Active Device Technologies

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Stake ◽  
Jack East ◽  
Robert Trew ◽  
John Cowles ◽  
William Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Device

Magnetic Field Imaging on Stacked Flash Memories by Laser Probing and SQUID Scanning

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sanchez ◽  
G. Bascoul ◽  
F. Infante ◽  
N. Courjault ◽  
T. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Current Path ◽  
3D Packaging ◽  
Magnetic Field Imaging ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Imaging

Abstract Magnetic field imaging is a well-known technique which gives the possibility to study the internal activity of electronic components in a contactless and non-invasive way. Additional data processing can convert the magnetic field image into a current path and give the possibility to identify current flow anomalies in electronic devices. This technique can be applied at board level or device level and is particularly suitable for the failure analysis of complex packages (stacked device & 3D packaging). This approach can be combined with thermal imaging, X-ray observation and other failure analysis tool. This paper will present two different techniques which give the possibility to measure the magnetic field in two dimensions over an active device. Same device and same level of current is used for the two techniques to give the possibility to compare the performance.

A Novel FSK Generator Using a Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 902-908
Author(s):  
Syed Zahiruddin ◽  
Avireni Srinivasulu ◽  
Musala Sarada
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Generator Circuit ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
The Times

Objective: The interest concern towards the development of enabling technology towards new current mode devices has forced the designers and researchers for the invention of devices, which has having the characteristics like such as low power, robustness, compactness, efficiency and scalability. Methods: Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor (CCCII) is the prevailing current mode device of the times today. Since its invention by A. Fabre, it has prominent applications in the field of analog signal processing and in biomedical applications too. In this manuscript, CCCII is used as an enabling device to design a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Generator. Results: The proposed topology is designed using a single active device CCCII with least passive components. The circuit enjoys the features of like electronic tunability of frequency using the bias current. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the FSK generator circuit designed using single CCCII confers better results in contrast to the existing structures. The maximum power consumption is 0.196 mW. The proposed circuit has the benefit of simple configuration, which is very much proficient for IC fabrication.

Ohm’s Law Survives to the Atomic Scale

Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 335 (6064) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Weber ◽  
S. Mahapatra ◽  
H. Ryu ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
A. Fuhrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Tight Binding ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Single Atom ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Atomic Limit

As silicon electronics approaches the atomic scale, interconnects and circuitry become comparable in size to the active device components. Maintaining low electrical resistivity at this scale is challenging because of the presence of confining surfaces and interfaces. We report on the fabrication of wires in silicon—only one atom tall and four atoms wide—with exceptionally low resistivity (~0.3 milliohm-centimeters) and the current-carrying capabilities of copper. By embedding phosphorus atoms within a silicon crystal with an average spacing of less than 1 nanometer, we achieved a diameter-independent resistivity, which demonstrates ohmic scaling to the atomic limit. Atomistic tight-binding calculations confirm the metallicity of these atomic-scale wires, which pave the way for single-atom device architectures for both classical and quantum information processing.

Seismic Control Effect for Nonlinear Benchmark Building Using Passive or Semi-Active Damper

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Fukukita ◽  
Tomoo Saito ◽  
Keiji Shiba
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Seismic Control ◽  
Control Forces

We study the control effect for a 20-story benchmark building and apply passive or semi-active control devices to the building. First, the viscous damping wall is selected as a passive control device which consists of two outer plates and one inner plate, facing each other with a small gap filled with viscous fluid. The damping force depends on the interstory velocity, temperature and the shearing area. Next, the variable oil damper is selected as a semi-active control device which can produce the control forces by little electrical power. We propose a damper model in which the damping coefficient changes according to both the response of the damper and control forces based on an LQG feedback and feedforward control theory. It is demonstrated from the results of a series of simulations that the both passive device and semi-active device can effectively reduce the response of the structure in various earthquake motions.

