scholarly journals Autistic traits in offspring of schizophrenic patients in comparison to those of normal population: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimaa Ibrahim Amin ◽  
Ghada Mohamed Salah EL-Deen
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Autism Quotient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Abstract Background Autism is not a discreet condition and those families members with autistic propend are more likely to display autistic symptoms with a wide range of severity, even below the threshold for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Even with a parental history of schizophrenia, the likelihood of autistic spectrum disorder was found to be 3-fold greater. The aim of this study is to assess autistic traits among offspring of schizophrenic patients in the age group from 4 to 11 years and compare it in the offspring of normal individuals, and its association with the sociodemographic data. To determine whether schizophrenic parents are a risk factor to autistic traits in their children. Results There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05*) increase in Autism Quotient Child scores of the case group where 47.2% had a score equal or more than the cutoff point (76), while only 17 19.4% of the control group had the same score with odds = 3.71 indicating that children of schizophrenic parents 18 were three times likely to have Autism Quotient-Child score greater than or equal to the cutoff point (76) than 19 children of healthy parents. No statistically significant association (P ≥ 0.05) was found between all 20 sociodemographic characteristics and Autism Quotient-Child scores among the case group except for family 21 income and social class where there was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between insufficient income 22 and low social class and higher Autism Quotient-Child score (≥ 76). Conclusions Children of schizophrenic parents are at high risk to have autistic traits than children of normal parents.

scholarly journals The Comprehensive Autistic Trait Inventory (CATI): development and validation of a new measure of autistic traits in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. W. English ◽  
Gilles E. Gignac ◽  
Troy A. W. Visser ◽  
Andrew J. O. Whitehouse ◽  
James T. Enns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Sensory Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Traits and characteristics qualitatively similar to those seen in diagnosed autism spectrum disorder can be found to varying degrees in the general population. To measure these traits and facilitate their use in autism research, several questionnaires have been developed that provide broad measures of autistic traits [e.g. Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ)]. However, since their development, our understanding of autism has grown considerably, and it is arguable that existing measures do not provide an ideal representation of the trait dimensions currently associated with autism. Our aim was to create a new measure of autistic traits that reflects our current understanding of autism, the Comprehensive Autism Trait Inventory (CATI). Methods In Study 1, 107 pilot items were administered to 1119 individuals in the general population and exploratory factor analysis of responses used to create the 42-item CATI comprising six subscales: Social Interactions, Communication, Social Camouflage, Repetitive Behaviours, Cognitive Rigidity, and Sensory Sensitivity. In Study 2, the CATI was administered to 1068 new individuals and confirmatory factor analysis used to verify the factor structure. The AQ and BAPQ were administered to validate the CATI, and additional autistic participants were recruited to compare the predictive ability of the measures. In Study 3, to validate the CATI subscales, the CATI was administered to 195 new individuals along with existing valid measures qualitatively similar to each CATI subscale. Results The CATI showed convergent validity at both the total-scale (r ≥ .79) and subscale level (r ≥ .68). The CATI also showed superior internal reliability for total-scale scores (α = .95) relative to the AQ (α = .90) and BAPQ (α = .94), consistently high reliability for subscales (α > .81), greater predictive ability for classifying autism (Youden’s Index = .62 vs .56–.59), and demonstrated measurement invariance for sex. Limitations Analyses of predictive ability for classifying autism depended upon self-reported diagnosis or identification of autism. The autistic sample was not large enough to test measurement invariance of autism diagnosis. Conclusions The CATI is a reliable and economical new measure that provides observations across a wide range of trait dimensions associated with autism, potentially precluding the need to administer multiple measures, and to our knowledge, the CATI is also the first broad measure of autistic traits to have dedicated subscales for social camouflage and sensory sensitivity.

