scholarly journals The intestinal microbial composition in Greylag geese differs with steatosis induction mode: spontaneous or induced by overfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Knudsen ◽  
Julien Arroyo ◽  
Maxime Even ◽  
Laurent Cauquil ◽  
Géraldine Pascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Greylag Goose ◽  
Greylag Geese

Abstract Background Relationships between microbial composition and steatosis are being extensively studied in mammals, and causal relations have been evidenced. In migratory birds the liver can transiently store lipids during pre-migratory and migratory phases, but little is known about the implications of the digestive microbiota in those mechanisms. The Landaise greylag goose (Anser anser) is a good model to study steatosis in migratory birds as it is domesticated, but is still, from a genetic point of view, close to its wild migratory ancestor. It also has a great ingestion capacity and a good predisposition for hepatic steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by conventional overfeeding. The conventional (overfeeding) and alternative (spontaneous steatosis induction) systems differ considerably in duration and feed intake level and previous studies have shown that aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis are very variable. The present study thus aimed to address two issues: (i) evaluate whether microbial composition differs with steatosis-inducing mode; (ii) elucidate whether a digestive microbial signature could be associated with variable aptitudes to spontaneous liver steatosis. Results Performances, biochemical composition of the livers and microbiota differed considerably in response to steatosis stimulation. We namely identified the genus Romboutsia to be overrepresented in birds developing a spontaneous steatosis in comparison to those submitted to conventional overfeeding while the genera Ralstonia, Variovorax and Sphingomonas were underrepresented only in birds that did not develop a spontaneous steatosis compared to conventionally overfed ones, birds developing a spontaneous steatosis having intermediate values. Secondly, no overall differences in microbial composition were evidenced in association with variable aptitudes to spontaneous steatosis, although one OTU, belonging to the Lactobacillus genus, was overrepresented in birds having developed a spontaneous steatosis compared to those that had not. Conclusions Our study is the first to evaluate the intestinal microbial composition in association with steatosis, whether spontaneous or induced by overfeeding, in geese. Steatosis induction modes were associated with distinct digestive microbial compositions. However, unlike what can be observed in mammals, no clear microbial signature associated with spontaneous steatosis level was identified.

scholarly journals Adoption as a gosling strategy to obtain better parental care? Experimental evidence for gosling choice and age-dependency of adoption in greylag geese

Behaviour ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1515-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Komdeur ◽  
Ellen Kalmbach ◽  
Pascal van der Aa
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Alloparental Care ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Generational Conflict ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Greylag Goose ◽  
Large Brood ◽  
Greylag Geese

AbstractAdoptions of unrelated young by successful breeders are a form of alloparental care which has been observed in many species of geese. Depending on costs and benefits to the parents, adoptions might represent an inter-generational conflict or a mutually beneficial strategy. Although most studies of wild populations suggest benefits of large brood sizes, incidental observations mostly report aggressive behaviour of parents towards lone goslings. No studies have investigated mechanisms and behaviour during adoptions in order to test whether adoptions are driven by parents or goslings. To test whether goslings might use adoption as a strategy to obtain better parental care, we carried out an experiment where lone greylag goose (Anser anser) goslings could choose between a dominant and a subordinate foster family. In a second experiment we also tested whether adoption was age-dependent. Except for one case, all lone goslings (N = 16) chose the dominant family. Parents showed very little aggression towards lone goslings at three days after hatch, but aggression increased until 9 days and remained high thereafter. At the same time as aggression increased, the chance of successful adoption decreased. In the first five weeks of life, goslings which had been adopted were no further away from parents than original goslings during grazing. These results show that goslings might choose foster families according to dominance. The fact that with increasing gosling age parents are less willing to adopt could be due to improved individual recognition and reflect decreasing benefits of gaining an additional family member. More detailed studies on state-dependent costs and benefits of adoptions are required to determine whether adoptions in geese represent conflict or mutualism, and why this changes with gosling age.

scholarly journals A white feathered area on the forehead is more common in hybrids of Greylag Goose Anser anser and Greater Canada Goose Branta canadensis than in the parent species

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
C G Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
White Area ◽  
Greylag Goose ◽  
Greylag Geese

This study evaluated prevalence and extent of white areas on heads of Greylag Goose × Greater Canada Goose hybrids. A white area which bordered the bill and then to various degrees extended over the forehead was found in 17 out of 20 hybrids. This was significantly more common in the hybrids than in the parent species. The white areas in the hybrids were also significantly larger than in those 82 out of 191 adult Greylag Geese which had some amount of white area. There were too few Greater Canada Geese with a white area outside the normal pale cheek patch to make a meaningful similar quantitative comparison also with them. No white area was seen in the three presumed 1st Calendar Year (CY) hybrids but when two of them were seen again in September of the 2nd CY there were some pale feathers that were interpreted as the beginning of white areas. The white areas in hybrids are therefore regarded to be adult features which like in several pure Anser species begin to develop during the 2nd CY.

