Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Children Born Small for Gestational Age: Evidence of Lipid Peroxidation

Abstract Context: Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The development of insulin resistance (IR) seems to play a pivotal role; no data on the oxidant-antioxidant status are available in this risk group. Objective: This study is an assessment of oxidant-antioxidant status in prepubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA) in comparison to healthy controls and the relationship to IR. Design: This cross-sectional study compares indexes of IR and oxidant-antioxidant status in three different groups (SGA+, SGA−, controls), with analysis by post hoc and Pearson correlation. Setting: The study was conducted in the Academic Department of Pediatrics. Participants: A total of 19 SGA+ and 16 SGA− children were compared with 13 controls. Intervention: No intervention was used. Main Outcome Measures: Indexes of IR (glucose to insulin ratio, homeostasis model assessment of IR) were evaluated, and markers of oxidative stress (lag phase, malonildialdehyde, vitamin E) were measured. Results: Homeostasis model assessment of IR was significantly higher in SGA+ than SGA− children (1.32 ± 0.9 vs. 0.69 ± 0.47; P = 0.03) and controls (0.71 ± 0.37; P = 0.04). Glucose to insulin ratio was significantly lower in SGA+ than SGA− children (12.41 ± 5.01 vs. 26.54 ± 17.18; P = 0.02) and controls (26.96 ± 20.70; P = 0.04). Lag phase was significantly shorter in SGA+ than SGA− children (24.3 ± 4.38 vs. 35.59 ± 11.29 min; P = 0.003) and controls (45.28 ± 7.69 min; P = 0.0001) and in SGA− than controls (P = 0.01). Malonildialdehyde was significantly higher in SGA+ than SGA− children (0.79 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 nmol/mg; P = 0.03) and controls (0.36 ± 0.04 nmol/mg; P = 0.0001) and in SGA− children than controls (P = 0.02). Vitamin E was significantly reduced in SGA+ children than controls (27.54 ± 7.9 vs. 43.23 ± 11.32 μmol/liter; P = 0.002). Conclusion: Oxidative stress is present in both SGA+ and SGA− children, with a continuous alteration in relation to IR. Therefore, catch-up growth might exert the greatest influence in the development of future diseases.

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Isoprostanes in Veterinary Medicine: Beyond a Biomarker

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Ashley K. Putman ◽

G. Andres Contreras ◽

Lorraine M. Sordillo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Biological Action ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Animal Medicine ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Oxidized Products ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress has been associated with many pathologies, in both human and animal medicine. Damage to tissue components such as lipids is a defining feature of oxidative stress and can lead to the generation of many oxidized products, including isoprostanes (IsoP). First recognized in the early 1990s, IsoP are formed in numerous biological fluids and tissues, chemically stable, and easily measured by noninvasive means. Additionally, IsoP are highly specific indicators of lipid peroxidation and thereby are regarded as excellent biomarkers of oxidative stress. Although there have been many advancements in the detection and use of IsoP as a biomarker, there is still a paucity of knowledge regarding the biological activity of these molecules and their potential roles in pathology of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the use of IsoP has been limited in veterinary species thus far and represents an avenue of opportunity for clinical applications in veterinary practice. Examples of clinical applications of IsoP in veterinary medicine include use as a novel biomarker to guide treatment recommendations or as a target to mitigate inflammatory processes. This review will discuss the history, biosynthesis, measurement, use as a biomarker, and biological action of IsoP, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine.

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The Impact of Concomitant Chronic Pancreatitis on Prooxidant-antioxidant Status and Other Conditions in Osteoarthritis

Family Medicine ◽

10.30841/2307-5112.6.2016.249507 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 75-78

Author(s):

Liliia Babynets ◽

Tetiana Maevska

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Functional Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Activation Parameters ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

The Impact ◽

Stress Accumulation

The study proved that patients with combined progress of osteoarthritis and chronic pancreatitis have reliable top-level activation of lipid peroxidation in terms of malonyc aldehyde and tissue destruction in terms of oxyproline, weakening of the antioxidant level (in terms of superoxide dismutase and SH-groups) and activation parameters of catalase and ceruloplasmin (p<0,05). The authentic predictority of patients biological age, duration of combined clinical courses, the functional capacity of the pancreas in terms of fecal α-elastase, structural state by ultrasound criteria for progression effects of oxidative stress, accumulation oxyproline activation parameters catalase and ceruloplasmin, which statistically was reflected by the presence of mainly moderate of significant correlations between these groups of indicators have been identified.

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The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization and Fusarium culmorum Inoculation on the Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Wheat Flag Leaves

Poljoprivreda ◽

10.18047/poljo.27.2.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Magdalena Matić ◽

◽

Rosemary Vuković ◽

Karolina Vrandečić ◽

Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Biotic Stress ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

The Impact ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

During cultivation, wheat is exposed to several abiotic and/or biotic stress conditions that may adversely impact the wheat yield and quality. The impact of abiotic stress caused by nitrogen deficiency and biotic stress caused by phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum on biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf of nine winter wheat varieties (Ficko, U-1, Galloper, BC Mandica, BC Opsesija, Ingenio, Isengrain, Felix, and Bezostaya-1) was analyzed in this study. Hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level were measured as indicators of oxidative stress, while the antioxidant response was determined by measuring the concentration of phenolic compounds and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Wheat variety and nitrogen treatment had a significant effect on all examined biomarkers of oxidative stress in the flag leaf, while the impact of Fusarium treatment was less pronounced. The most significant impact on the measured stress biomarkers had a low nitrogen level, which mainly increased hydrogen peroxide concentration and lipid peroxidation level and decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes in most varieties. The obtained results were discussed and compared with the previous study in which biochemical analyzes were performed on the wheat spike. There was no significant strong correlation between flag leaf and spike response in the measured parameters, which, in addition to the variety-specific response, also indicates a tissue-specific antioxidant response.

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