scholarly journals Cohort, Policy, and Process: The Implications for Migrant Fertility in West Germany

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeylan Erman
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Marriage Migrants ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Although a growing literature explores the relationship between migration and fertility, far less scholarship has examined how migrant childbearing varies over time, including across migrant cohorts. I extend previous research by exploring migrant-cohort differences in fertility and the role of changing composition by education and type of family migration. Using 1984–2016 German Socio-Economic Panel data, I investigate the transition into first, second, and third birth among foreign-born women in West Germany. Results from an event-history analysis reveal that education and type of family migration—including marriage migration and family reunions—contribute to differences in first birth across migrant cohorts. Specifically, more rapid entry into first birth among recent migrants from Turkey stems from a greater representation of marriage migrants across arrival cohorts, while increasing education is associated with reduced first birth propensities among recent migrants from Southern Europe. I also find variation in the risk of higher parity transitions across migrant cohorts, particularly lower third birth risks among recent arrivals from Turkey, likely a result of changing exposures within origin and destination contexts. These findings suggest that as political and socioeconomic circumstances vary within origin and destination contexts, selection, adaptation, and socialization processes jointly shape childbearing behavior.

scholarly journals Event History Analysis for Investigating the Likelihood and Timing of Changing Majors

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Sklar
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Student Characteristics ◽  
Event History ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Enrollment Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Students change their majors for various reasons, and academic advisors often assume the role of facilitating that change through institutional agreements or contracts. Therefore, advisors need to identify time periods during enrollment with the greatest likelihood that students will seek to change majors. They must also examine the student characteristics associated with changing majors so that advisors can identify students to avoid delays to graduation. The relationship between student characteristics and the likelihood of changing majors over time was studied through event history analysis techniques applied to enrollment data for a cohort of first-time first-year students.

Work seniority as a determinant of employment intensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Event History ◽  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Material ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this article is to analyse the intensity of unemployment leaving in relation to the length of an unemployed person’s work seniority. A hypothesis was made that its intensity changes depending of that person’s employment history and on its gender as well as education. The research material consisted of individual data of 21,398 unemployed people registered by the Poviat Labour Office (PUP) in Szczecin in 2012 and observed throughout 2013. The author used the event history analysis, which was conducted in three steps. First, the author assessed the likelihood of remaining unemployed depending on the unemployment period. Secondly, she divided the registered unemployed into groups according to their employment history and determined the relationship between the employment intensity and the span of time when the members of those groups remained registered in PUP. In the third step, she used the average hazard rates to compare the intensities of unemployment leaving in individual groups.

scholarly journals Relationship of maternal negative moods to child emotion regulation during family interaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew A. Dagne ◽  
James Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Maternal Mood ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Mother Child Interaction ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of maternal hostile and depressive moods to children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was assessed in a community sample of 267 5-year-old boys and girls. The speed of children's downregulation of unprovoked anger and sadness/fear was based on real-time observations during mother–child interaction. The association of downregulation with maternal mood was estimated using Bayesian event history analysis. As mothers reported higher depressive mood, both boys and girls were faster to downregulate anger displays as those displays accumulated during mother child interaction. The speed of boys' downregulation of anger and of sadness/fear was not associated with maternal hostile mood. As mothers reported more hostile mood, girls were faster to downregulate displays of sadness/fear, but the speed of this downregulation slowed as those displays accumulated during ongoing mother–child interaction. These associations of child downregulation and maternal mood were observed after controlling for child adjustment. The data suggest frequent exposure to different negative maternal moods affect children's expression and regulation of emotions in relatively specific ways, conditional on the type of maternal mood, the type of child emotion, and child gender.

scholarly journals Unemployment of people of foreign origin in France: The role of discrimination

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Richard
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Data Registry ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
Labour Market Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cent Sample

This article has two primary objectives: (1) to understand the relationship between the origins of the children of immigrants and the likelihood of unemployment; and (2) to examine the possible role of discrimination in the likelihood of unemployment. The French Permanent Demographic Sample (EDP, a longitudinal database maintained by INSEE, which is the French equivalent of the English Longitudinal Survey) permits the study young foreign-born people who grew up in France and young people of foreign-origin who were born in France. The EDP is a census-based panel survey that, on average, comprises a 1 per cent sample of all immigrant groups. It contains information on a person’s nationality relative to his/her labour market position. According to most academics, it also contains valuable socio-demographic and socio-economic information on parents and their sons and daughters. The data registry was created in 1967 and includes data from the 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, and 1999 censuses. The interest in individual trajectories requires us to consider the relations between personal labour market situations and the acquisition of French nationality. This relation must be analyzed in light of the population which consists of those children who, since childhood, have been in a position to acquire French citizenship. Although gaining citizenship is usually regarded as an important sign of civic and political assimilation among immigrants, it can also be seen as a factor in their economic assimilation. French nationality makes it easier for young immigrants to get jobs. It is better to be a young Algerian or Moroccan with French nationality than to be a young Algerian or Moroccan who does not have French nationality.

