scholarly journals Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication and seizures

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (13) ◽  
pp. e1104-e1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey K. Wiggs ◽  
Zheng Chang ◽  
Patrick D. Quinn ◽  
Kwan Hur ◽  
Robert Gibbons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiepileptic Medications

ObjectiveIndividuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk of seizures, but there is uncertainty about whether ADHD medication treatment increases risk among patients with and without preexisting seizures.MethodsWe followed a sample of 801,838 patients with ADHD who had prescribed drug claims from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters databases to examine whether ADHD medication increases the likelihood of seizures among ADHD patients with and without a history of seizures. First, we assessed overall risk of seizures among patients with ADHD. Second, within-individual concurrent analyses assessed odds of seizure events during months when a patient with ADHD received ADHD medication compared with when the same individual did not, while adjusting for antiepileptic medications. Third, within-individual long-term analyses examined odds of seizure events in relation to the duration of months over the previous 2 years patients received medication.ResultsPatients with ADHD were at higher odds for any seizure compared with non-ADHD controls (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.24–2.42 males; OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.22–2.42 females). In adjusted within-individual comparisons, ADHD medication was associated with lower odds of seizures among patients with (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.60–0.85) and without (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.62–0.82) prior seizures. Long-term within-individual comparisons suggested no evidence of an association between medication use and seizures among individuals with (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.59–1.30) and without (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.80–1.28) a seizure history.ConclusionsResults reaffirm that patients with ADHD are at higher risk of seizures. However, ADHD medication was associated with lower risk of seizures within individuals while they were dispensed medication, which is not consistent with the hypothesis that ADHD medication increases risk of seizures.

scholarly journals Clinical and social factors associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use: population-based longitudinal study

2014 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Galéra ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault ◽  
Grégory Michel ◽  
Manuel-Pierre Bouvard ◽  
Maria Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe impact of longitudinal psychiatric comorbidity, parenting and social characteristics on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication use is still poorly understood.AimsTo assess the baseline and longitudinal influences of behavioural and environmental factors on ADHD medication use.MethodSurvival regressions with time-dependent covariates were used to model data from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort. The sample (n = 1920) was assessed from age 5 months to 10 years. Measures of children's psychiatric symptoms, parenting practices and social characteristics available at baseline and during follow-up were used to identify individual and family-level features associated with subsequent use of ADHD medication.ResultsUse of ADHD medication ranged from 0.2 to 8.6% between ages 3.5 to 10 years. Hyperactivity–inattention was the strongest predictor of medication use (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.75, 95% CI 2.35–3.22). Among all social variables examined, low maternal education increased the likelihood of medication use (HR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.38–3.18) whereas immigrant status lowered this likelihood (HR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.92).ConclusionsBeyond ADHD symptoms, the likelihood of receiving ADHD medication is predicted by social variables and not by psychiatric comorbidity or by parenting. This emphasises the need to improve global interventions by offering the same therapeutic opportunities (including medication) as those received by the rest of the population to some subgroups (i.e. immigrants) and by diminishing possible unnecessary prescriptions.

scholarly journals Maternal spontaneous abortion and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a population-based cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Maohua Miao ◽  
Yongfu Yu ◽  
Honglei Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is a maternal history of spontaneous abortion (SA) associated with an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest an association between maternal history of SA and ADHD in offspring, with the risk increasing with the number of maternal SA and highest in the firstborn children whose mothers had had recurrent SAs after adjusting for a number of potential confounders. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY A history of SA has been associated with more complications in next pregnancies and adverse childbirth outcomes, which are risk factors for ADHD in the offspring. However, no previous study has investigated whether maternal SA increases risk of ADHD in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based study included all live-born children in Denmark from 1 January 1995 to 31 December 2012 (n = 1 062 667). All children were followed from 3 years of age until the day of ADHD diagnosis, death, emigration or 31 December 2016, whichever came first. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS There were 130 206 (12.2%) children born to mothers who had at least one SA. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE During a median follow-up of 9.4 years (interquartile range, 5.4–14.3), 25 747 children were diagnosed with ADHD. Overall, children of mothers with a history of SA had an increased rate of ADHD (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.15). The HRs increased with the number of maternal SA, 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.13) for one SA and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.33) for at least two SAs, respectively. These findings were consistent when we took into consideration a number of factors, such as maternal socioeconomic status, type of SA, birth order, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pregnancy characteristics and adverse birth outcomes. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Misclassification of SA was possible as we used population-based register data to capture maternal history of SA. However, any misclassification of maternal history of SA would be non-differential with regard to the diagnosis of ADHD in offspring, which generally leads to underestimation of the associations. Furthermore, probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested that only 1% of change in the estimate may have been due to misclassification of SA. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS SA is quite frequent (varying from 15 to 20%), and a small increase of neurodevelopmental problems in offspring could have major public health implications. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703237, No. 81530086 and No. 81761128035), National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC1002801, 2016YFC1000505), Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (No. 2017ZZ02026, No. 2017EKHWYX-02), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0052029), the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-6110-00019), the Nordic Cancer Union (176673, 186200 and R217-A13234-18-S65), Karen Elise Jensens Fond (2016) and Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (2018YJRC03). All authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NA.

