Genetic Implications in Assortative Mating of Affective Disorders

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Smeraldi ◽  
Fiammetta Negri ◽  
Anna Maria Melica ◽  
Rosanna Zuliani ◽  
Mariangela Gasperini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

SummaryPsychiatric disorders in a sample of spouses of probands with recurrent Primary Affective Disorders (PAD) and in their first degree relatives were evaluated and compared with those in the spouses of control subjects without psychiatric illnesses. No differences were found in the risk for PAD, but spouses of PAD patients and their respective first degree relatives manifested a greater incidence of affective spectrum disorders.

Assortative mating among in-patients with primary affective disorder

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ries Merikangas ◽  
Duane G. Spiker
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Marital Interaction ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Diagnostic Concordance ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
High Degree

SynopsisAssortative mating among 56 married in-patients with primary affective disorders and their spouses was studied by determining the prevalence of psychiatric illness among the spouses by means of direct interviews and standardized diagnostic criteria. A high degree of assortative mating among both male and female patients was observed for total psychiatric illness, broad spectrum affective illness and major depression. A significantly higher prevalence of psychiatric and affective illness was found among the first-degree relatives of the ill spouses when compared with the first-degree relatives of the well spouses. There was a high degree of diagnostic concordance between the patients and spouses for both affective illness and alcoholism, with a higher degree of assortative mating among bipolar patients than among unipolar patients. The finding in this study of an increased prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the first-degree relatives of the ill spouses would support the hypothesis that there is a tendency for individuals with a predisposition to psychiatric illness to marry, rather than the existence of a marital interaction which causes an increased concordance for psychiatric illness.

Psychiatric Illnesses in the Families of Female Criminals: A Study of 288 First-Degree Relatives

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (571) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Samuel B. Guze
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Female Criminals

Sociopathy, alcoholism, and drug dependence have been shown to be the only psychiatric disorders more frequent among convicted male felons than in the general population (4, 5). In these studies, sociopathy, regardless of other disorders, was found in nearly 80 per cent. An increased prevalence of sociopathy, alcoholism, drug dependence, and hysteria, or Briquet's Syndrome (3), was found among the first-degree relatives of these felons; hysteria (Briquet's Syndrome) among the female relatives and the other disorders predominantly among the male relatives. Overall, 44 per cent of the male felons' first-degree relatives received a psychiatric diagnosis (6).

Recombinant DNA and the major psychiatric disorders

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Michael Gill
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

AbstractThe two major psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia and the major affective disorders are among the most common genetic conditions in man. The precise biochemical defects which cause these disorders are unknown. This article reviews the new recombinant DNA techniques and their application to date in attempting to locate the genes responsible for these disorders. As has been demonstrated for other genetic conditions, these techniques may help to elucidate the biochemical defects which lead to the development of the more genetic forms of these psychiatric illnesses.

Suicide and Primary Affective Disorders

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (539) ◽  
pp. 437-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel B. Guze ◽  
Eli Robins
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

Primary affective disorders, depressive or manic episodes in patients who have been psychiatrically well previously, or who have had episodes of mania or depression without other psychiatric illnesses (Robins and Guze, 1969), are associated with high suicide rates. The following data indicate that the suicide risk among these patients is over thirty times greater than that of the population without these disorders, and that the risk of suicide compared to other causes of death may be increased early in the course of the illness.

A Family Study of Two Subgroups of Schizoaffective Patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Maj
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Family Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorders ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Group A

A family study was carried out in two groups of patients fulfilling RDC for schizoaffective disorder: in one, a full affective and a full schizophrenic syndrome were simultaneously present; in the other, affective and schizophrenic features appeared within a polymorphic and rapidly changing clinical picture, with depersonalisation/derealisation and/or confusion. In the first-degree relatives of patients of the former group, the risk of major psychiatric disorders was not significantly different from that of relatives of schizophrenics, whereas in the first-degree relatives of patients of the latter group a low risk for both schizophrenia and major affective disorders, and a relatively high risk for schizoaffective disorders, were observed.

Allostasis and neuroprogression in major psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Iria Grande ◽  
Flávio Kapczinski ◽  
Sebastián Camino ◽  
Gustavo Vázquez ◽  
Eduard Vieta
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Brain

The hypothesis of allostasis may be a pertinent model to explain the course of psychiatric illnesses by means of stress and to explain the dimensional impact of mental disorders on the organism, not only on the brain but on other organs of the body. Moreover, it is also suitable to explain the neuroprogression of psychiatric disorders from a ‘wear and tear’ approach, detailing the progressive increase of cognitive impairment, accelerated ageing, and rates of medical and psychiatric comorbidities that patients with major psychiatric disorders have. In this chapter, the concepts of allostasis, allostatic load, and allostatic overload are detailed from a neuroprogressive approach and their application to neuropsychiatric illnesses is explained in relation to anxiety disorders, affective disorders, such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and psychotic syndromes.

