The Muscular Axillary Arch: An Anatomic Study and Clinical Considerations

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS316-ONS320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Rizk ◽  
Kimberly Harbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Neurovascular Compression ◽  
Anatomic Study ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Axillary Arch ◽  
Clinical Considerations

Abstract Objective: The muscular axillary arch is a musculotendinous structure that arises from the latissimus dorsi muscle and crosses the axilla before inserting to the humerus, brachial fascia, or coracoid process. Case reports have described the neurovascular compression symptoms caused by this anatomic variant and have reported that the symptoms can be relieved by division of the muscle. However, there has been little information published regarding this topic in the neurosurgical literature. Methods: We evaluated 70 axillary dissections in 35 cadavers to assess for the presence of this anomaly. Results: The muscular axillary arch was identified unilaterally in 3 (8.6%) of the 35 cadavers. All 3 arches arose from the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi muscle and inserted at a point along a line extending from the coracoid process to the intertubercular groove deep to the insertion of the pectoralis major muscle. All 3 arches crossed over the neurovascular bundle in the axilla. Conclusion: Compression by the muscular axillary arch should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with thoracic outlet and hyperabduction syndromes.

scholarly journals Axillary arch muscle- a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-049
Author(s):  
Kanika Sachdeva ◽  
Monika Lalit ◽  
Anupama Mahajan ◽  
Poonam Delmotra
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Deltoid Muscle ◽  
Coracoid Process ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Lymph Node Staging ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Axillary Arch ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Muscle Fascia

AbstractAnomalous muscles donot usually cause symptoms but are of academic interest. Axillary arch is a variable muscular slip encountered in axilla. Purpose of the present study was to report a rare case of axillary arch muscle. Knowledge of this muscle variation and the possibility of finding it during axillary procedures are crucial for lymph node staging, lymphaedenectomy and for differential diagnosis in compressive pathologies of axillary vessels and brachial plexus. During routine dissection of left axilla in a 60-year old male cadaver, an anomalous muscular slip was encountered. The slip was extending between latissimus dorsi muscle to coracoid process, deltoid muscle, fascia covering biceps and coracobrachialis and was confirmed as axillary arch muscle. The embryological basis, genetics and clinical implications have been discussed. This rare variation will be of interest not only to anatomists but also for clinicians and surgeons dealing with this area.

scholarly journals The effect of posture on the role of pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles in expiration in tetraplegia

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Poobalam Gounden
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Forced Expiration ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Postural Changes

This study was designed to. examine the effect of posture on forced expiration as reflected in phasic electromyographic activity in accessory expiratory muscles in tetraplegic subjects with complete lesions between the fifth and eight cervical segments. In order to determine the effect of posture on the action of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major muscle and the latissimus dorsi muscle during forced expiration, the subjects were studied in two test positions, support sitting and supine lying.Electromyographic examination of the above mentioned muscles in eight tetraplegic subjects showed changes in electrical activity in the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle when the subjects were studied in the supine position. Four out of eight subjects showed evidence of an increase in EMG activity in the supine lying position. When the muscle was tested with the patient in the supported sitting position it failed to demonstrate a significant increase in electromyographic activity during forced expiration.We concluded therefore that the role of the clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle during expiration in tetraplegia is posture dependent. These findings have important therapeutic implications: specific training programmes to increase the strength and endurance of this muscle should be conducted with the subject in the correct position. The action of the latissimus dorsi muscle was not significantly influenced by the postural changes during forced expiration.

Introduction of a Variation in Latissimus Dorsi Muscle (the Axillary Arch of Langer)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Mirhoseini ◽  
Sara Haratizadeh ◽  
Mitra Shokri ◽  
Fereshteh Torabi ◽  
Fereshteh Beigom Talebpour Amiri
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Axillary Arch

scholarly journals Poland syndrome: Chest wall and breast repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Charilaos Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Pectoralis Major ◽  
Poland Syndrome ◽  
Augmentation Mammoplasty ◽  
Breast Asymmetry ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital disorder. Its main characteristics are deficiency of the sternocostal portion of the pectoralis major muscle and symbrachydactyly. However, it encompasses a wide spectrum of other chest, breast and upper extremity anomalies. Patients and Methods: The author’s personal experience with a small series of patients with Poland syndrome is retrospectively reviewed. Only chest and breast anomalies were surgically corrected. A bilateral augmentation mammoplasty using different size implants was performed in order to restore chest and breast asymmetry in female patients. The latissimus dorsi muscle was transferred in order to replace the absent pectoralis major in male patients. Results: Eleven adult patients were found. There were 8 female and 3 male patients (age 21-29, mean 23,5y). Two patients refused any kind of treatment. Nine patients (six females, three males) underwent surgical correction (right side n=8, left side n=1). The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 14 years. There were no major complications. There was a minor complication (seroma) in a male patient after latissimus dorsi transfer, which resolved spontaneously. No capsular contracture has been detected to date and no revision or implant change has been necessary in any of the female patients. All patients were satisfied with the final outcome. Conclusions: The pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle is still the “golden standard” for replacement of the totally absent pectoralis major muscle especially in males. Breast implants are highly successful in correcting chest/ breast asymmetry (size and shape anomalies) in females. Remaining nipple/areola deformities can be easily tackled at a later stage.

Free Innervated Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap for Bladder Atonia

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Molina ◽  
R. Gomez ◽  
W. Calderon ◽  
C. Ramos ◽  
P. Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Clenbuterol Induces Hypertrophy of the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle and Heart in the Rat With Molecular and Phenotypic Changes

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Petrou ◽  
Dylan G. Wynne ◽  
Kenneth R. Boheler ◽  
Magdi H. Yacoub
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Latissimus dorsi muscle flap

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
G. Balakrishnan ◽  
A. Sivakumar ◽  
S. Vijayaragavan
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Satellite cell activation in the stretch-enlarged anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the adult quail

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. C206-C212 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Winchester ◽  
M. E. Davis ◽  
S. E. Alway ◽  
W. J. Gonyea
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Anterior Latissimus Dorsi

Satellite cell activity was examined in the stretch-enlarge anterior latissimus dorsi muscle (ALD) of the adult quail. Thirty-seven birds had a weight equal to 10% of their body mass attached to one wing while the contralateral wing served as an intra-animal control. At various time intervals after application of the wing weight (from 1 to 30 days), the birds were injected with tritiated thymidine and killed 1 h later. Stretched muscle length was greater by day 1 and mass by day 3 when compared with the contralateral muscle. Satellite cells actively synthesizing DNA were quantitated in fiber segments of the control and stretched ALD. A minimum of 1,500 muscle nuclei (satellite cell nuclei and myonuclei) were counted in each muscle. Labeling in stretched muscle was expressed by the percent labeled nuclei per total nuclei counted. Satellite cell labeling was initiated by day 1, peaked between days 3 and 7, and was not statistically different from control values at day 30. These results demonstrate that satellite cells are induced to enter the cell cycle in the stretch-enlarged ALD muscle from the adult quail, and the peak of proliferative activity is within the first week of stretch.

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