“Shearing Phenomena at High Pressures of Possible Importance for Geology.” Journal of Geology, Vol. XLIV, pp. 653–669, 1936. By P. W. Bridgman.

Geophysics ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-380
Author(s):  
C. Maynard Boos
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fundamental Constants ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Produce Flow

Contributions from Bridgman’s high‐pressure laboratory at Harvard are always of interest. In the present article he discusses flow, and the shearing stresses necessary to produce flow under high pressure for a wide variety of substances. Rigidity, or the resistance to shearing stress, is one of the fundamental constants of the seismologist, and Bridgman here deals with shearing stresses under conditions of great pressure comparable to those under which seismic data are obtained. The experiments were made at room temperatures, but at pressures as high as [Formula: see text] corresponding to those prevailing at depths of 166 km. Few rocks now available for examination at the surface of the earth are likely to have been buried so deep.

scholarly journals The thermal conductivity of the Earth's core and implications for its thermal and compositional evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Ohta ◽  
Kei Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Iron Alloys ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
High Pressures And Temperatures

Abstract Precise determinations of the thermal conductivity of iron alloys at high pressures and temperatures are essential for understanding the thermal history and dynamics of the metallic cores of the Earth. We review relevant high-pressure experiments using a diamond-anvil cell and discuss implications of high core conductivity for its thermal and compositional evolution.

scholarly journals High-pressure synthesis of ε-FeOOH from β-FeOOH and its application to the water oxidation catalyst

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (73) ◽  
pp. 44756-44767
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Mukai ◽  
Tomiko M. Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Uyama ◽  
Takamasa Nonaka ◽  
Takeshi Morikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
High Pressure Synthesis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Pressure Synthesis ◽  
Space Sciences

Research on materials under extreme conditions such as high pressures provides new insights into the evolution and dynamics of the earth and space sciences, but recently, this research has focused on applications as functional materials.

Effects of incomplete parameterization on full-wavefield viscoelastic seismic data for petrophysical reservoir properties

Geophysics ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. O9-O17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Upendra K. Tiwari ◽  
George A. McMechan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Elastic Model ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Model Parameterization ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Incomplete Model

In inversion of viscoelastic full-wavefield seismic data, the choice of model parameterization influences the uncertainties and biases in estimating seismic and petrophysical parameters. Using an incomplete model parameterization results in solutions in which the effects of missing parameters are attributed erroneously to the parameters that are included. Incompleteness in this context means assuming the earth is elastic rather than viscoelastic. The inclusion of compressional and shear-wave quality factors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in inversion gives better estimates of reservoir properties than the less complete (elastic) model parameterization. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are sensitive primarily to fluid types and saturations. The parameter correlations are sensitive also to the model parameterization. As noise increases in the viscoelastic input data, the resolution of the estimated parameters decreases, but the parameter correlations are relatively unaffected by modest noise levels.

Peculiarities of high-pressure hydrogen adsorption on Pt catalyzed Cu-BTC metal–organic framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 4277-4286
Author(s):  
S. V. Chuvikov ◽  
E. A. Berdonosova ◽  
A. Krautsou ◽  
J. V. Kostina ◽  
V. V. Minin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Pt Catalyst ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Pt Catalyzed ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen ◽  
Organic Framework

Pt-Catalyst plays a key role in hydrogen adsorption by Cu-BTC at high pressures.

scholarly journals Crystal and electronic structure engineering of tin monoxide by external pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Junjie Wang ◽  
Vladislav A. Blatov ◽  
Yutong Gong ◽  
Naoto Umezawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Tin Monoxide ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Pressure Phase

AbstractAlthough tin monoxide (SnO) is an interesting compound due to its p-type conductivity, a widespread application of SnO has been limited by its narrow band gap of 0.7 eV. In this work, we theoretically investigate the structural and electronic properties of several SnO phases under high pressures through employing van der Waals (vdW) functionals. Our calculations reveal that a metastable SnO (β-SnO), which possesses space group P21/c and a wide band gap of 1.9 eV, is more stable than α-SnO at pressures higher than 80 GPa. Moreover, a stable (space group P2/c) and a metastable (space group Pnma) phases of SnO appear at pressures higher than 120 GPa. Energy and topological analyses show that P2/c-SnO has a high possibility to directly transform to β-SnO at around 120 GPa. Our work also reveals that β-SnO is a necessary intermediate state between high-pressure phase Pnma-SnO and low-pressure phase α-SnO for the phase transition path Pnma-SnO →β-SnO → α-SnO. Two phase transition analyses indicate that there is a high possibility to synthesize β-SnO under high-pressure conditions and have it remain stable under normal pressure. Finally, our study reveals that the conductive property of β-SnO can be engineered in a low-pressure range (0–9 GPa) through a semiconductor-to-metal transition, while maintaining transparency in the visible light range.

