scholarly journals Differential Effects of Oral Boluses of Vitamin D2 vs Vitamin D3 on Vitamin D Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 5831-5839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian R Martineau ◽  
Kenneth E Thummel ◽  
Zhican Wang ◽  
David A Jolliffe ◽  
Barbara J Boucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Context Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 have been hypothesized to exert differential effects on vitamin D metabolism. Objective To compare the influence of administering vitamin D2 vs vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D3. Methods We measured baseline and 4-month serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24R,25(OH)2D3], 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], and 4β,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [4β,25(OH)2D3] in 52 adults randomized to receive a total of four oral bolus doses of 2.5 mg vitamin D2 (n = 28) or vitamin D3 (n = 24) over four months. Metabolite-to-parent compound ratios were calculated to estimate hydroxylase activity. Pairwise before vs after comparisons were made to evaluate effects of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on metabolism of vitamin D. Mean postsupplementation metabolite-to-parent ratios were then compared between groups. Results Vitamin D2 was less effective than vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Vitamin D2 suppressed mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and mean ratios of 25(OH)D3 to D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3, while increasing the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D3 increased mean four-month serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3, 24R,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25(OH)2D3, and 4β,25(OH)2D3 and the mean ratio of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3. Participants receiving vitamin D2 had lower mean postsupplementation ratios of 25(OH)D3 to vitamin D3 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 than those receiving vitamin D3. Mean postsupplementation ratios of 24R,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 and 4β,25(OH)2D3 to 25(OH)D3 did not differ between groups. Conclusions Bolus-dose vitamin D2 is less effective than bolus-dose vitamin D3 in elevating total serum 25(OH)D concentration. Administration of vitamin D2 reduces 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 and 1-α hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3, while increasing 24R-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D3.

Metabolism of vitamin D in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barbara Mawer ◽  
H. J. Klass ◽  
T. W. Warnes ◽  
Jacqueline L. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Poor Renal Function

1. The metabolism of isotopically labelled vitamin D2 and D3 has been investigated in eight patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in five controls. The concentration of labelled vitamin D2 was lower than that of vitamin D3 in serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis on days 1 and 2 after intravenous injection (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively) but no difference was seen in controls. 2. Similar amounts of labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 were seen in serum of the control group; the same pattern was observed in the primary biliary cirrhosis group, and no significant differences were observed between the two groups. 3. In both control and primary biliary cirrhosis groups, the serum concentration of labelled 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 exceeded that of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (significant for controls on day 2, P < 0.02) but concentrations in the two groups were not different. 4. Concentrations of labelled 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were significantly higher than those of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D2 in the primary biliary cirrhosis group at all times and in the control group on days 2 and 3. Both 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 were higher in the serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis than in controls (significant on day 1, P < 0.05). 5. Urinary excretion over days 0–3 of radioactivity from both vitamins D2 and D3 was significantly higher in the primary biliary cirrhosis group than in controls: 12.03 vs 1.80% for vitamin D2 and 8.98 vs 1.76% for vitamin D3(P < 0.005). Vitamin D2-derived urinary radioactivity in primary biliary cirrhosis correlated strongly with serum bilirubin (P = 0.005). 6. The metabolism of labelled vitamin D3 was studied in seven patients with alcoholic liver disease, three of whom showed low serum concentrations of labelled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 suggesting impaired hepatic synthesis. The 25-hydroxylation response was quantified as the relative index of 25-hydroxylation and was significantly related to two other indices of liver function. It is concluded that impaired 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D may occur in alcoholic liver disease and results from hepatocellular dysfunction. 7. Less than the predicted amounts of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were produced in four of the seven patients with alcoholic liver disease; this defect may be attributable in part to decreased precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D and to poor renal function.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezer Acar ◽  
Behzat Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone metabolism. Vitamin D is a group of biologically inactive, fat-soluble prohormones that exist in two major forms: ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) produced by plants in response to ultraviolet irradiation and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) derived from animal tissues or 7-dehydrocholesterol in human skin by the action of ultraviolet rays present in sunlight. Vitamin D, which is biologically inactive, needs two-step hydroxylation for activation. All of these steps are of crucial for Vitamin D to show its effect properly. In this section, we will present vitamin D synthesis and its action steps in detail.

Differential effects of vitamin D3 vs vitamin D2 on cellular uptake, tissue distribution and activation of vitamin D in mice and cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 105768
Author(s):  
Anja C. Baur ◽  
Corinna Brandsch ◽  
Benita Steinmetz ◽  
Alexandra Schutkowski ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Differential Effects

Influence of estrogen on renal vitamin D hydroxylases and serum 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 in chicks.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W Pike ◽  
E Spanos ◽  
K W Colston ◽  
I MacIntyre ◽  
M R Haussler
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Chick Kidney ◽  
24,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3

The influence of estrogen on the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was studied in 2- to 5-wk-old chicks. Single injections of at least 500 microgram diethylstibestrol (DES) increased the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25-(OH)2D3) and suppressed the production of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick kidney homogenates. Acute (one 5-mg) injections of testosterone or progesterone did not enhance the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase, indicating specificity. However, chronic pretreatment with DES appeared to allow the potentiation of previously unstimulatory steroids such as progesterone and testosterone. In addition, the hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3, was measured in 4- to 6-wk chick plasma after steroid treatment. Greater than 1 mg DES per day for 5 days was necessary to enhance the circulating level of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3; testosterone alone had no effect. This elevation was rapid, occurring within 12--24 h after injection. These data suggest that estrogen (as evidenced by DES treatment) is a modulator of vitamin D metabolism along with other known regulators such as parathyroid hormone, phosphate, and 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3. The mechanism of the regulation is as yet unknown.

