Mental Health in an Indian Rural Community

1971 ◽  
Vol 118 (546) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Elnagar ◽  
Promila Maitra ◽  
M. N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

The difficulties of organizing mental health services in developing countries are made all the greater by inadequacy of information about the extent of illness and disability. Some beginnings have been made in India, particularly under the sponsorship of the All India Institute of Mental Health, Bangalore. The Mental Health Advisory Committee of the Government of India (1966) suggested a probable prevalence of mental illness of 20 per 1,000 population in general, 18 per mille for semi-rural and 14 per mille for rural areas. These figures are much lower than the 72 per 1,000 suggested by Sethi et al. (1967). Ganguli (1968) estimated a prevalence rate of 140 per 1,000 in industrial workers near Delhi. Incidence rates have been much less studied than prevalences (Lin and Standley, 1962). A WHO Expert Committee on mental health convened in 1960 suggested as a working definition of a case of mental illness:

The Gravely Inadequate Definition of a “Mentally Ill Person” in the Mental Health Act (New South Wales) 1983

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Durham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
New South ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Definition Of

The definition, given in Section 5 of the new Act, of a “mentally ill person” is examined. It is argued that this “definition” is cumbersome, logically incoherent, and impractical. It is predicted that if given effect it will have very unwelcome consequences. Various sources of inherent misunderstanding and uncertainty are noted. Arguments are presented for allowing severe mental illness itself rather than its consequences to be the ground for involuntary hospitalization in certain circumstances. Various suggestions are proposed for the Section's amendment. These fall into two categories, depending upon alternative assumptions: (1) minor improvements, upon the pessimistic assumption that the main structure and content of the definition will be retained; (2) more radical amendment, involving the abandonment of the entire present structure of the section, and the adoption of a working definition of “mental illness” with clear safeguards against error and abuse. The nature and requirements of such a definition are discussed.

scholarly journals Policing, Crime and Mental Illness in England and Wales: Insights from the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Frank Kitt ◽  
Colin Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Police Service ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Made In

Mental illness pervades most societies, but it is only recently that its impact and effects upon individuals has slowly been recognised in England and Wales. When people suffering from this illness become involved with various public agencies, the way they are dealt with appears inconsistent and on occasions ends in tragedy. One agency that is constantly in contact with people who suffer mental health illness is the police service. Some high profile cases have clearly illustrated misunderstandings and the fact that the police are not generally equipped to deal with such individuals. This article considers a brief history and theoretical backcloth to police understanding and framing of mental illness in England and Wales, and explores the National Liaison and Diversion Model as an alternative to traditional police understanding and response. The article suggests that only by understanding the historical context, and literature, surrounding mental illness, can improvements be made in the criminal justice system as a whole and within the police service in particular.

The Role of Rural and Urban Geography and Gender in Community Stigma Around Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
pp. 109019812097496
Author(s):  
Shawnda Schroeder ◽  
Chih Ming Tan ◽  
Brian Urlacher ◽  
Thomasine Heitkamp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Mental Illness Stigma ◽  
Stigma Scale ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
And Gender

Empirical evidence describes the negative outcomes people with mental health disorders experience due to societal stigma. The aim of this study was to examine the role of gender and rural-urban living in perceptions about mental illness. Participants completed the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale, a nationally validated instrument for measuring stigma. Directors of Chambers of Commerce in North Dakota distributed the electronic survey to their members. Additionally, distribution occurred through use of social media and other snowball sampling approaches. Analysis of data gathered from 749 participants occurred through examination of the difference in perceptions based on geography and gender. The zip codes of residence were sorted to distinguish between rural and urban participants. Application of weighting measures ensured closer alignment with the general population characteristics. Findings indicate that for the majority of the seven stigma measures the Day’s Mental Illness Stigma Scale examines, the coefficient of rural–gender interactions was positive and highly significant with higher levels of stigma in rural areas. Females exhibited lower stigma perceptions than males. However, women living in rural areas held higher degrees of stigma compared to urban residing females. Implications of the study include the need to advance mental health literacy campaigns for males and people residing in rural communities. Additional empirical studies that examine the role of geography and gender in understanding stigma toward people with mental health disorders will result in improved treatment outcomes due to increased and focused educational efforts.

A Short Scale for the Assessment of Mental Health in the Community Aged

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (498) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Savage ◽  
P. G. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Psychometric Test ◽  
Health It ◽  
Short Scale ◽  
Made In

Recent years have seen increase of interest in problems relating to the health of the aged. One of the major difficulties has been the practical problem of assessment, whether it be of physical, social or mental health. It is essential that any measures employed are appropriate to the aged population, should be easy and brief to administer, as well as being reliable and valid. Some advances have been made in tests of cognitive functioning developed or derived for use with the aged (Dixon, 1965; Britton and Savage, 1966). As yet, however, no simple psychometric test has been proposed for aiding the psychologist, psychiatrist, general practitioner, social scientist or those concerned with the care of the community aged in the early recognition of possible psychiatric abnormality. This report aims to remedy this omission to a certain extent. We have derived from an extensively used psychometric measure, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI, Hathaway and McKinley, 1951), a short scale of fifteen questions which has been shown to be a valid, easily usable measure of mental illness in the aged.

scholarly journals Die rol van die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige in die voorkoming en hantering van geestesongesteldheid

