Treating depression complicated by substance misuse

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire McIntosh ◽  
Bruce Ritson
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Drug Addict ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

Dependence on alcohol or other drugs is a depressing experience. The way of life of the individual who is dependent on alcohol is replete with incidents that are demoralising, waking daily with a hangover or with tremor and retching, coupled with amnesia for events of the night before, a sense of inability to face the day ahead and awareness of recriminations at work and at home. Little wonder that depressed mood is common in such circumstances. Similarly, the drug addict, when life is dominated by the daily problem of obtaining supplies of a substance that brings transient relief or pleasure but also experiences of an impoverished existence and low mood. Add to this the fact that the biological action of many commonly misused substances can induce depression then it is hardly surprising that depression is common in this population. There are also a smaller number who use alcohol or illicit drugs to cope with primary depression. Teasing out the interplay of affect and substance misuse is a challenge for the general psychiatrist and the addiction specialist.

scholarly journals Social Factors and Psychological Predictors of Life Satisfaction at Military Institutes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
M. V. Sysolyatin
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
Military Community ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Lifestyle Satisfaction ◽  
Junior Students ◽  
The Way

The research identifies the relationship between satisfaction with the way of life and various socio-psychological factors. The study involved 1–5-year male cadets of a military university (N=255, average age = 20,2 years). To identify factors that influence cadets' satisfaction with their lifestyle, the authors used proprietary techniques, a questionnaire for diagnosing the level of social frustration by L. I. Wasserman modified by V. V. Boiko, and the methodology of the study of value orientations by M. Rokich. The study showed the dependence of the factors determining the cadets' satisfaction with the way of life on the year of study. For junior students, it was the military team factors and the place of the individual in the team. For graduates, the most significant factors were those that emphasized their belonging to the military community. The most significant predictors of lifestyle satisfaction were the characteristics of a subjective assessment of one’s status in a military team, a positive assessment of professional choice, and conditions of service and prospects after graduation.

Problems due to use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

Archaeological evidence has demonstrated that for at least the past 10,000 years humans have been using psychoactive substances. From the chewing of coca leaves in Ancient Peru (c.4000– 3000 bce) to the popular use of laudanum in Victorian England, the recreational, cultural, and medicinal use of ‘mind- altering’ substances has been widespread. As of 2016, alcohol and other psychoactive substances remain a leading cause of medical and social problems world­wide: humans are clearly vulnerable to their attrac­tion. Although a myriad of substances are available, only a few are commonly used, and all tend to produce similar harms upon the individual and society. This chapter will provide a general approach to managing a patient presenting with a problem stemming from substance misuse. It is extremely difficult to gather accurate data on the use of substances in the general population, especially if they are illegal. It is therefore likely that most figures are underestimations of the true incidence. The WHO estimates that tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs are a factor in 12.4 per cent of all deaths worldwide. This is a stark reminder of the severity that problems associated with substance usage can reach, but the morbidity sur­rounding them affects a much wider section of society. In the UK, 80 per cent of adults drink alcohol, 19 per cent smoke tobacco, and 30 per cent admit to having used an illegal drug at least once in their lifetime. Worldwide, the highest prevalence of drug misuse is found in the 16- to 30- year age group, with males outnumbering females at a ratio of 4 to 1. Table 29.1 shows a selection of epidemiological figures associ­ated with commonly used substances. Substance misuse is associated with an array of con­fusing terminology, the majority describing different disorders that may occur due to use of any substance. The following terms are internationally agreed and ap­pear in major classification systems:… ● Intoxication is the direct psychological and physical effects of the substance that are dose dependent and time limited. They are individual to the substance and typically include both pleasurable and unpleasant symptoms.