scholarly journals Medicaid Prior Authorization Policies for Medication Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Young Children, United States, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Hulkower ◽  
Meghan Kelley ◽  
Lindsay K. Cloud ◽  
Susanna N. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Medication ◽  
Prior Authorization ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Authorization Policies

Objectives: In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to recommend that clinicians refer parents of preschoolers (aged 4-5) for training in behavior therapy and subsequently treat with medication if behavior therapy fails to sufficiently improve functioning. Data available from just before the release of the guidelines suggest that fewer than half of preschoolers with ADHD received behavior therapy and about half received medication. About half of those who received medication also received behavior therapy. Prior authorization policies for ADHD medication may guide physicians toward recommended behavior therapy. Characterizing existing prior authorization policies is an important step toward evaluating the impact of these policies on treatment patterns. We inventoried existing prior authorization policies and characterized policy components to inform future evaluation efforts. Methods: A 50-state legal assessment characterized ADHD prior authorization policies in state Medicaid programs. We designed a database to capture data on policy characteristics and authorization criteria, including data on age restrictions and fail-first behavior therapy requirements. Results: In 2015, 27 states had Medicaid policies that prevented approval of pediatric ADHD medication payment without additional provider involvement. Seven states required that prescribers indicate whether nonmedication treatments were considered before Medicaid payment for ADHD medication could be approved. Conclusion: Medicaid policies on ADHD medication treatment are diverse; some policies are tied to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Evaluations are needed to determine if certain policy interventions guide families toward the use of behavior therapy as the first-line ADHD treatment for young children.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Early Childhood Shigellosis on Long-Term Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Yair Sadaka ◽  
Judah Freedman ◽  
Shai Ashkenazi ◽  
Shlomo Vinker ◽  
Avivit Golan-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

It has recently been shown that children with early shigellosis are at increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between antibiotic treatment of shigellosis with long-term ADHD rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all the Leumit Health Services (LHS) enrollees aged 5–18 years between 2000–2018 with a documented Shigella-positive gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years. Of the 5176 children who were positive for Shigella gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years, 972 (18.8%) were treated with antibiotics early (<5 days), 250 (4.8%) were treated late (≥5 days), and 3954 children (76.4%) were not prescribed antibiotics. Late antibiotic treatment was associated with significantly increased rates of ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3). Early treatment with antibiotics was not associated with increased ADHD rates (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.8–1.3). In conclusion, late antibiotic treatment of early childhood shigellosis was associated with increased rates of ADHD.

scholarly journals Children with supracondylar humerus fractures have an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Erdinç Genç ◽  
Herdem Aslan Genç ◽  
Gresa Carkaxhiu Bulut
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Fracture Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Supracondylar Humerus Fractures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Humerus Fractures

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have an increased risk of sustaining fractures during their preschool years. Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) comprise the majority of fracture surgeries in the pediatric age range. We hypothesized that ADHD symptoms would be present in children with SHFs, and this characteristic trauma may be associated with an ADHD diagnosis. Thus, we compared the ADHD symptoms of children with and without SHFs. Further, we compared the trauma characteristics, gender, proneness to injury, and presence of prior trauma history of children diagnosed with and without ADHD. We recruited 41 children who were admitted to emergency service with an SHF and 41 age- and gender-matched children without a fracture history. A semi-structured diagnostic inter- view and a Swanson Nolan Pelham questionnaire were used to obtain data about ADHD symptoms. A clinical intake form was utilized for further clinical data. ADHD symptoms were significantly higher in the fracture group ; male gender, parent- reported proneness to injury, and prior history of trauma were significantly associated with ADHD. Orthopedic surgeons may provide early detection of ADHD by using screening tools or asking questions to caregivers and making referrals when needed. This may lead to prevention of further injuries.

Long-Term Stimulant Medication Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Barbaresi ◽  
Slavica K. Katusic ◽  
Robert C. Colligan ◽  
Amy L. Weaver ◽  
Cynthia L. Leibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

scholarly journals Long-term outcomes of females with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: increased risk for self-harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Sinclaire M. O'Grady ◽  
Stephen P. Hinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm

SummaryAlthough long-term outcomes of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder are understudied, high risk for adolescent and young-adult self-harm is salient. We present data on predictors and mediators of such risk, highlighting a recent dual-process model involving trait impulsivity plus family- and peer-related contributors. We conclude with recommendations for assessment and preventive intervention.

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