Nadeen Faiz Noshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Oral Abnormalities

This study aimed to assess the ability of dental students and recent graduates to detect and recognize mucosal changes that are suggestive of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to dental students and recent graduates of Ajman University (n = 132). Completed questionnaires were received from 84 (63.6%) females and 48 (36.4%) males which included fifth-year students (n = 80), interns (n = 39), and dental practitioners (n = 13). This questionnaire was designed to assess the respondent’s ability to detect and recognize different types of oral lesions, as well as their knowledge of oral cancer appearance and malignancy potential. The overall accuracy of diagnosis was 46%. The participants correctly identified normal variations, benign tumors, malignant tumors, and premalignant lesions at rates of 60.3%, 31.0%, 55.7%, and 33.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two genders in their ability to recognize and detect correct answers (females, 48.3%; males, 47.2%). According to education level, interns provided the highest percentage of correct answers (52.5%), followed by newly dental practitioners (51.9%) and fifth-year students (44.1%). Conclusion: The respondents of this survey did not exhibit a satisfactory diagnostic capability in recognizing mucosal changes consistent with the clinical presentation of oral cancer. Thus, a need exists for improved and updated educational methods for undergraduate students regarding oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders. Meanwhile, practitioners should look for oral abnormalities to provide better diagnosis and management. Practitioners should also stay up to date on the oral malignancy topic by attending workshops and clinicopathological conferences.

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