Disease resistance: An excellent resource for world-wide biological control in tomato

2020 ◽  
pp. 223-253
Author(s):  
M. Cirulli ◽  
F. Ciccarese
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Excellent Resource

EFEKTIFITAS RHIZOCTONIA MIKORIZA DALAM MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN ANGGREK PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS TERHADAP FUSARIUM SP.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Soelistijono
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Fusarium Sp

This study examines the effectiveness of mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia resistance induction in Phalaenopsis amabilis against Fusarium sp. Fusarium solani is known as pathogens that attack many orchids P. amabilis (Chung et al., 2011) compared to other pathogenic fungi. Attack of Fusarium sp. will cause rot and yellow colored leaves. Until now there has been known as a biological control orchid against Fusarium sp. In this study tested the endurance locations in Sleman and Surakarta to see the effectiveness of a good orchid growth induced by Rhizoctonia mycorrhizal or not to attack by Fusarium sp. The results of the study showed that mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia able to inhibit the attack of Fusarium sp. It is shown by the value of the index of disease resistance  (DSI) in P. amabilis orchid mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induced lower than that not induced. Mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction results in Sleman provide a more real than mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction in Surakarta.

scholarly journals Genotype-Dependent Recruitment of the Strawberry Holobiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Cellini ◽  
Daniela Sangiorgio ◽  
Irene Donati ◽  
Erika Ferrari ◽  
Benjawan Tanunchai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Plant Organs

Abstract BackgroundCultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch., fam. Rosaceae) is an important fruit crop, greatly appreciated for its aroma and nutraceutical properties. Niche-specific characterisation of plant microbiome, from rhizosphere to aboveground plant organs, is crucial to understand the influence of structure and function of the microbial communities on plant phenotype, performances and disease resistance. Strawberry cultivation is challenged by a large variety of pathogens, which cause substantial economic losses and require the frequent application of pesticides. Biological control is a promising and safer alternative to the use of xenobiotic pesticides. Biological control agents isolated from the microbiome of the host plant may have a superior efficacy in comparison to non-indigenous microbial inoculants. Therefore, the characterization of the native microbiome along different plant compartments is a key step for the successful microbial manipulation in farmlands. Results Here, we provide the first comprehensive description of the soil, rhizosphere, root and aerial parts microbiome of three commercially important strawberry cultivars (‘Darselect’, ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Monterey’) under cultural conditions. The fungal and bacterial microbiomes were functionally characterised to investigate their influence on plant disease tolerance, plant mineral nutrient content and fruit quality. The core microbiome included 24 bacteria and 15 fungal operative taxon units which were present in all compartments and plant genotypes. However, both plant organ and genotype had a significant role in assembling the microbial communities. The microbial community assemblage across different soil and plant compartments significantly correlated with disease resistance, mineral nutrient content in the plant and with fruit quality parameters. Interestingly, only the disease tolerant genotype ‘Monterey’ was able to recruit Pseudomonas fluorescens in all plant organs and to establish symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhiza Rhizophagus irregularis. These two species include several strains acting as pathogen biocontrol agents, plant growth promoters and plant defence inducers. Conclusions Altogether, our study provides the first comprehensive view of strawberry microbiome in relation to plant genotype, health and nutritional status and fruit quality parameters, shedding light on potential practical applications to increase the sustainability of crop production.

Bacterial Panicle Blight and Burkholderia glumae: from pathogen biology to disease control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ortega ◽  
Clemencia Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Burkholderia Glumae ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Panicle Blight

Bacterial Panicle Blight (BPB), caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, has affected rice production worldwide. In spite of its importance, neither the disease nor its causal agent are well understood. Moreover, methods to manage BPB are still lacking. Nevertheless, the emerging importance of this pathogen has stimulated research to identify the mechanisms of pathogenicity, to gain insight into plant disease resistance, and to develop strategies to manage the disease. In this review, we consolidate current information regarding the virulence factors that have been identified in B. glumae and present a model of the disease and the pathogen. We also provide an update on the current research status to develop methods to control the disease especially through biological control approaches and through the development of resistant cultivars.

Intersubgeneric Hybridization between Muscadinia and Euvitis Species

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 516c-516
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Lloyd Schell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Muscadine Grapes

The genus Vitis contains two subgenera: Euvitis Planch. (with the common name bunch grapes) and Muscadinia Planch. (with the common name muscadine grapes). The muscadine grapes (V. rotundifolia) are originated and limited to the southeastern United States and are distinguished from the Euvitis species morphologically and cytologically. They are characterized by high disease and pest resistance, and unique muscat flavor. Bunch grapes, with a total of 60-plus species, are grown world-wide and can be grouped into the American species, the Asiatic species and the European grape (V. vinifera) according to their geographical origination. V. vinifera, which is known for good fruit quality, is the predominant commercial species. Attempts to produce rotundifolia–vinifera hybrids to combine good fruit quality and disease resistance of both into F1 hybrids have been made by grape breeders for many years. Limited success was only reported when the V. vinifera was used as seed parents and it failed vice versa. This study extended the crosses between the V. rotundifolia and other Euvitis species originated from North America and East Asia to see if hybrids could be produced from any of these crosses. Results indicated that a limited success were achieved in a few crosses [muscadine (female) × Euvitis species] while failure occurred in most others. These hybrids may be used as bridges to carry the viticulturally important genes over to the muscadine grapes from V. vinifera. Microscopic study also revealed that the difficulty of hybridization between Muscadinia × Euvitis is due to the pre-fertilization barriers.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Role of the Biological Control Agent, Sinorhizobium fredii Strain Sneb183, in Enhancing Soybean Resistance Against the Soybean Cyst Nematode