Neuroanatomical Studies of Major Affective Disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip V. Jeste ◽  
James B. Lohr ◽  
Frederick K. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Computerised Tomography ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

Interest in the long-neglected neuropathology of major affective disorders has recently been rekindled, partly because of the emergence of brain-imaging techniques. We review the literature suggesting that attention be given to the neuroanatomy and neuropathology of primary and secondary affective disorders. Computerised tomography studies show that patients with affective disorders tend to be similar to schizophrenic patients and significantly different from normal control subjects in ventricle:brain ratio, sulcal widening, and cerebellar vermian atrophy. As yet, there are few neuropathological investigations of the brains of patients with primary affective disorders. Suggestions for further research in the neuropathology of affective disorders are offered.

N1-methylnicotinamide excretion and affective disorders

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Cazzullo ◽  
E. Sacchetti ◽  
E. Smeraldi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Urinary Output ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders ◽  
Morbidity Risk

SynopsisN1-Methylnicotinamide urinary output is examined in 38 healthy volunteers, 52 patients with secondary affective disorders (SAD), 55 patients with primary affective disorders (PAD) and 46 healthy first-degree relatives of PAD patients. The results indicate (1) that in PAD patients and their first-degree relatives the frequency of low Nl-MN excretion was significantly higher (p < 0001) than in healthy controls and in patients with secondary affective disorders, and (2) that PAD patients have a consistently low N1-MN output, at all times constant and independent of the clinical phases of the disease. These findings provide evidence that the low N1-MN levels may represent an index of a biological background linked to a high morbidity risk for primary affective disorders. The theoretical implications deriving from these data are briefly discussed.

Anticholinergic Burden among Hospitalised Older Adults with Psychiatric Illnesses- A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Number Of Males

Background: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are known to be associated with deleterious effects on cognition in older adults. There is a paucity of literature in this aspect in older adults with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To examine the anticholinergic cognitive burden and its predictors in hospitalised older adults having psychiatric disorders. Methods: Case records of older adults who sought inpatient care under the Geriatric Psychiatry Unit from January, 2019 to June, 2019 were reviewed. The anticholinergic burden was assessed with Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale updated version, 2012. Results: Sample included 129 older adults with an almost equal number of males (53.48%) and females (46.52%) having a mean age of 67.84 (SD = 6.96) years. The diagnostic spectrum included depression (34.89%), dementia (31.01%), mania (10.85%), psychosis (13.95%), delirium (6.20%) and others (3.1%). 60.47% of the patients had more than one medical illness. 48.84% of the older adults had clinically relevant anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ACB score ≥ 3). Use of 3 or more psychotropic drugs (OR = 4.88), diagnosis of psychosis/ mania (OR = 7.62) and dementia/ delirium (neurocognitive disorders group) (OR = 5.17) increased the risk of ACB score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Nearly half of the older adults in psychiatry in-patient setting had clinically relevant anticholinergic burden, which was associated with higher use of psychotropics. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring for anticholinergic effects of psychotropics in older adults.

scholarly journals Response Processes to Looming Appetitive and Aversive Cues in Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Their First-Degree Relatives: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 025371762097528
Author(s):  
Velprashanth Venkatesan ◽  
Christoday R J Khess ◽  
Umesh Shreekantiah ◽  
Nishant Goyal ◽  
K. K. Kshitiz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Bipolar Group ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Appetitive Cues ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder demonstrate increased sensitivity to appetitive/rewarding stimuli even during euthymia. On presentation of arousing pictures, they show a peculiar response, suggesting heightened vigilance. While responding to looming arousing cues, studies show subjects with anxiety spectrum disorders exhibit increased reaction time (RT), explained by the “looming-vulnerability model.” This study aimed to investigate the responses to looming arousing cues in euthymic bipolar patients and their first-degree relatives, as compared to healthy controls. Method: A looming appetitive and aversive cue paradigm was designed for assessing the RT of patients to process appetitive and aversive cues. The behavioral inhibition/activation and sensitivity to reward/punishment amongst the groups were also assessed. Results: The bipolar group showed significantly longer RT to process appetitive cues irrespective of the looming condition. Aversive cues elicited significantly longer RT in both the bipolar group and in first-degree relatives, but only when presented with the looming condition. Significant looming bias was elicited in the bipolar group which suggested a particular cognitive style to looming cues. A composite measure of RT along with sensitivity to reward/punishment distinguishes the bipolar group and their first-degree relatives from the healthy controls. Conclusion: The looming vulnerability model may provide important insights for future exploration of cognitive endophenotypes in bipolar disorder.

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