scholarly journals The Depression Scale as a screening instrument for a subsequent depressive episode in primary healthcare patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Poutanen ◽  
Anna-Maija Koivisto ◽  
Matti Joukamaa ◽  
Aino Mattila ◽  
Raimo K. R. Salokangas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Scale Scores

BackgroundThere are numerous instruments for screening for depression. A feasible screen is good at both recognising and predicting depression.AimsTo study the ability of the Depression Scale and its items to recognise and predict a depressive episode.MethodA sample of patients attending primary care was examined in 1991–1992 and again 7 years later. The accuracy of the Depression Scale at baseline and at follow-up was tested against the Short Form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-SF) diagnosis of depression at follow-up. The sensitivity and specificity of the Depression Scale and its items were assessed.ResultsBoth baseline and follow-up Depression Scale scores were consistent with the CIDI–SF diagnoses. It was possible to find single items efficient at both recognising and predicting depression.ConclusionsThe Depression Scale is a useful screening instrument for depression, with both diagnostic and predictive validity.

scholarly journals Shades of Blue and Gray: A Comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Assessment of Depression Syndrome in Later Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. e242-e253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Dang ◽  
Liming Dong ◽  
Briana Mezuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender ◽  
Design And Methods

Abstract Background and Objectives Psychiatric research lacks the equivalent of a thermometer, that is, a tool that accurately measures mental disorder regardless of context. Instead, the psychometric properties of scales that purport to assess psychopathology must be continuously evaluated. To that end, this study evaluated the diagnostic agreement between the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—short form (CIDI-SF) in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Research Design and Methods Data come from 17,613 respondents aged >50 from the 2014 wave of the HRS. Kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreement between the 2 instruments on depression classification across a range of thresholds for identifying case status, including variation across subgroups defined by age, race/ethnicity, and gender. Results The point prevalence of depression syndrome estimated by the CESD was higher than that estimated by the CIDI-SF (CESD: 9.9%–19.5% depending on the cutoff applied to the CESD vs CIDI-SF: 7.7%). Assuming CIDI-SF as the gold standard, the CESD yielded a sensitivity of 56.2%–70.2% and specificity of 84.7%–94.0% across the range of cutoffs. The agreement on depression classification was weak (κ = 0.32–0.44). Discussion and Implications Depression cases identified by the CESD have poor agreement with those identified by the CIDI-SF. Conceptually, psychological distress as measured by the CESD is not interchangeable with depression syndrome as measured by the CIDI-SF. Population estimates of depression among older adults based on the CESD should be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals Depression as a Risk Factor for Physical Illness and Multimorbidity in a Cohort with No Prior Comorbidity: La Dépression Comme Facteur de Risque de Maladie Physique et de Multimorbidité Dans Une Cohorte Sans Comorbidité Antérieure

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372097483
Author(s):  
Allanah Li ◽  
Laura C. Rosella ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Walter P. Wodchis
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Regular Doctor

Objective: This study examines whether depression is associated with the development of physical illness and multimorbidity, after controlling for socioeconomic, behavioral, and other potential confounders. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study in which adult respondents to three nationally representative population health surveys were linked to health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, and followed for 10 years from survey index. Respondents with any of the study outcome conditions at baseline were excluded to create a final cohort of 29,838 participants. The main exposure of interest was depression, measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview–Short Form for Major Depression. We controlled for age, body mass index, marital status, immigrant status, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, health status, and having a regular doctor. The outcome measure was the development of physical illness over 10 years of follow-up, defined as 1 of 15 common chronic conditions using administrative data. Results: Among the 29,838 participants (15,259 [51%] female), 8% of females and 4% of males had depression at baseline. In this cohort with no comorbidities at baseline, even in the fully adjusted model, depression increased the risk of developing a first physical illness for females (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.26) and males (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.36) and increased the risk of developing a second physical illness for females (HR 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.33) over 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions: For individuals with no prior comorbidities, depression is associated with a greater risk of developing subsequent physical illness and multimorbidity over time. Thus, depression identifies a population of people who may benefit from early identification, additional screening, and intervention. Further study needs to be done to determine whether interventions to manage and support people with depression can prevent or delay the increased risk of multimorbidity.

Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LINDEMAN ◽  
J. KAPRIO ◽  
E. ISOMETSÄ ◽  
K. POIKOLAINEN ◽  
M. HEIKKINEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression.Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview.Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's).Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.