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Ruowei Yang ◽  
Yaxing Feng ◽  
Aatika Sikandar ◽  
Xiaofeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Sinorhizobium Fredii ◽  
Soybean Resistance ◽  
Control Samples

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, poses a serious threat to soybean production worldwide. Biological control agents have become eco-friendly candidates to control pathogens. Our previous study indicated that the biocontrol agent, Sinorhizobium fredii strain Sneb183, may induce soybean resistance to SCN. To study the mechanisms underlying induced disease resistance in the plant by Sneb183, an iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation)-based proteomics approach was used to identify proteomic changes in SCN-infected soybean roots derived from seeds coated with the Sneb183 fermentation broth or water. Among a total of 456 identified differentially expressed proteins, 212 and 244 proteins were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in Sneb183 treated samples in comparison to control samples. Some identified differentially expressed proteins are likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid, flavone, flavanol, and isoflavonoid and have a role in disease resistance and adaptation to environmental stresses. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to analyze key genes, including GmPAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), GmCHR (chalcone reductase), GmCHS (chalcone synthase), and GmIFS (isoflavone synthase), that are involved in isoflavonoid biosynthesis in Sneb183-treated and control samples. The results showed that these targeted genes have higher expression levels in Sneb183-treated than in control samples. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis further showed that the contents of daidzein in Sneb183-treated samples were 7.24 times higher than those in control samples. These results suggested that the Sinorhizobium fredii strain Sneb183 may have a role in inducing isoflavonoid biosynthesis, thereby resulting in enhanced resistance to SCN infection in soybean.

scholarly journals Efecto de Steinernema sp. sobre larvas de Ancognatha scarabaeoides (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) en condiciones de laboratorio e invernadero

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any Mercedes Mafla Lucero ◽  
Luis Alberto Peña Villamil ◽  
Leonel Cultid
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
White Grub

<p>En la última década, por su amplia distribución mundial, selectividad y efectividad en el control de insectos plaga, organismos como los nematodos que parasitan insectos (entomonemátodos) han jugado un papel fundamental como herramientas del control biológico en programas de manejo integrado de plagas (MIP). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de <em>Steinernema sp</em>. sobre larvas de <em>Ancognatha scarabaeoides </em>en laboratorio e invernadero. El nematodo se obtuvo de larvas infectadas por <em>A. scarabaeoides </em>encontradas en campo en los municipios de Yacuanquer y Ospina (Nariño, Colombia) una importante zona productora de papa. Para la evaluación de eficacia in vitro, se colocó una larva de <em>A. scarabaeoides </em>en una suspensión de 3 ml de nematodos a diversas concentraciones (1, 5, 15, 30, 50, 100 y 150 nemátodos/ml). El porcentaje acumulado de mortalidad de las larvas de <em>A. scarabaeoides </em>18 días después de la inoculación fue de 100% y 90% con las concentraciones de 150 y 100 nematodos/ ml respectivamente y a una concentración letal 90 (CL<sub>90</sub>) de 87 nematodos/ml. En invernadero <em>Steinernema sp</em>. se evaluó a las concentraciones letales 50 (CL<sub>50</sub>) y 90 (CL<sub>90</sub>), presentando a los 15 días de aplicados los tratamientos porcentajes de mortalidad de larvas de 33,3% y 79,3%, respectivamente. Este resultado abre la posibilidad de incluir este biocontrolador nativo en el manejo integrado de chisas en el departamento de Nariño.</p><p> </p><p><strong>The effect of Steinernema sp. entomonematode on Ancognatha scarabaeoides grubs (Coleopter: Scarabaeidae) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions</strong></p><p>Organisms such as parasitic insect nematodes have played a fundamental role as biological control tools in integrated pest management programmes (IPM) during the last decade due to their broad world-wide distribution, selectivity and effectiveness in controlling insects. The present work was aimed at evaluating the effect of Steinernema sp. on Ancognatha scarabaeoides grubs in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The nematode was obtained from infected A. scarabaeoides grubs found in the municipalities of Yacuanquer and Ospina (Nariño department, Colombia), an important potato growing area. An A. scarabaeoides larva was placed on damp filter paper in a 3 ml nematode suspension at different potato inoculation concentrations (1, 5, 15, 30, 50 and 100 nematodes/ml) for evaluating in vitro efficacy in the laboratory. There was 100% and 90% accumulated A. scarabaeoides grub mortality 18 days after inoculation with 100 and 150 nematodes/ml concentrations, respectively, at 87 nematodes/ml lethal concentration 90 (CL<sub>90</sub>). The Steinernema sp. entomonematode was evaluated at 50 (CL<sub>50</sub>) and 90 (CL<sub>90</sub>) lethal concentrations in greenhouse conditions, presenting 33.33% and 79.3% grub mortality, respectively, after 15 days of applying the treatments. This result indicates that this native bio-controller could be included in white grub integrated management in the Nariño department of Colombia.</p>

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