Familism and the Hispanic Health Advantage: The Role of Immigrant Status

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina J. Diaz ◽  
Michael Niño
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Hispanic Community ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It is well known that Hispanic immigrants exhibit better physical and mental health than their U.S.-born counterparts. Scholars theorize that stronger orientations toward the family, also known as familism, could contribute to this immigrant advantage. Yet, little work directly tests whether familial attitudes may be responsible for the favorable health of foreign-born Hispanics. We investigate this possibility using biomarkers, anthropometrics, and mental health assessments from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 4,078). Results demonstrate that the relationship between familial attitudes and health vary depending on the outcome assessed. While Hispanics with strong attitudes toward familial support have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, those who report high referent familism display worse mental health outcomes. We find little evidence that familism is linked to physical health or that immigrant generation moderates the relationship of interest. Our results challenge assumptions that familism is responsible for the comparably better health of foreign-born Hispanics.

State Lottery Adoptions as Policy Innovations: An Event History Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Stokes Berry ◽  
William D. Berry
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Event History ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Lottery ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Political Economic

Two types of explanations of state government innovation have been proposed: internal determinants models (which posit that the factors causing a state government to innovate are political, economic, and social characteristics of a state) and regional diffusion models (which point toward the role of policy adoptions by neighboring states in prompting a state to adopt). We show that the two are conceptually compatible, relying on Mohr's theory of organizational innovation. Then we develop and test a unified explanation of state lottery adoptions reflecting both internal and regional influences. The empirical results provide a great degree of support for Mohr's theory. For the empirical analysis, we rely on event history analysis, a form of pooled cross-sectional time series analysis, which we believe may be useful in a wide variety of subfields of political science. Event history analysis may be able to explain important forms of political behavior (by individuals, organizations, or governments) even if they occur only rarely.

scholarly journals Beyond the Niche Hypothesis. Property, Marriage, and the Onset of Familial Reproduction in Rural Northwest Germany, 1820–1866

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 73-95
Author(s):  
Georg Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Premarital Pregnancy ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

The study applies event history analysis to nominative data of three contrasting localities to explore the relationship between property transmission and family formation. This allows testing several hypotheses concerning demographic regulation and family dynamics in preindustrial Europe, including but not limited to the niche hypothesis. The analysis finds evidence for four mechanisms of family formation. Firstly, the death of one or both parents promoted marriage of their children. For farmholders, niche inheritance was an important contribution; but parental death also leads to an increase of nuptiality among those who did not own landed property. Beyond ownership, the importance of familial labour roles, particularly of older and younger women, can explain this observation. Second, marriages resulted from the accumulation of an appropriate marriage fund, as indicated by the results that purchases of land and favorable relative prices contributed to the conclusion of marriages. Third, there was an independent role for family dynamics in the sense that property transmission to one child promoted marriage of siblings. The fourth mechanism relates to autonomous family formation through marriages resulting from sexual encounters (indicated by premarital pregnancy). The relative weight of these four mechanisms is remarkably stable across social class and ecotype.

scholarly journals Publishing, signaling, social capital, and gender: Determinants of becoming a tenured professor in German political science

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243514
Author(s):  
Martin Schröder ◽  
Mark Lutter ◽  
Isabel M. Habicht
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Third Party ◽  
University Departments ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Leaky Pipeline ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Party Funding

We apply event history analysis to analyze career and publication data of virtually all political scientists in German university departments, showing that each published refereed journal article increases a political scientist’s chance for tenure by 9 percent, while other publications affect the odds for tenure only marginally and in some cases even negatively. Each received award and third party funding increases the odds for tenure by respectively 41 and 26 percent, while international experience, social capital and children hardly have a strong influence. Surprisingly, having degrees from a German university of excellence strongly decreases the odds for tenure. Women with similar credentials have at least 20 percent higher odds to get tenure than men. Our data therefore suggests that the lower factual hiring rates of women are better explained by a leaky pipeline, e.g. women leaving academia, rather than because women are not hired even when they are as productive as men. The article contributes to a better understanding of the role of meritocratic and non-meritocratic factors in achieving highly competitive job positions.

scholarly journals Young British adults’ homeownership circumstances and the role of intergenerational transfers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-407
Author(s):  
Ellie Suh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Event History Analysis ◽  
House Prices ◽  
Intergenerational Transfers ◽  
Event History ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
History Analysis

Despite the continuing preference for homeownership, it has become increasingly difficult for young adults to own a home in Britain. House prices have increased faster than real earnings between the mid-1990s and the 2010s, resulting in significantly deteriorated affordability. Mortgage products have also become less accessible, as a large deposit has been required to secure the loan after the financial crisis of 2008/09. Previous studies point to the increasing role of intergenerational transfers in filling this gap. Some young adults obtain help from family to become homeowners, either receiving monetary support or by saving through living at the parental home. Using the Wealth and Assets Survey, this study attempts to examine the effect of these two types of family financial support on young adults’ homeownership circumstances, and controlling for other characteristics such as parental homeownership. First, it examines the characteristics of homeowners among young adults cross-sectionally using logistic regression. Second, by focusing on the non-homeowner subsample it analyses the effect of direct (money) and indirect (co-residence) family support on young adults’ entry to homeownership in the six-year period using discrete-time event history analysis. The results show that chances of young adults’ homeownership between 2008/10 and 2014/16 are very much tied to family support. The odds of becoming homeowners who have received direct or indirect support are found to be three times higher, even after accounting for other characteristics.

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