Screening for Depression in the Medically Ill: The Suggested Utility of a Cognitive-Based Approach

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Therese Hilton ◽  
Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic ◽  
Jatinder Bains
Keyword(s):  
Mood State ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Medically Ill ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Comparison Measures

Objective: There is a need for a valid measure of depression in the medically ill, and one that is independent of medical illness characteristics. As yet, there is no such widely accepted measure. We thus report on the early development of such a measure using cognitive constructs that define depressive mood state nuances. Method: We studied 67 patients with a significant medical illness, verbally administering a set of 81 provisional items. Sample members also alternatively completed one of two comparison measures: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) or the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC). A psychiatrist interviewed a subset to determine severity of any depression and whether subjects met formalized caseness criteria for depression. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was also administered during interviews to assess agreement with psychiatrist judgements about caseness. Results: A 16-item measure with high internal consistency was derived, with validation analyses suggesting it was distinctly superior to the HADS and somewhat superior to the BDI-PC measure. Conclusions: A cognitive-based approach (as used by both our measure and the BDI-PC) to screen for depression in medically ill groups appears to have distinct utility in identifying depressed patients, and in avoiding confounding influences of physical symptoms.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural differences in the epidemiology of unexplained fatigue syndromes in primary care

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Venetsanos Mavreas
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
International Data ◽  
Health Organization

BackgroundUnexplained fatigue has been extensively studied but most of the samples used were from Western countries.AimsTo present international data on the prevalence of unexplained fatigue and fatigue as a presenting complaint in primary care.MethodSecondary analysis of the World Health Organization study of psychological problems in general health care. A total of 5438 primary care attenders from 14 countries were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsThe prevalence of unexplained fatigue of 1-month duration differed across centres, with a range between 2.26 (95% CI 1.17–4.33) and 15.05 (95% CI 10.85–20.49). Subjects from more-developed countries were more likely to report unexplained fatigue but less likely to present with fatigue to physicians compared with subjects from less developed countries.ConclusionsIn less-developed countries fatigue might be an indicator of unmet psychiatric need, but in more-developed countries it is probably a symbol of psychosocial distress.

Empirical Investigation of Two Assumptions in the Diagnosis of DSM-IV Major Depressive Episode

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Sakashita ◽  
Tim Slade ◽  
Gavin Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine two major assumptions behind the DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode (MDE): that depression represents a distinct category defined by a valid symptom threshold, and that each depressive symptom contributes equally to the diagnosis. Methods: Data were from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Participants consisted of a random population-based sample of 10 641 community volunteers, representing a response rate of 78%. DSM-IV diagnoses of MDE and other mental disorders were obtained using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 2.0. Analyses were carried out on the subsample of respondents who endorsed either depressed mood or loss of interest (n =2137). Multivariate linear regression analyses examined the relationship between the number and type of symptoms and four independent measures of impairment. Results: The relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the four measures of impairment was purely linear. Three individual symptoms (sleep problems, energy loss, and psychomotor disturbance) were all independent predictors of three of the four measures of impairment. Conclusions: Counting symptoms alone is limited in guiding a clear diagnostic threshold. The differential impact of individual symptoms on impairment suggests that impairment levels may be more accurately estimated by weighting the particular symptoms endorsed.

Prevalence and recognition of anxiety syndromes in five European primary care settings

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S34) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Weiller ◽  
J.-C. Bisserbe ◽  
W. Maier ◽  
Y. Lecrubier
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Degree Of Disability

Background This study explored the prevalence, socio-demographic characteristics and severity of different anxiety syndromes in five European primary care settings, as well as medical help-seeking, recognition by general practitioners (GPs) and treatment prescribed.Method The data were collected as part of the WHO study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care. Among 9714 consecutive primary care patients, 1973 were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Reason for contact, ICD–10 diagnoses, severity and disability were assessed. Recognition rates and treatment prescribed were obtained from the GPs.Results Anxiety syndromes, whether corresponding to well-defined disorders or to subthreshold conditions, are frequent in primary care and are associated with a clinically significant degree of severity and substantial psychosocial disability. Their recognition by GPs as well as the proportion treated are low.Conclusions Since people with subthreshold anxiety show a substantial degree of disability and suffering, GPs may consider diagnostic criteria to be insufficient. However, their awareness of specific definitions and treatment patterns for anxiety disorders still needs a lot of improvement both for patients' well-being and for the cost resulting from non-treatment.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Coping Strategies on Major Depression in the General Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianLi Wang ◽  
Scott B Pat ten
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
General Population ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Moderating Effects

Objectives: To evaluate the moderating effects of various coping strategies on the as sociation between stressors and the prevalence of major depression in the general population. Methods: Subjects from the Alberta buy- incomponent of the 1994 –1995 National Population Health Survey (NPHS) were included in the analysis ( n = 1039). Each subject was asked 8 questions about coping strategies that dealt with unexpected stress from family problems and personal crises. Major depression was measured using the World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form (CIDI- SF) for major depression. The im pacts of coping strategies in relation to psychological stres sors on the prevalence of major depression were de ter mined by examining interactions between coping and life stress on major depression using logistic regression modelling. Results: No robust impact of coping strategies in relation to various categories of stress evaluated in the NPHS was observed. There was evidence that the use of “pray and seek religious help” and “talks to others about the situations” as coping strategies by women moderated the risk of major depression in the presence of financial stress and relation ship stress (with a partner). Using emotional expression as a coping strategy by women might de crease the risk of major depression in the presence of 1 or more re cent life events, personal stress, relationship stress (with a partner), and environmental stress. Conclusion: Different coping strategies may have a differential impact on the prevalence of major depression in specific circumstances. These findings may be important both to prevent and to treat depressive disorders.

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