scholarly journals Sex differences in Alzheimer risk

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 1382-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mosconi ◽  
Valentina Berti ◽  
Crystal Quinn ◽  
Pauline McHugh ◽  
Gabriella Petrongolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Female Aging ◽  
Normal Women

Objective:This observational multimodality brain imaging study investigates emergence of endophenotypes of late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) risk during endocrine transition states in a cohort of clinically and cognitively normal women and age-matched men.Methods:Forty-two 40- to 60-year-old cognitively normal women (15 asymptomatic perimenopausal by age [CNT], 13 perimenopausal [PERI], and 14 postmenopausal [MENO]) and 18 age- and education-matched men were examined. All patients had volumetric MRI, 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)–PET (glucose metabolism), and Pittsburgh compound B–PET scans (β-amyloid [Aβ] deposition, a hallmark of AD pathology).Results:As expected, the MENO group was older than the PERI and CNT groups. Otherwise, groups were comparable on clinical and neuropsychological measures and APOE4 distribution. Compared to CNT women and to men, and controlling for age, PERI and MENO groups exhibited increased indicators of AD endophenotype, including hypometabolism, increased Aβ deposition, and reduced gray and white matter volumes in AD-vulnerable regions (p < 0.001). AD biomarker abnormalities were greatest in MENO, intermediate in PERI, and lowest in CNT women (p < 0.001). Aβ deposition was exacerbated in APOE4-positive MENO women relative to the other groups (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Multimodality brain imaging indicates sex differences in development of the AD endophenotype, suggesting that the preclinical AD phase is early in the female aging process and coincides with the endocrine transition of perimenopause. These data indicate that the optimal window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in women is early in the endocrine aging process.

scholarly journals Brain imaging of cognitively normal individuals with 2 parents affected by late-onset AD

Neurology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 752-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mosconi ◽  
J. Murray ◽  
W. H. Tsui ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
N. Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Normal Individuals

Divergent Amygdala Volume Asymmetries for Male and Female Youth With High Versus Low Callous-Unemotional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichun Ling ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Rebecca E. Waller ◽  
Kosha Ruparel ◽  
James Loughead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Callous Unemotional Traits ◽  
Amygdala Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brain Imaging Study

Although callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been associated with amygdala hypoactivity, it is unclear whether such traits are associated with amygdala structure. This study examines the relationship between amygdala structure and CU traits and considers sex differences in hemisphere-related asymmetries in this relationship. In this brain imaging study of children ( n = 272), a significant sex × hemisphere × CU traits interaction was observed. Females with high CU traits and males with low CU exhibited a rightward exaggerated amygdala volume asymmetry, whereas females with low CU traits and males with high CU traits did not. Findings may reflect sex-related influences related to CU traits and amygdala volume and are broadly consistent with a neurodevelopment perspective on psychopathic-like traits in children.

scholarly journals Association between methylation of BIN1 promoter in peripheral blood and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Hu ◽  
Lan Tan ◽  
Yan-Lin Bi ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
T Tau ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractThe bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) gene is the second most important susceptibility gene for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) after apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene. To explore whether the BIN1 methylation in peripheral blood changed in the early stage of LOAD, we included 814 participants (484 cognitively normal participants [CN] and 330 participants with subjective cognitive decline [SCD]) from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) database. Then we tested associations of methylation of BIN1 promoter in peripheral blood with the susceptibility for preclinical AD or early changes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD-related biomarkers. Results showed that SCD participants with significant AD biological characteristics had lower methylation levels of BIN1 promoter, even after correcting for covariates. Hypomethylation of BIN1 promoter were associated with decreased CSF Aβ42 (p = 0.0008), as well as increased p-tau/Aβ42 (p = 0.0001) and t-tau/Aβ42 (p < 0.0001) in total participants. Subgroup analysis showed that the above associations only remained in the SCD subgroup. In addition, hypomethylation of BIN1 promoter was also accompanied by increased CSF p-tau (p = 0.0028) and t-tau (p = 0.0130) in the SCD subgroup, which was independent of CSF Aβ42. Finally, above associations were still significant after correcting single nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) and interaction of APOE ɛ4 status. Our study is the first to find a robust association between hypomethylation of BIN1 promoter in peripheral blood and preclinical AD. This provides new evidence for the involvement of BIN1 in AD, and may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for AD.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Resolution of Late-Onset, Symptomatic Fluid Collection Localized in the Meningioma Resection Cavity: A Case Report and Suggestion of Possible Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Yeong Jin Kim ◽  
Tae-Young Jung ◽  
In-Young Kim ◽  
Shin Jung ◽  
Kyung-Sub Moon
Keyword(s):  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Resection Cavity ◽  
Perilesional Edema ◽  
Posterior Neck ◽  
The Right

Postoperative complications after brain tumor surgery occur occasionally and it is important for clinicians to know how to properly manage each complication. Here, we described a rare case of late-onset, subdural fluid collection localized at the resection cavity that caused motor weakness after convexity meningioma resection, requiring differentiation from an abscess, to help clinicians determine treatment strategies. A 58-year-old right-handed female was admitted to the hospital with a headache and posterior neck pain. Brain computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images showed a homogeneously enhanced, calcified, and multi-lobulated mass adjacent to the right motor strip without perilesional edema. The patient underwent surgery without incident or residual deficit and was discharged from the hospital in good condition. Six weeks after surgery, the patient complained of left arm monoparesis without infection-related symptoms. Brain imaging studies showed a localized fluid collection in the resection cavity with an enhanced margin and perilesional edema. Diffusion restriction was not detected. After three months of conservative treatment without surgery or antibiotics, she recovered from the neurologic deficits, and brain imaging studies showed the spontaneous regression of the fluid collection and perilesional edema. Late-onset, localized fluid collection at the resection cavity, which is similar to an abscess, could occur three to eight weeks after meningioma resection. When there are predisposing factors, including blood components and hemostatic materials in the surgical cavity, it is important for clinicians to understand this type of complication and choose conservative management as a feasible strategy.

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