British Society in India under the East India Company

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
East India Company ◽  
British Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
White People ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Anglo Indian ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

The British in India have always fascinated their fellow countrymen. From the eighteenth century until the demise of the Raj innumerable publications described the way of life of white people in India for the delectation of a public at home. Post-colonial Britain evidently still retains a voracious appetite for anecdotes of the Raj and accounts of themores of what is often represented as a bizarre Anglo-Indian world. Beneath the welter of apparent triviality, historians are, however, finding issues of real significance.

scholarly journals Education as a factor of cultural reproduction and cultural production

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 483-496
Author(s):  
Nataša Nikolić ◽  
Radovan Antonijević
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Individual Culture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
The Way

Striving to emphasize the complex and dynamic relationships and mutual connection between the concepts of education and cultures, the aim of this work is to present the role of education in the process of cultural reproduction and the process of cultural production. Culture, with its meaning and values, pervades the educational process in all respects. Education is a process of reproduction, as well as a process of production and transformation of culture. The question analyzed in this paper is: where does education stand between cultural reproduction and cultural production? Cultural reproduction is a process that seeks to preserve a culture more or less as it is. The role of education in cultural reproduction is and can be considered at several levels, namely: at the level of collective culture, in culture and at the level of individual culture. As one of the most important intermediaries of culture between the individual and culture, according to many authors, the school stands out. By setting curricula that are mandatory and universal to a large extent, it allows its children to be exposed to a specific set of ideas, knowledge, beliefs, values, and attitudes. The dimensions of the curriculum, by whose analysis the role of the school in cultural reproduction can be followed, are: goals; educational materials and teaching methods. The hidden curriculum in education plays an important role in performing the function of cultural reproduction. The school successfully performs cultural reproduction, because the school itself, as well as culture, represents a certain life. The way of life in the school will be close to the way the culture, that the school belongs to, lives. On the other hand, in education there is the potential for the introduction of innovations and changes. This means that education also contributes to cultural production. In order to really promote cultural production, some innovations must be submitted to the school. Supporters of the socio-cultural approach offer numerous opportunities for organizing the educational process so that they are in the service of production. Some of the possibilities are: transforming the learning discourse, building a network of learners' literacy, and transforming assessment methods. It is necessary that education is based on interactions and dialogue with the active role of students, because only in this way will we get students used to thinking and acting productively.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF MUSIC FOR THE PREVENTION AND WELFARE OF THE EVILS CAUSED IN SOCIETY BY MENTAL DISTORTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Kinshuk Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Transition Phase ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The entire world is changing at a very fast pace since the transition phase of postmodernism. Science has, through various inventions, acquired complete dominance over the individual today. The use of Yantra in every sphere of life has made man himself a Yantra. All these changes have changed the way of life of human beings. Due to which mental distortions have taken place inside the person and evils have occurred in the society. Therefore, music is the only medium which is capable of destroying the evils generated in society. सम्पूर्ण विष्व आज उत्तर आधुनिकता के संक्रमणकाल के दौर से बड़ी तेज रफ्तार से बदल रहा है। विज्ञान ने आज विभिन्न अविष्कारों के माध्यम से व्यक्ति पर अपना पूर्णतः आधिपत्य जमा लिया है। जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में यंत्र के प्रयोग ने मानव को स्वयं एक यंत्र बना दिया है। इन समस्त परिवर्तनों ने मानव की जीवन पद्धति को बदल दिया है। जिस कारण व्यक्ति के अंदर मानसिक विकृतियों ने जन्म लिया है और समाज मे कुरीतियाँ उत्पन्न हुई। अतः संगीत ही एक ऐसा माध्यम है जो समाज में उत्पन्न कुरीतियों को जड़ से नष्ट करने में सक्षम है।

Reflective blindness, depression and unpleasant experiences

Analysis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-693
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ventham
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper defends a ‘Desire Account’ of unpleasant experiences. That is, it defends the claim that what makes an experience unpleasant is the subject non-derivatively desiring for that experience to stop. It defends the account by addressing one of its most prominent counterexamples: subjects who experience depression. A proper understanding of depression and its symptoms reveals two important mistakes that philosophers make about it. The first mistake is that depressed subjects need always have a low mood, the second is a conflation of two of depression’s most paradigmatic symptoms: depressed mood and anhedonia. This paper corrects these mistakes, and does so in a way that both demonstrates support for the Desire Account and teaches us lessons more generally about the way we treat the example of depression in meta-ethics.

scholarly journals The Concept of Law and Justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Ilir QABRATI
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Common Path ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Abstract Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

