Growth Hormone Production by Human Pituitary Glands in Organ Culture: Evidence for Predominant Secretion of the Single-Chain 22,000 Molecular Weight Form (Isohormone B)*

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERHARD BAUMANN ◽  
JOHN G. MACCART
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

A STUDY OF PROLACTIN-LIKE ACTIVITY IN INDIVIDUAL HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA M. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Human Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin ◽  
Individual Human

SUMMARY Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of aqueous extracts of individual human anterior pituitary glands failed to identify a protein with lactogenic activity which was characteristic of pregnancy and the post-partum period. Lactogenic activity, determined by a semi-quantitative rabbit mammary gland organ culture assay, was largely associated with the growth hormone fraction. The total prolactin activity of individual anterior pituitary glands was determined by a 'local' intradermal pigeon crop sac method. The glands from pregnant and parturient women did not contain a higher concentration of prolactin than those of men or non-pregnant non-lactating women. These results do not provide any evidence for the existence of a human pituitary prolactin distinct from growth hormone. Reasons for this are discussed.

Growth Hormone and Prolactin Production in Human Pituitary Tumours in Organ Culture

1980 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Anniko ◽  
Sigbritt Werner ◽  
Jan Wersäll
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary

Corticotrophin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity and bioactivity of human fetal and adult hypothalami

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Ackland ◽  
S. J. Ratter ◽  
G. L. Bourne ◽  
L. H. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Cell ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hypothalamic Tissue ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

ABSTRACT Corticotrophin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity (CRF-LI) and bioactivity, and arginine vasopressinlike immunoreactivity (AVP-LI) have been measured in extracts of human fetal and adult hypothalamic tissue and their development with the gestational age of the fetuses (12–27 weeks) studied. CRF-LI was measured by a radioimmunoassay developed for ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (oCRF-41). Corticotrophin-releasing factor bioactivity was measured in a rat isolated anterior pituitary cell perfusion system. CRF-LI and bioactivity and AVP-LI were all detectable in fetal hypothalamic extracts from 12 to 13 weeks of gestational age. CRF-LI was also present in human fetal pituitary glands from 12 weeks of gestational age. The concentration of CRF-LI in the fetal hypothalamic extracts (9·2±11·4 ng/g, mean ± s.e.m., n = 33) showed no significant correlation with the gestational age of the fetuses. However the concentration of AVP-LI (25·0–36·8 ng/g, n = 17) did show a positive correlation (r = 0·508, P<0·05) with gestational age, as did the concentration of CRF bioactivity (471·3–556·3 ng ACTH released/g tissue, n = 13, r = 0·725, P < 0·01). The CRF bioactivity of all fetal hypothalamic extracts was potentiated by the addition of synthetic human (h)AVP, but the bioactivity of the adult hypothalamic extracts was not, presumably because of the higher levels of AVP-LI already present in the adult extracts. Pretreatment of tissue extracts with antisera to oCRF-41 and/or hAVP reduced the CRF bioactivity of all hypothalamic extracts. Sephadex chromatography of fractions which co-eluted with synthetic oCRF-41 or hAVP contained CRF bioactivity and this bioactivity was potentiated when synthetic hAVP or oCRF-41, respectively, were added to the fractions. However, a larger molecular weight form of CRF-LI (8000–10 000 daltons), which was observed only in fetuses of 20 weeks of gestational age or less, did not contain any significant CRF bioactivity. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 171–180

scholarly journals Receptors and Sites of Synthesis and Storage of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Human Pituitary Glands and in Growth Hormone Adenomas

2005 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin End ◽  
Katia Gamel-Didelon ◽  
Heike Jung ◽  
Markus Tolnay ◽  
Dieter Lüdecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
And Storage

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Infectivity of Growth Hormone Derived from Human Pituitary Glands

1993 ◽  
Vol 328 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence J. Gibbs ◽  
David M. Asher ◽  
Paul W. Brown ◽  
Judith E. Fradkin ◽  
D. Carleton Gajdusek
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Jakob Disease

EFFECT OF TRICHLORACETIC ACID ON BASOPHILS AND ON CORTICOTROPHIN CONTENT OF HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS: EXTRACTION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CORTICOTROPHIN

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Currie ◽  
Beryl M. A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Pituitary Glands

ABSTRACT Experiments are reported which show that 2.5% trichloracetic acid (TCA) causes marked loss of periodic acid-Schiff staining of the basophil granules of the pituitary gland and that there is extraction of some ACTH into the TCA. There is, however, no direct correlation between the basophil changes and the extraction of the hormone from the gland. The vesiculate chromophobe, the colloid and the cytoplasmic granules of the acidophils are not apparently affected by TCA treatment. Little is known about the chemical state of storage of ACTH in the human adenohypophysis. The amino acid structure and sequence of human ACTH has recently been proposed but there is as yet no chemical basis for a histochemical technique specific for ACTH. The 2.5% TCA-extractable ACTH, which represents about 30% of the total ACTH activity of batches of 'old' pituitary glands, has been characterized by ultrafiltration, Sephadex column chromatography and ultracentrifugation as a single component of minimum molecular weight about 3200. This is a simple method for extracting low molecular weight ACTH-extraction in 2.5% TCA (or water acidified to pH 5.0) for 1 hour at 4° C followed by ultrafiltration and Sephadex column chromatography. About 68% of the original activity in the TCA extract is recovered in the final product. Extraction was equally efficient whether 'pieces' or homogenates were used and in the presence or absence of posterior lobe tissue. Autolysis results in a decrease of both residual gland and TCA-extractable hormone.

FRACTIONATION OF HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1659-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Wilhelmi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Additional Amount ◽  
Pituitary Glands

A method of serial extraction of human pituitary glands is described. FSH, LH, and TSH are predominantly found in the first extract. A second extraction, under different conditions, yields principally growth hormone and some prolactin. A third extraction, under more extreme conditions of pH and temperature, yields, especially for acetone-preserved glands, an additional amount of growth hormone and the greater part of the prolactin. The method is presented as a contribution to the more efficient use of scarce and valuable human pituitaries.

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT CORTICOTROPHIN IN HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS IN VARIOUS SYSTEMIC AND ENDOCRINE DISEASES

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Currie ◽  
Beryl M. A. Davies ◽  
T. Symington
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Variable Yield ◽  
Adrenal Steroid ◽  
Pituitary Glands

ABSTRACT It has been suggested that corticotrophin (ACTH) is stored in the human pituitary gland in two chemical forms – a low molecular weight component extractable with trichloracetic acid and a protein or protein-bound component (Currie & Davies 1963). The absolute and relative amounts of the low molecular weight ACTH have been investigated in 17 single 'fresh' human pituitary glands and they vary widely from case to case – from 0 to 21 IU and from 0 to 100%. The average total ACTH yield in cases without endocrine upset was 23.5 IU (range 7.4–37.8 IU). Three patients in the series died within 3 days of the onset of an acute severe stress and their glands contained only protein or protein-bound hormone. The gland of a patient who had been on prolonged adrenal steroid therapy but had stopped taking the drug a few days before death gave a similar result. In two glands from patients with Cushing's syndrome there was a low total ACTH but all the hormone was present in the low molecular weight form. The other glands studied gave a variable yield of both the low molecular weight and the protein components. In view of the difficulties of 'controlling' human material it is not possible in man to study the sequence of changes in the chemical state of storage of ACTH resulting from acute or chronic stress but in the cases of acute severe stress of short duration and in Cushing's syndrome the results indicate that the yield of low molecular weight ACTH has physiological meaning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document