scholarly journals The relationship of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale and Harmon Jones with Noise in Isfahan Steel Industry Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi ALIMORADI ◽  
Ruhollah FALLAH MADAVARI ◽  
Mahsa NAZARI ◽  
Reza JAFARI NODOSHAN ◽  
Mohammad Javad ZARE SAKHVIDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: Loud noise is one of the harmful factors that affects industry workers seriously. In the steel industry, a wide range of equipment and machinery are used in the production processes, which are considered as the sources of annoying noise. Sound has immediate and delayed harmful effects on the process of concentration and increases blood pressure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of noise in two different ranges in the control and case groups within the authorized (between 60 to 85 dB) and unauthorized (above 85 dB) categories in the steel industry. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 workers in Isfahan Steel Industries. Environmental sound assessment was performed to determine the distribution of sound pressure level according to the ISO 9612 standard in the company's production units. In this method, the number of exposed people, the exposure time, and the weight factor corresponding to the sound pressure level were calculated in 30 minutes. The DASS-42 and Harmon Jones (DARQ) questionnaires were used to predict the mental state of the participants and to measure the severity of mood swings and arousal. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (ver22). Results: Based on the findings, age had a significant effect on depression, marital status had a significant effect on anxiety, and work shift had a significant effect on the level of stress and cognitive dissonance of employees. The stress mean was significantly higher in the case group (14.40 ± 1.66) than the control group (p <0.001). This indicates the effect of sound intensity level on the increase of stress and cognitive dissonance of workers in a noisy environment. With increasing exposure to sound, the participants’ stress decreased (p <0.05). Conclusion: Considering the positive and significant relationship of noise level with stress and cognitive inconsistency of workers in the case group, it is necessary to take effective preventive measures to prevent psychological harm and maintain the workers' health in this industry. In order to reduce noise, a number of applicable solutions have been proposed including spatial planning, selection of suitable materials, control of noise pollution related to outdoor construction, control of noise pollution related to indoor construction, and training.

scholarly journals Comparison of Intelligence Quotient of Schizophrenic Patients with those of Normal Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-257
Author(s):  
JB Khatri ◽  
BK Goit ◽  
A Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Mean

An intelligence deficit in schizophrenia is common and is associated with relapse and occupational impairment. The study aims to examine the intelligence quotient of schizophrenic patients and to compare with those of general population. This was a case control study where 30 adult schizophrenic patients between 15 to 45 years were enrolled from the inpatient and outpatient Psychiatry Department of Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. For control group, 30 normal subjects were enrolled from the general population matched with case group. The intelligence quotients were assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. The prevalence of intelligence deficit was 76.7% in the schizophrenic patients. The mean intelligence quotient was 84.80 with standard deviation of 6.53 in patients with schizophrenia. The intelligence quotient was average or above average in all the general populations. The mean intelligence quotient was 110.63 with standard deviation of 8.74 in the general population. The study concluded that the schizophrenic patients performed poorer in intelligence quotient than the general population

scholarly journals Pancreatic Response to Gold Nanoparticles Includes Decrease of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation In Autistic Diabetic Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manar E. Selim ◽  
Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim ◽  
Laila Y. Al-Ayadhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a wide range of applications in various fields. This study provides an understanding of the modulatory effects of AuNPs on an antioxidant system in male Wistar diabetic rats with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Normal littermates fed by control mothers were injected with citrate buffer alone and served as normal, untreated controls controlin this study. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (100 mg/kg) to the pups of (ND) diabetic group, which had been fasted overnight. Autistic pups from mothers that had received a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception were randomly divided into 2 groups (n 2 7/group) as follow; administering single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) ( (100 mg/kg) to the overnight fasted autistic pups of (AD) autistic diabetic group. The treatment was started on the 5th day after STZ injection with the same dose as in group II and it was considered as 1st day of treatment with gold nanoparticles for 7 days to each rat of (group IV) treated autistic diabetic group(TAD) at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg. b. wt. Results: At this dose of administration AuNPs, the activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase were greater in group TAD compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Oxidised glutathione levels were lower (P > 0.05) in the liver of autistic diabetic AuNPs -supplemented rats, whereas reduced glutathione was markedly higher than in control rats, especially after administration of AuNPs. Moreover, the kidney functions in addition to the fat profile scoring supported the protective potential of that dose of AuNPs. The beta cells revealed euchromatic nuclei with no evidence of separation of nuclear membrane. Conclusions: Our results showed that AuNPs improved many of the oxidative stress parameters (SOD, GPx and, CAT), plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and lipid profile relative to the other parameters. In addition to the apparent reversibility of the pancreatic B cell in group IV which may reflect the regenerative capacity of AuNPs.

scholarly journals STUDY OF ABNORMAL PALMER CREASES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN NORTH INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Avni Gupta ◽  
Aakanksha Kharb ◽  
Sujata Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Early Management