Influence of socially involved hand-raising on life history and stress responses in greylag geese

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Hemetsberger ◽  
Isabella B.R. Scheiber ◽  
Brigitte M. Weiß ◽  
Didone Frigerio ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Greylag Goose ◽  
Greylag Geese ◽  
Predator Stress ◽  
Weight Number

Animals are hand-raised in a variety of contexts, including experimental research. This has been criticized frequently as producing animals with species-untypical behaviour. Here we compare life histories of 330 hand-raised and 631 gooseraised Greylag geese from a free-flying flock to determine whether hand-raising affected life history, reproductive variables and behaviour. We found little differences in life histories (e.g. male age, age at pair bond) or reproductive variables (e.g. number of eggs, egg weight, number of young hatched and fledged) of hand-raised and goose-raised geese. However, hand-raised females had lower life expectancies than goose-raised ones, mainly due to predation during breeding. Hand-raised geese were stressed significantly less during social, handling and predator stress, were attacked less by conspecifics and were less vigilant than goose-raised geese. We conclude that hand-raising resulted in geese with species-typical life histories but reduced stress responses. This makes hand-raised geese cooperative partners for research, but also more vulnerable when exposed to predators. Keywords: hand-raising; greylag goose; Anser anser; life-history; reproductive success; stress

scholarly journals Changes in migration and wintering patterns of Greylag Geese Anser anser from southernmost Sweden during three decades

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Nilsson ◽  
Hakon Kampe-Persson
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
The North ◽  
Greylag Goose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Greylag Geese

The recent increase of the Greylag Goose Anser anser population has caused complaints about crop damage. In response to this, the Nordic Collegium for Wildlife Research started a neck-banding program to elucidate the migration and movement patterns. During 1984–2009, 2,639 Greylag Geese were marked in a breeding area in SW Scania, southernmost Sweden. Up to and including 2012, 15,296 re-sightings were reported from outside the breeding area (in addition to more than 100 000 from the breeding area). In the early years of the study, the majority of the geese migrated to winter in southernmost Spain, staging in The Netherlands. In later years, hardly any individuals migrated to Spain, the majority staying in The Netherlands with an increasing proportion wintering in southern Sweden. From 1986 to 2017, the mean latitude for re-sightings changed ten degrees to the north. About 13% of the geese changed winter quarters between two consecutive winters. Moreover, the southward migration occurred much later in the autumn and the geese returned to the breeding areas about one month earlier in spring.

Natural induction of spontaneous liver steatosis in Greylag Landaise geese (Anser anser)

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guy ◽  
L. Fortun-Lamothe ◽  
G. Bénard ◽  
X. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Natural Induction

scholarly journals From individual to population level: Temperature and snow cover modulate fledging success through breeding phenology in greylag geese (Anser anser)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didone Frigerio ◽  
Petra Sumasgutner ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal ◽  
Sonia Kleindorfer ◽  
Josef Hemetsberger
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Fledging Success ◽  
Average Annual Temperature ◽  
Greylag Geese

AbstractLocal weather conditions may be used as environmental cues by animals to optimize their breeding behaviour, and could be affected by climate change. We measured associations between climate, breeding phenology, and reproductive output in greylag geese (Anser anser) across 29 years (1990–2018). The birds are individually marked, which allows accurate long-term monitoring of life-history parameters for all pairs within the flock. We had three aims: (1) identify climate patterns at a local scale in Upper Austria, (2) measure the association between climate and greylag goose breeding phenology, and (3) measure the relationship between climate and both clutch size and fledging success. Ambient temperature increased 2 °C across the 29-years study period, and higher winter temperature was associated with earlier onset of egg-laying. Using the hatch-fledge ratio, average annual temperature was the strongest predictor for the proportion of fledged goslings per season. There is evidence for an optimum time window for egg-laying (the earliest and latest eggs laid had the lowest fledging success). These findings broaden our understanding of environmental effects and population-level shifts which could be associated with increased ambient temperature and can thus inform future research about the ecological consequences of climate changes and reproductive output in avian systems.

scholarly journals The Combination of Berberine, Tocotrienols and Coffee Extracts Improves Metabolic Profile and Liver Steatosis by the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic miR-122 and miR-34a Expression in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Valentina Cossiga ◽  
Vincenzo Lembo ◽  
Cecilia Nigro ◽  
Paola Mirra ◽  
Claudia Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide. Specific drugs for NAFLD are not yet available, even if some plant extracts show beneficial properties. We evaluated the effects of a combination, composed by Berberis Aristata, Elaeis Guineensis and Coffea Canephora, on the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin-resistance and on the modulation of hepatic microRNAs (miRNA) levels and microbiota composition in a mouse model of liver damage. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD, n = 8), high fat diet (HFD, n = 8) or HFD plus plant extracts (HFD+E, n = 8) for 24 weeks. Liver expression of miR-122 and miR-34a was evaluated by quantitativePCR. Microbiome analysis was performed on cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. HFD+E-mice showed lower body weight (p < 0.01), amelioration of insulin-sensitivity (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.001), alanine-aminotransferase (p = 0.038) and hepatic steatosis compared to HFD-mice. While a decrease of hepatic miR-122 and increase of miR-34a were observed in HFD-mice compared to SD-mice, both these miRNAs had similar levels to SD-mice in HFD+E-mice. Moreover, a different microbial composition was found between SD- and HFD-mice, with a partial rescue of dysbiosis in HFD+E-mice. This combination of plant extracts had a beneficial effect on HFD-induced NAFLD by the modulation of miR-122, miR-34a and gut microbiome.

Behavioural and physiological correlates of personality in greylag geese (Anser anser)

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Kralj-Fišer ◽  
Brigitte M. Weiß ◽  
Kurt Kotrschal
Keyword(s):  
Anser Anser ◽  
Greylag Geese
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document