Hippocampal atrophy, whole brain volume, and white matter lesions in older hypertensive subjects

Background and Purpose— We examined if ischemic stroke is associated with white matter degeneration predominantly confined to the ipsi-lesional tracts or with widespread bilateral axonal loss independent of lesion laterality. Methods— We applied a novel fixel-based analysis, sensitive to fiber tract–specific differences within a voxel, to assess axonal loss in stroke (N=104, 32 women) compared to control participants (N=40, 15 women) across the whole brain. We studied microstructural differences in fiber density and macrostructural (morphological) changes in fiber cross-section. Results— In participants with stroke, we observed significantly lower fiber density and cross-section in areas adjacent, or connected, to the lesions (eg, ipsi-lesional corticospinal tract). In addition, the changes extended beyond directly connected tracts, independent of the lesion laterality (eg, corpus callosum, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus). Conclusions— We conclude that ischemic stroke is associated with extensive neurodegeneration that significantly affects white matter integrity across the whole brain. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanisms of brain volume loss and delayed cognitive decline in stroke.

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Age-Related Changes in White Matter Lesions, Hippocampal Atrophy, and Cerebral Microbleeds in Healthy Subjects Without Major Cerebrovascular Risk Factors

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.12.010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 302-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Monzurul H. Chowdhury ◽

Atsushi Nagai ◽

Hirokazu Bokura ◽

Eisuke Nakamura ◽

Shotai Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

White Matter ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Cerebral Microbleeds ◽

Hippocampal Atrophy ◽

Cerebrovascular Risk Factors ◽

Age Related ◽

Cerebrovascular Risk ◽

Age Related Changes

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O1-02-02 White matter lesions are associated with cortical atrophy more than entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80037-x ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. S11

Author(s):

Antao Du ◽

Norbert Schuff ◽

Linda L. Chao ◽

John Kornak ◽

Frank Ezekiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Hippocampal Atrophy

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Genetic Risk Factors for Longitudinal Changes in Structural MRI in Former Organolead Workers

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.4061/2011/362189 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bryan D. James ◽

Brian Caffo ◽

Walter F. Stewart ◽

David Yousem ◽

Christos Davatzikos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

White Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Population Based ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Longitudinal Change ◽

Brain Volumes

This study examined associations between polymorphisms in three genes, apolipoprotein E (APOE), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and vitamin D receptor (VDR), and longitudinal change in brain volumes and white matter lesions (WML) as well as effect modification by cardiovascular factors and tibia lead concentrations. Two MRIs, an average of 5 years apart, were obtained for 317 former organolead workers and 45 population-based controls. Both regions-of-interest and voxel-wise analyses were conducted.APOEε3/ε4andε4/ε4genotypes were associated with less decline in white matter volumes. There was some evidence of interaction between genetic polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk factors (ACEand high-density lipoprotein;VDRand diabetes) on brain volume decline. TheVDR FokIff genotype was associated with an increase in WML (no association forAPOEorACE). This study expands our understanding of how genetic precursors of dementia and cardiovascular diseases are related to changes in brain structure.

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P.1.e.028 Increase of whole brain volume and gray and white matter tissue in OCD: a volumetric and voxel-based morphometry MRI study

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(10)70406-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. S303-S304

Author(s):

T. Sobanski ◽

G. Wagner ◽

G. Peikert ◽

U. Gruhn ◽

H. Sauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Mri Study

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Cardiovascular risk and white matter lesions after endocrine control of Cushing's syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-0600 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 173 (6) ◽

pp. 765-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alicia Santos ◽

Eugenia Resmini ◽

Beatriz Gómez-Ansón ◽

Iris Crespo ◽

Esther Granell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

White Matter ◽

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Vascular Age ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Active Patients

ObjectiveCushing's syndrome (CS) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. White matter lesions (WML) are common on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with increased cardiovascular risk.AimTo investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk, WML, neuropsychological performance and brain volume in CS.Design/methodsThirty-eight patients with CS (23 in remission, 15 active) and 38 controls sex-, age- and education-level matched underwent a neuropsychological and clinical evaluation, blood and urine tests and 3Tesla brain MRI. WML were analysed with the Scheltens scale. Ten-year cardiovascular risk (10CVR) and vascular age (VA) were calculated according to an algorithm based on the Framingham heart study.ResultsPatients in remission had a higher degree of WML than controls and active patients (P<0.001 andP=0.008 respectively), which did not correlate with cognitive performance in any group. WML severity positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=0.659,P=0.001) and duration of hypertension (r=0.478,P=0.021) in patients in remission. Both patient groups (active and in remission) had higher 10CVR (P=0.030,P=0.041) and VA than controls (P=0.013,P=0.039). Neither the 10CVR nor the VA correlated with WML, although both negatively correlated with cognitive function and brain volume in patients in remission (P<0.05). Total brain volume and grey matter volume in both CS patient groups were reduced compared to controls (total volume: activeP=0.006, in remissionP=0.012; grey matter: activeP=0.001, in remissionP=0.003), with no differences in white matter volume between groups.ConclusionsPatients in remission of Cushing's syndrome (but not active patients) have more severe white matter lesions than controls, positively correlated with diastolic pressure and duration of hypertension. Ten-year cardiovascular risk and vascular age appear to be negatively correlated with the cognitive function and brain volume in patients in remission of Cushing's syndrome.

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Total Cerebral Blood Flow, White Matter Lesions and Brain Atrophy: The SMART-MR Study

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600563 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 633-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Auke PA Appelman ◽

Yolanda van der Graaf ◽

Koen L Vincken ◽

Audrey M Tiehuis ◽

Theo D Witkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Brain Volume ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Subcortical Brain ◽

Mr Study

We investigated whether total cerebral blood flow (CBF) was associated with brain atrophy, and whether this relation was modified by white matter lesions (WML). Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease-magnetic resonance (SMART-MR) study, a prospective cohort study among patients with arterial disease, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 828 patients (mean age 58±10 years, 81% male) with quantitative flow, atrophy, and WML measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Total CBF was measured with MR angiography and was expressed per 100 mL brain volume. Total brain volume and ventricular volume were divided by intracranial volume to obtain brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) and ventricular fraction (VF). Lower BPF indicates more global brain atrophy, whereas higher VF indicates more subcortical brain atrophy. Mean CBF was 52.0±10.2 mL/min per 100 mL, mean BPF was 79.2±2.9%, and mean VF was 2.03±0.96%. Linear regression analyses showed that lower CBF was associated with more subcortical brain atrophy, after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, intima-media thickness, and lacunar infarcts, but only in patients with moderate to severe WML (upper quartile of WML): Change in VF per s.d. decrease in CBF 0.18%, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.34%. Our findings suggest that cerebral hypoperfusion in the presence of WML may be associated with subcortical brain atrophy.

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