From the views and changes that have followed the dynamism of our society, undoubtedly, law and justice have played a crucial role as a very abstract term that has been consumed almost from the first beginnings of human society to our modern days. Beyond the events and circumstances that societies in the past have had and organized by defining and choosing the way of life, and often times the right has been personalized by a certain group of people, or by a military division that has given rights and has created justice, in certain interests and for personal and charismatic purposes it has been denied a certain part of society, and has often been deformed in scandalous ways by reflecting, on the fact that the giver of this right has often been pointed out to be the man, but this convulsion in no case has lasted long, and often this theory has remained unrealized, reflecting that right is something natural and that the individual gains at the moment of birth and enjoys it to death, this divergence and complexity of the way of perceiving the law has often resulted in wars and the acquisition of this vital right.  Through this paper we will draw philosophical and legal paradigms, analyzing from a retrospective way of the application of law and the applicability of justice, as an important mechanism of regulation of social relations.  Law and justice have a common path of development, one by regulating the way of life of the people, that is, by issuing norms and the other by giving justice to the relative complexity and cohesion of interpersonal relations. 

scholarly journals PHILOSOPHY OF GANDHI: VIEWS ON RELIGION AND GOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (47) ◽  
pp. 11495-11507
Author(s):  
Yugendar Nathi
Keyword(s):  
Way Of Life ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Personal Concern ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Ideal ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Religion, according to Gandhi, is more or less, a way of life, and as such is the personal concern of the individual who has to choose his way of life. Gandhi believes that different religions are the different ways of apprehending the Truth. The basic conviction of Gandhi is that there is one reality – that of God, which is nothing else but Truth. His religious ideas are also derived from that conviction. If Truth is God, sincere pursuit of Truth is religion. Religion is ordinarily defined as devotion to some higher power or principle, Gandhi is not against such a description of religion, he only qualifies it further by saying that higher principle being truth, devotion to Truth (or God) is religion. Gandhi believes that true religion has to be practical. Therefore, he says that religion should pervade every aspect of our life. Religion is the belief that there is an ordered moral government of the universe, and this belief must have practical bearings for all aspects of life. According to Gandhi there is no difference between religious ideal and metaphysical or moral ideal, the religious way is also the way of truth – Sathyagraha. This paper discuss about Gandhi’s ideas of God, religion, the way of religion and the religious harmony in the world.

scholarly journals LIFE AS OPPOSED TO THE NORM

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
N.V. Fedorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Common People ◽  
Holy Fool ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The article examines human life as opposed to the norm through foolishness. In different periods of history, the cult of foolishness underwent changes in the attitude towards it from the side of the common people and the authorities. The holy fools were revered as saints and canonized, and at the same time they tried to ban them, destroy them physically, and isolate them. Through foolishness, the abnormal in society and in the individual was opposed to the other abnormal. The abnormal was revealed through the imaginary abnormal. Choosing foolishness, most often consciously, as the way of life, the fool through his abnormality, pointed to the abnormal in society. Thanks to this trick, the holy fools got the opportunity to influence the life of not only an average person, but also those who could change society as a whole. The price of this opposition was the life of the holy fool.

Soil Science and Archaeology with Illustrations from some British Bronze Age Monuments

1954 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Environmental Archaeology ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Soil Evidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Archaeological Objects ◽  
Geological Context ◽  
The Way

Archaeologists of earlier generations were often interested exclusively in the artifacts of early man. We have now learned that the geological context in which they are found and the natural objects associated with them are often as important as the artifacts themselves for the reconstruction of the way of life of ancient peoples. The soil itself, in which archaeological objects occur, can, in certain cases, tell us something about the way in which it has been formed and therefore about the environment and habits of the people concerned.This paper is a small selection from our ‘case-book’ in the Department of Environmental Archaeology of the London University Institute of Archaeology, designed to illustrate some of our methods and giving results from a number of Bronze Age monuments which have been studied during the last few years.This particular material was chosen because the problems presented by the individual sites are linked, in many cases, by a constantly recurring question as to how the climate of the British Bronze Age differed from that of the present day. The amount of soil evidence now accumulating does point, on the whole, to a Bronze-Age climate characteristically different.

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