INTRODUCTION: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized mainly by deficits in social and communication patterns. Aberrant gene environment interactions during fetal development leads to formation of minor physical anomalies such as abnormal palmar creases commonly seen in autism spectrum disorder. AIM: To compare the prevalence of abnormal palmar creases in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children. METHODOLOGY:It was a case controlled cross sectional study conducted in departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics of Pt. B.D. Sharma, PGIMS Rohtak. Fifty children of age 4-16 years with diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (case group) and fifty typically developing children (control group) were recruited. A digital camera of 13 megapixels was used to click photographs of the palms of children. Palmar crease patterns of fifty children with diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder were compared with the control group. RESULTS:The prevalence of abnormal palmar creases in case group was higher (47%) than in control group (14%).The prevalence of Simian crease in case group was double (22%) as compared to one in control group i.e. 11%. The prevalence of Sydney crease in case group was 21%, while in control group it was only 3%. The prevalence of Suwon crease in case group was 4%,while it was not seen in control group. CONCLUSION:Children with abnormal palmar creases help in early screening of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder helping in early management of these children leading to better outcomes and alleviation of parental stress and burden

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder and food neophobia: clinical and subclinical links

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L Wallace ◽  
Clare Llewellyn ◽  
Alison Fildes ◽  
Angelica Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been linked with eating- and feeding-related atypicalities, including food neophobia (FN) (refusal to try unfamiliar foods), since its earliest description. Nevertheless, whether associations between ASD traits and FN extend subclinically into the broader population of children and their potential additive health impacts remains unexplored. Objective We examined ASD-control group differences in FN and ASD trait-FN trait associations, as well as the ability of FN and autistic traits to predict one index of later health-related outcomes [body mass index (BMI)]. Design Participants in the present study were a large community-based sample of 8- to 11-y-olds (n = 4564), including a relatively small group of children diagnosed with ASD (n = 37). Parents of these 8- to 11-y-old children completed assessments of FN and autistic traits and provided height and weight metrics at 12 y of age. Results Children with ASD were rated as more food neophobic than their same-age non-ASD peers (2.67 ± 0.83 compared with 2.22 ± 0.73; P < 0.001), and there were subclinical associations between FN and ASD traits (social, communication, and restricted/repetitive behavior) in this community-based sample of children (P < 0.05). Moreover, whereas FN alone predicted lower BMI, the interaction of FN and ASD traits predicted higher BMI (P ≤ 0.01), suggesting that elevated ASD traits in combination with FN exert opposing influences on weight compared with FN alone. Conclusions These findings implicate clinical and subclinical connections between ASD traits and feeding behaviors that could affect health outcomes and therefore should be further explored in future studies of shared etiology and intervention strategy.

scholarly journals Minor Physical Anomalies in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Manouilenko ◽  
Jonna M. Eriksson ◽  
Mats B. Humble ◽  
Susanne Bejerot
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Minor Physical Anomalies ◽  
Adults With Asd

Minor Physical Anomalies (MPAs) are subtle abnormalities of the head, face, and limbs, without significant cosmetic or functional impact to the individual. They are assumed to represent external markers of developmental deviations during foetal life. MPAs have been suggested to indicate severity in mental illness and constitute external markers for atypical brain development. Higher frequencies of MPAs can be found in children with autism. The aims of the present study were to examine the prevalence and patterns of MPAs in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to investigate whether MPAs are associated with symptom severity and overall functioning. Fifty adults with ASD and intelligence within the normal range and 53 healthy controls were examined with the Waldrop scale, an instrument for assessing MPAs. Face and feet were photographed enabling blinded assessment. Significant differences between the ASD and the control group were found on the MPA total scores, and also in the craniofacial region scores. Moreover, the shape of the ears was associated with autistic traits, in the ASD group. High MPA total scores were associated with poorer functioning. The findings suggest a link between MPAs, autistic traits, and level of functioning. Assessment of MPAs may assist in the diagnostic procedure of psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Autistic traits in gender dysphoria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna van der Miesen ◽  
Annelou de Vries ◽  
Thomas Steensma ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control

Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate autistic traits in youth with gender dysphoria (GD). Earlier research demostrated higher prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in GD. Method A group of 539 children has registered at the Knowledge and Care center for Gender dysphoria of the VU Medical Centre in Amsterdam. The children went through diagnostic process conform the protocol. During the diagnostic process, the child’s parents completed a standardized questionnaire: the Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) for measurement of autistic traits. The experimental group was compared with a healthy control group (N = 232) and a group (N = 554) clinically diagnosed with ASD. Results Significantly more autistic traits were found in youth with GD compared to healthy controls (p = <.05). Youth with GD however, scored significantly lower than youth from the ASD group (p = <.05). Boys with GD and girls with GD did not score significantly different and neither did children and adolescents. Of the participants with GD, 15.4% scored higher than the average of the CSBQ score of the ASD group. Discussion and conclusion Youth with GD showed more autistic traits than youth from the healthy control group. Children with autistic traits could be more susceptible to develop GD because they have more rigid thinking, obsessions and stereotyped behavior. Identity development might be different in children with autistic traits. More research is needed to determine the existence of a possible relation between ASD and GD. Clinicians should be aware of the occurrence of autistic traits in youth with GD because of the problems that this could potentially provide during the diagnostic and treatment process.

scholarly journals The Relation of Gene Polymorphism Interferon Gamma+874 A/T and Schizophrenia Occurred in Batak Ethnicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Roslinda Damanik ◽  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
M. Surya Husada
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Relationship Of

BACKGROUND: Massive heritability occurs in schizophrenia. Gene identification which is defenceless against this disorder is difficult to be proven. The potential aspect of gen vulnerability in developing schizophrenic symptoms, for instance, is shown by several complex gene of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10. AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of gene polymorphism of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) +874 A/T and schizophrenia symptoms to Batak’s schizophrenic patients. METHODS: This study is a case–control study involved with 248 subjects from Prof. M. Ildrem Medan Hospital. The subjects were divided into two groups, the first group (124 subjects) was recruited as the case group, while the other 124 subjects were grouped as control cases with ages of 20–55 years of old. The case study group was hospitalized patients in the hospital, while the control group is those donors in the blood transfusion unit at Pirngadi General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. IFN-γ +874 A/T gene polymorphism was examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Genotype AT frequencies from gen IFN-γ +874 A/T were found higher in case study than those from control groups, which were accounted for 43.5% and 41.1%, respectively, with p = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) = 2.83 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–5.86. The allele T was displayed higher in case group compared to control groups contributed for 46.0% and 33.5%, respectively, with p = 0.006, OR = 0.59 95% (CI) 0.41–0.85, (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: There was a relationship between gen IFN-γ +874 A/T and schizophrenia on Batak ethnicity with schizophrenic disorder. The genotype AT contributes for increasing schizoprenic risk up to 2.83 times.

scholarly journals A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Dubey ◽  
Bhaskar Thakur ◽  
Sheryl Rodriguez ◽  
Jessika Cox ◽  
Sheralyn Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThere is emerging evidence demonstrating an association between maternal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, however, the cumulative effect of maternal PCOS on the development of ASD or other neuropsychiatry disorders (NPD) in children and separately for males and females has not been examined. We sought to systematically evaluate the influence of maternal PCOS on a wide range of NPD including ASD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic tic disorder (CDT), other behavior disorders, anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia in children as well as in women of reproductive age only. We queried electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, until March 2021. We used DerSimonian and Laird (D-L) random effects method to compute pooled effect size in terms of odds ratio (OR). Nineteen studies (1667851 mothers, 2260622 children) were included in this study. Mothers with PCOS had an increased odds of children diagnosed with ASD (OR = 1.40, p < 0.001), ADHD (OR = 1.42, p < 0.001), CTD (OR = 1.44, p = 0.001), anxiety (OR = 1.33, p < 0.001), as well as other behavioral symptoms (OR = 1.45, p < 0.001) in the adjusted analysis. The association between maternal PCOS and ASD (OR: 1.43 vs. 1.66), ADHD (OR: 1.39 vs. 1.54), and CTD (OR: 1.42 vs. 1.51) was found to be significantly consistent between males and females, respectively. Our data do not suggest increased fetal testosterone exposure is associated with increased autistic traits in children. However, PCOS was significantly associated with increased odds of a wide range of NPD in women themselves. Maternal PCOS is a risk factor for various NPD with a similar extent in their children regardless of their underlying comorbidities. Managing PCOS is essential for women’s health as well as for their children’s health. More research is needed to determine the mechanisms and links between maternal PCOS and NPD in children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document