scholarly journals Contribution of Vitamin D2 and D3 and Their Respective 25-Hydroxy Metabolites to the Total Vitamin D Content of Beef and Lamb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D Cashman ◽  
Siobhan M O'Sullivan ◽  
Karen Galvin ◽  
Michelle Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Food Composition Tables ◽  
Beef Steak ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Red meat and meat products can contribute meaningfully to the mean daily intake of vitamin D. Beef and lamb can contain vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) but also potentially vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2), all of which contribute to meat's vitamin D activity. Objective To measure vitamin D3, vitamin D2, 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D2 content of Irish beef and lamb. Methods Full striploin steaks (Longissimus dorsi) (n = 39) from beef cattle slaughtered in Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn as well as lamb steaks (hind leg) from sheep slaughtered in Autumn (n = 8) were sourced and homogenized. The contents of all four vitamin D-related compounds were analysed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method in conjunction with the National Institute of Standards and Technology's standard reference material no. 1546a-Meat Homogenate. The total vitamin D activity of meat was defined as: [vitamin D3 + (25(OH)D3 × 5) + vitamin D2 + (25(OH)D2 × 5)]. Results The median (inter-quartile range) total vitamin D activity of striploin beef steak (n = 39, irrespective of season) was 0.56 (0.37–0.91) μg/100 g. The content of all four vitamin D compounds in beef steak varied significantly (P &lt; 0.0001) with season (n = 8–11/season group). Median total vitamin D activity of beef steak increased in a stepwise manner (P &lt; 0.0001) from Winter to the following Autumn (increasing from 0.31 to 1.07 μg/100 g). The mean total vitamin D activity of lamb samples (n = 8) from Autumn was 0.47 μg/100 g. Conclusions About a third of the total vitamin D activity of Irish beef was attributable to its combined vitamin D2 and 25(OH)D2 content, estimates of which are largely or completely missed in food composition tables. There was significant seasonal variation in all four vitamin D compounds as well as in total vitamin D activity, which has implications for vitamin D nutrient claims for beef.

Effect of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on the serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D2, and 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal subjects

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Hartwell ◽  
Christian Hassager ◽  
Claus Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Abstract. Serum concentrations of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 metabolites were measured in 19 normal subjects before and during treatment with either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, 4000 IU per day for 8 weeks. Vitamin D2 treatment increased the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D2, but a corresponding decrease in 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in an unchanged serum concentration of total 1,25(OH)2D. During treatment with vitamin D3, the serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D metabolites was unchanged. We conclude that the production of 1,25(OH)2D is tightly regulated and that 1α-hydroxylase does not discriminate between D2 and D3 metabolites in normal subjects.

scholarly journals The Clinical Effect of Oral Vitamin D2 Supplementation on Psoriasis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wareeporn Disphanurat ◽  
Wongsiya Viarasilpa ◽  
Panlop Chakkavittumrong ◽  
Padcha Pongcharoen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Vitamin D2 ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Pasi Score ◽  
The Mean

Background. There are limited randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in psoriasis, especially in Asia, and the results are inconclusive. Objective. To investigate the clinical effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on psoriasis. Methods. Patients with psoriasis were randomized to receive vitamin D2 60,000 IU or similar-looking placebo pills once every 2 weeks for 6 months. The primary outcome was improvement of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and C-reactive protein and adverse events were monitored. The chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results. Of 50 subjects screened, 45 were eligible and randomized to the oral vitamin D2 group (n=23) or placebo group (n=22). At enrollment, the mean PASI score was 4.45, and 26.7% of patients had vitamin D deficiency. At 3 months, the oral vitamin D2 group had significantly higher PASI improvement than the placebo group (mean PASI improvement: 1.43 versus [vs.] -0.33, p-value=0.034; mean %PASI improvement: 34.21% vs. -1.85%, p-value=0.039). The mean serum 25(OH)D level was significantly higher in the oral vitamin D group than in the placebo group (27.4 vs. 22.4 ng/mL, p-value=0.029). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly inversely correlated with PASI scores at the 6-month follow-up. No major adverse event was observed overall. Conclusion. Oral vitamin D2 supplementation in patients with psoriasis increased the serum vitamin D level and significantly improved the treatment outcome without increasing adverse events. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20180613001.

Intestinal absorption of calcium: role of dietary phosphate and vitamin D

1981 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. G49-G53
Author(s):  
N. Brautbar ◽  
B. S. Levine ◽  
M. W. Walling ◽  
J. W. Coburn
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Dietary Phosphate ◽  
Intestinal Ca Absorption

The intestinal absorption of calcium (Ca) has been shown to depend on vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], and dietary phosphorus (P) concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the role of dietary P independent of vitamin D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3. Vitamin D-deficient rats were studied during dietary P restriction and were compared with control groups raised on a normal-phosphorus diet (NP). Balance studies were sued. Net intestinal Ca absorption was significantly lower with dietary P restriction compared with the NP group. This malabsorption of Ca was corrected by the administration of either D3 for 1,25(OH)2D3, despite hypophosphatemia. Everted gut sacs showed a marked reduction in the uptake of 45Ca in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum during dietary P restriction. We concluded that dietary P concentration plays a major role in intestinal Ca absorption in the vitamin D-deficient rats. These findings suggest an effect of the low-phosphate diet on the vitamin D-dependent, Ca-transport mechanism.

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