On the Negative Excess Isotherms for Methane Adsorption at High Pressure: Modeling and Experiment

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 2504-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Keliu Wu ◽  
Zhangxin Chen ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Pore Wall ◽  
Void Volume ◽  
Excess Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Accessible Volume ◽  
Adsorbed Phase

Summary An excess adsorption amount obtained in experiments is always determined by mass balance with a void volume measured by helium (He) –expansion tests. However, He, with a small kinetic diameter, can penetrate into narrow pores in porous media that are inaccessible to adsorbate gases [e.g., methane (CH4)]. Thus, the actual accessible volume for a specific adsorbate is always overestimated by an He–based void volume; such overestimation directly leads to errors in the determination of excess isotherms in the laboratory, such as “negative isotherms” for gas adsorption at high pressures, which further affects an accurate description of total gas in place (GIP) for shale–gas reservoirs. In this work, the mass balance for determining the adsorbed amount is rewritten, and two particular concepts, an “apparent excess adsorption” and an “actual excess adsorption,” are considered. Apparent adsorption is directly determined by an He–based volume, corresponding to the traditional treatment in experimental conditions, whereas actual adsorption is determined by an adsorbate–accessible volume, where pore–wall potential is always nonpositive (i.e., an attractive molecule/pore–wall interaction). Results show the following: The apparent excess isotherm determined by the He–based volume gradually becomes negative at high pressures, but the actual one determined by the adsorbate–accessible volume always remains positive.The negative adsorption phenomenon in the apparent excess isotherm is a result of the overestimation in the adsorbate–accessible volume, and a larger overestimation leads to an earlier appearance of this negative adsorption.The positive amount in the actual excess isotherm indicates that the adsorbed phase is always denser than the bulk gas because of the molecule/pore–wall attraction aiding the compression of the adsorbed molecules. Practically, an overestimation in pore volume (PV) is only 3.74% for our studied sample, but it leads to an underestimation reaching up to 22.1% in the actual excess amount at geologic conditions (i.e., approximately 47 MPa and approximately 384 K). Such an overestimation in PV also underestimates the proportions of the adsorbed–gas amount to the free–gas amount and to the total GIP. Therefore, our present work underlines the importance of a void volume in the determination of adsorption isotherms; moreover, we establish a path for a more–accurate evaluation of gas storage in geologic shale reservoirs with high pressure.

scholarly journals Gaseous combustion at high pressures. —Part X. The co-volume corrections, maximum temperatures and dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide in explosions

1928 ◽  
Vol 119 (782) ◽  
pp. 464-480
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Explosion Method ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Very High

During the researches upon high-pressure explosions of carbonic oxide-air, hydrogen-air, etc., mixtures, which have been described in the previous papers of this series, a mass of data has been accumulated relating to the influence of density and temperature upon the internal energy of gases and the dissociation of steam and carbon dioxide. Some time ago, at Prof. Bone’s request, the author undertook a systematic survey of the data in question, and the present paper summarises some of the principal results thereof, which it is hoped will throw light upon problems interesting alike to chemists, physicists and internal-combustion engineers. The explosion method affords the only means known at present of determining the internal energies of gases at very high temperatures, and it has been used for this purpose for upwards of 50 years. Although by no means without difficulties, arising from uncertainties of some of the assumptions upon which it is based, yet, for want of a better, its results have been generally accepted as being at least provisionally valuable. Amongst the more recent investigations which have attracted attention in this connection should be mentioned those of Pier, Bjerrum, Siegel and Fenning, all of whom worked at low or medium pressures.

scholarly journals Annealing of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy at High Pressures: Evolution of Microstructure and the Corrosion Behavior

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2076
Author(s):  
Chuanjun Suo ◽  
Pan Ma ◽  
Yandong Jia ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Xuerong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Extrusion Direction ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Annealing Pressure ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

Extruded Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy samples with grains aligned parallel to the extrusion direction were subjected to high-pressure annealing. The effects of annealing pressure on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion properties (evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) were investigated. Phase analysis showed the presence of MgZn2 and α-Al phases, the MgZn2 phase dissolved into the matrix, and its amount decreased with the increasing annealing pressure. The recrystallization was inhibited, and the grains were refined, leading to an increase in the Vickers hardness with increasing the annealing pressure. The corrosion resistance was improved after high-pressure treatment, and a stable passivation layer was observed. Meanwhile, the number of corrosion pits and the width of corrosion cracks decreased in the high-pressure annealed samples.

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