Curationis ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Community Nurse ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Definition Of

A definition of community nursing was given, and the following roles of the community nurse was briefly described: - A provider for primary health care. - A provider of personal health care to non-hospital patients. - A n advisor. - A n observer. The special skills that a community nurse must have was also briefly discussed. The role of the community nurse in the handling and prevention of mental illness at the three levels of prevention was discussed, and criteria for the measurement of mental health was highlighted.

scholarly journals Advances in the Basicneeds Mental Health Services and Development Model of Mental Illness in Rural China

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Chen ◽  
Yunshu Zhang ◽  
Jinghua Cao ◽  
Keqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Mental Health Patients

Basicneeds Foundation as an international charitable organization，after years of efforts，it explores a suitable for the development of mental health services and the development model and developed countries.It makes the majority of mental health patients recover their health, social function and the ability to work has been restored.Since 2012, carried out in China, also made a lot of results.This article starts from Basicneeds’s five modules, which were summarized in China Baoding Shunping rural areas, for mental illness research progress.At the same time, the Basicneeds group also hopes to improve its model, making it more suitable for the situation in China, and in more places be promoted.

scholarly journals ‘Offenders, Deviants or Patients’ - Comments on Part Two of the White Paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Herschel Prins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
The Government

<p align="LEFT">The Government White Paper Reforming the Mental Health Act follows closely on the heels of the Green Paper - Reform of the Mental Health Act, 1983 which derives from (but also departs from in many respects) the Report of the Expert Committee chaired by Professor Genevra Richardson. One could say, with some justification, that mental health professionals have been ‘deluged’ with paper in this area in the past year or two, so that trying to discern trends has become very difficult. In particular, the material in the White Paper is somewhat closely written and needs to be read with a good deal of care (or, so it seemed to me). To complicate matters further, offender-patients are also discussed in Part I of the White Paper (The Legal Framework) whereas it would have been more logical to have dealt with the proposed provisions for them in Part II. For clarity, I propose to deal with all these matters under one heading.</p>

scholarly journals An Inconvenient Mirror: Do we already have the next Mental Health Act?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
David Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Broad Definition ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Draft Bill ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Aspects

<p>The Government intends to replace the Mental Health Act 1983, and the most recent of its proposals were contained in the Draft Mental Health Bill published in June 2004.</p><p>The 1983 Act is now very different to the statute introduced at the end of 1982. Parliament and the courts have made a number of significant changes over the last 20-odd years, and they have brought us a lot closer to the next Mental Health Act than many people – and possibly even the Government – suppose. In fact, those changes may have brought us rather close to the Draft Mental Health Bill. That will be an uncomfortable thought for many people.</p><p>This paper will consider five key aspects of the Draft Mental Health Bill:</p><p>• the provisions dealing with risk and treatability;</p><p>• the notion of compulsion in the community;</p><p>• the status of the Code of Practice; and</p><p>• the abolition of the Approved Social Worker.</p><p>The paper will ask whether, because of the changes of the last two decades, the current Mental Health Act has already arrived at much the same point. In addition, the paper will consider the position of incapable patients. Although the Draft Bill contains precious few proposals about them, the paper will ask whether recent developments have made a broad definition of mental disorder all but essential.</p>

scholarly journals The new Mental Disorder Tribunal

2014 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mark Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
The Government

<p>In its final report the Expert Committee on reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 chaired by Professor Genevra Richardson proposed a new Mental Disorder Tribunal. This tribunal would have fundamentally different functions, composition, procedure and powers to the present Mental Health Review Tribunals (MHRTs). The Committee’s objective was not merely to repair the failings of the present MHRT system but to replace it with a new structure promoting the principles of patient autonomy and non-discrimination. Reading the Committee report and the Government’s Green Paper proposals in response together it soon becomes clear that the Government has rejected the recommendation that the new mental health law should be based on principles of autonomy and nondiscrimination. In their place the Green Paper puts “safety” and “risk”. While it will incorporate safeguards to ensure compliance with the Human Rights Act 1998, the “dual aims” of the new Mental Health Act are to be to ensure the health and safety of patients and safety of the public. Whereas the Committee saw the new tribunal as an active guarantor and promoter of individual rights the Green Paper recasts it as a body preoccupied with risk and safety, stating as a fundamental “principle” that: “Issues relating to the safety of the individual patient and of the public are of key importance in determining the question of whether compulsory powers should be imposed”</p>

scholarly journals Reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 – Convention Implications of the Green Paper

2014 ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Paul Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Green Paper ◽  
Mental Health Act ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Made In

Assessing the Convention compatibility of the Government proposals for reform of the Mental Health Act 1983 set out in the Green Paper1 is largely an exercise in speculation, for three reasons.First, the proposals are very broad; the detail, where the devil may be found, is yet to come.Second, the Convention does not permit the Strasbourg authorities to review the legality of national legislation in the abstract, but only with reference to particular cases after the proceedings are complete2. Although that will not necessarily preclude a domestic court from reviewing the lawfulness of any provision of the new Mental Health Act after incorporation of the Human Rights Act 19983, the comments that can be made in this article are necessarily confined to the<br />general rather than the specific.Third, and perhaps most significantly, it is impossible to predict the impact of the Convention following the coming into force of the Human Rights Act 1998 on 2 October 2000.

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