Determination of normal force for optimal energy dissipation of harmonic disturbance in a semi-active device

2008 ◽  
Vol 311 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 633-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulin Buaka Muanke ◽  
Patrice Masson ◽  
Philippe Micheau
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Normal Force ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Optimal Energy

Abstract 2225: A Blinded, Randomized Controlled Evaluation Of An Impedance Threshold Device During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation In Swine

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Mader ◽  
Adam Kellogg ◽  
Jeremy Smith ◽  
Brett Murphy ◽  
Rachael Hynds-Decoteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Threshold Device ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Controlled Evaluation ◽  
Impedance Threshold Device

Background: An impedance threshold device (ITD) has been designed to enhance circulation during CPR. A recent study suggests that the ITD does not improve hemodynamics and that it may worsen outcomes. We sought to determine, in a blinded fashion, the effect of the ITD on coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), passive ventilation (paO2 & paCO2), and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), in a porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation (VF). We hypothesized that, when compared to sham, the active device would have no significant impact on these variables. Methods: Thirty devices (15 active/15 sham) were purchased from the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. Thirty male Yorkshire swine were instrumented under anesthesia. VF was electrically induced. After 8” of untreated VF, baseline characteristics were documented and CPR was begun (chest compressions rate 100/minute and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2). The device used on a given animal (active or sham) was randomly assigned. After 3 cycles of basic CPR, a second ABG was drawn and a drug cocktail was given followed by 6 CPR cycles. We recorded CPP continuously. The first 150J rescue shock (RS) was delivered after 9 complete cycles (3 minutes) of CPR. A third ABG was drawn just prior to the first RS. ROSC was defined as systolic blood pressure >80 mmHg for >60s continuously. The randomization code was revealed once preliminary data analysis was completed. Group comparisons were assessed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t -test for continuous variables and Fisher’s Exact Test for dichotomous variables. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the rate of ROSC. Results: Baseline characteristics between the two groups were the same. ROSC occurred in 14/15 animals in both active and sham. The table summarizes the results (mean) by group after each event/intervention (CPP in mmHg, paO2 & paCO2 in torr). Conclusions: Use of the active device had no impact on CPP, paO2 & paCO2 or ROSC compared to sham.

New forehead device in positional obstructive sleep apnoea: a randomised clinical trial

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2020-216167
Author(s):  
Laura Hidalgo Armas ◽  
Sandra Ingles ◽  
Rafaela Vaca ◽  
Jose Cordero-Guevara ◽  
Joaquin Duran Carro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

RationaleApproximately 60% of the patients with obstructive sleep apnoea suffer from a positional effect, and approximately 25% of these patients present events only in the supine position.ObjectiveTo validate a new positional vibrating device and evaluate its efficacy in reducing the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index and the total sleep time in the supine position without disturbing sleep.MethodsA total of 128 patients were recruited for this multicentre, prospective, parallel, randomised controlled trial and were distributed in three arms (general recommendations, inactive and active device). Full overnight polysomnography was performed at baseline and at 12 weeks. Anthropometric variables and sleep and quality of life questionnaires were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.ResultsThe Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index decreased from 30.6 per hour to 20.4 per hour (p<0.001) in the active device (AD) group. In this group the reduction was 2.3-fold and 3.3-fold than the ones in the general recommendations (GR) and inactive device (ID) groups, respectively (p=0.014). Sleep time in supine position decreased 17.7%±26.3% in GR group (p<0.001), 13.0%±22.4% with ID group (p<0.001) and 21.0%±25.6% in the AD group (p<0.001). Furthermore, total sleep time increased significantly only in the AD group (22.1±57.5 min, p=0.016), with an increased percentage of time in the N3 (deep sleep) and N3+REM (rapid eye movement) stages, without sleep fragmentation.ConclusionThe device was effective in reducing the Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index and time spent in the supine position also in improving sleep architecture. Therefore, the device could be a good option for the management of patients with positional obstructive sleep apnoea.Trial registration detailsThe trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03336515).

Active-Device Losses in Resonant Power Converters: A Case Study with Class-E Inverters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmana Perera ◽  
Remco van Erp ◽  
Jessy Ancay ◽  
Armin Jafari ◽  
Elison Matioli
Keyword(s):  
Power Converters ◽  
Active Device ◽  
Class E
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