Development and Morphologic Aspects of the Cardiac Conduction System in Normal Hearts and Congenital Heart Defects

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-16
Author(s):  
Alan Sugrue ◽  
Ilya Y. Shadrin ◽  
Samuel J. Asirvatham
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Cardiac Conduction System

scholarly journals Characterization of embryonic cardiac pacemaker and atrioventricular conduction physiology in Xenopus laevis using noninvasive imaging

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. H2035-H2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Bartlett ◽  
Thomas D. Scholz ◽  
Fred S. Lamb ◽  
Daniel L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Conduction System ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Video Images

Congenital heart defects often include altered conduction as well as morphological changes. Model organisms, like the frog Xenopus laevis, offer practical advantages for the study of congenital heart disease. X. laevis embryos are easily obtained free living, and the developing heart is readily visualized. Functional and morphological evidence for a conduction system is available for adult frog hearts, but information on the normal properties of embryonic heart contraction is lacking, especially in intact animals. With the use of fine glass microelectrodes, we were able to obtain cardiac recordings and make standard electrophysiological measurements in 1-wk-old embryos ( stage 46). In addition, a system using digital analysis of video images was adapted for measurement of the standard cardiac intervals and compared with invasive measurements. Video images were obtained of the heart in live, pharmacologically paralyzed, stage 46 X. laevis embryos. Normal values for the timing of the cardiac cycle were established. Intervals determined by video analysis ( n = 53), including the atrial and ventricular cycle lengths (473 ± 10 ms and 464 ± 19 ms, respectively) and the atrioventricular interval (169 ± 5 ms) were not statistically different from those determined by intrathoracic cardiac recordings. We also present the data obtained from embryos treated with standard medications that affect the human conduction system. We conclude that the physiology of embryonic X. laevis cardiac conduction can be noninvasively studied by using digital video imaging. Additionally, we show the response of X. laevis embryonic hearts to chronotropic agents is similar but not identical to the response of the human heart.

Minimally invasive partial inferior sternotomy for congenital heart defects in children

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Seipelt ◽  
T Tirilomis ◽  
T Paul ◽  
H Dörge ◽  
F Schoendube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects

Surgical management of congenital heart defects in adolescent and adult patients, between years 2001–2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (37) ◽  
pp. 1739-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Hartyánszky ◽  
Andrea Székely ◽  
László Király ◽  
Zsolt Prodán ◽  
Sándor Mihályi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Congenital Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Adult Patients

A felnőttkorban operált veleszületett szívhibák között vezetnek az I. rekonstrukciós beavatkozások: a) frissen felismert betegségek, b) megelőzően inoperábilisnak ítélt kórképek, c) pulmonalis hypertonia, jobbkamra-elégtelenség miatt „elkésett” műtétek. Növekszik a II. REDO műtétek száma: a) residuumok korrigálása, b) kinőtt, diszfunkciós homograftok cseréje, c) műtéti/intervenciós korrigálás utáni recoarctatio (aneurysma, dissectio) sebészete, d) aorta valvulotomia/valvuloplastica, illetve társvitiumok (TGA) korrigálásának következményeként Ross-műtét, műbillentyű-beültetés . Betegek, eredmények: A 2001–2008 között végzett 4496 műtét közül 166 volt fiatal-felnőtt korú (16–52, átlagéletkor: 28 év) (Ia: 77, Ib: 15, Ic: 4, IIa: 11, IIb: 22, IIc: 9, IId: 28). Műtéti mortalitás nem volt, 1 beteg pulmonalis hypertoniás krízisben, 1 jobbkamra-elégtelenség miatti malignus ritmuszavarban, 2 többszerv-elégtelenségben halt meg. Konklúzió: A rizikófaktorokat a pulmonalis hypertonia és a jobbkamra-elégtelenség jelenti. A bonyolult sebészi megoldások a „congenitalis szívsebész” számára nem jelentenek problémát, de koraibb diagnózisok, terápiában az extracorporalis membránoxigenátor használata az eredményeket javíthatja.

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