scholarly journals Extracellular glucose can fuel metabolism in red blood cells from high glycemic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) but not low glycemic short-horned sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius)

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 (21) ◽  
pp. 3797-3804 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Driedzic ◽  
K. A. Clow ◽  
C. E. Short
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius

scholarly journals CATECHOLAMINE-ACTIVATED SODIUM/PROTON EXCHANGE IN THE RED BLOOD CELLS OF THE MARINE TELEOST GADUS MORHUA

1994 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Berenbrink ◽  
C Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Sodium Proton Exchanger

The effects of catecholamines on the pH and the cellular ion and water content were investigated in red blood cells from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Noradrenaline induced a rapid decrease in the extracellular pH (pHe) of red blood cells suspended in a CO2/bicarbonate or in a CO2/bicarbonate-free buffer system. The noradrenaline-induced changes in pHe were a saturable function of the external sodium ion concentration and were inhibited by amiloride but not by DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid, final concentration of both 10(-4) mol l-1). The catecholamine-induced extracellular acidification was accompanied by an intracellular alkalization and protons were moved from their electrochemical equilibrium. Proton extrusion was associated with an increase in the red blood cell sodium and chloride concentrations. In the presence of DIDS, the chloride movements were blocked and the net proton efflux under these conditions matched the net sodium influx. The results strongly suggested the activation of a sodium/proton exchanger by catecholamines in the red blood cells of the Atlantic cod. The red blood cell receptor affinity for adrenaline was three times higher than that for noradrenaline. Comparison with data in the literature for in vivo catecholamine concentrations indicated that adrenaline was more effective than noradrenaline in activating the red blood cell sodium/proton exchanger in the Atlantic cod in vivo.

scholarly journals ACTIVE Na+-, Cl-- AND HCO3--DEPENDENT ACID EXTRUSION IN ATLANTIC COD RED BLOOD CELLS IN WINTER ACTIVATED BY HYPERCAPNIA

1994 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Berenbrink ◽  
C Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Disulphonic Acid ◽  
Acid Extrusion

The relationship between intracellular pH (pHi) and extracellular pH (pHe) was investigated in red blood cells from the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in carbon dioxide/bicarbonate-buffered salines. In summer animals (August/September), similar transmembrane distribution ratios of chloride ([Cl-]i/[Cl-]e=rCl-) and protons ([H+]e/[H+]i=rH+) suggested a passive Donnan distribution of these ions across the red blood cell membrane at pHe 6.7­8.4. In winter animals (February/March), a marked discrepancy occurred between rH+ and rCl- at low pHe values. The pronounced increase in rH+ resulted in significantly higher pHi values compared with those of red blood cells from summer animals and at pHe 6.7 pHi exceeded pHe by 0.3 units. The increases in rH+ values were completely abolished by cyanide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The high disequilibrium rH+ values were sodium-, chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent. During hypercapnic acidosis, proton equivalents were extruded from the red blood cell. The resulting high rH+ values were accompanied by a reduced chloride shift into the red blood cell and a ouabain-insensitive net sodium influx. The net sodium influx into red blood cells from winter animals was significantly reduced in the presence of DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid). The results suggest the activation of a Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO3-exchanger at low pHe in the red blood cells of the Atlantic cod in winter.

Piscine Erythrocytic Necrosis Virus in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua, and Other Fish: Ultrastructure and Distribution

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1188-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Walker ◽  
Stuart W. Sherburne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Obvious Relation

Electron microscopy of erythrocytes of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, with piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN) shows a small cytoplasmic viroplasm (~ 1 μm), often with an adjacent coherent group of large (330 nm) icosahedral virions. The viroplasm is Feulgen-positive, so the agent is an erythrocyte icosahedral cytoplasmic deoxyribovirus (EICDV) analogous to others reported in red cells of poikilotherms. PEN lesions in cod blood cells were found in 11–16% of samples from New Brunswick, Maine, and Georges Bank. PEN was found in cod of 15–80 cm total length taken at depths of 5–90 m. Incidence in the Georges Bank area was higher at depths of about 55 m. Intensity of infection varied from < 0.01 to ~ 99% of mature red cells, without obvious relation to cod size, sex, or condition, or to depth at which taken. PEN infections are reported in various other fish species and in other areas. Key words: viral infections, cytology, ultrastructure, morphology, pathology, Atlantic coast fishes

Marine Fish Tissue Culture

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Townsley ◽  
H. G. Wight ◽  
M. A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Raja Radiata

Cell proliferation of tissue explants of different organs from marine fish has been achieved in a nutrient solution composed of Medium 199 plus 10% human serum. Fin, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, gonad, brain, uterus, and thymus tissues have been cultured. The tissues were obtained from sexually mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), white perch (Roccus americanus) winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), thorny skate (Raja radiata), American goosefish (Lophius americanus), pollock (Pollachius virens), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius). An actively dividing cell culture of flounder kidney cells prepared by mechanical disruption of the kidney tissue was maintained through serial transfers over several months. Heart explants from the cod vigorously pulsated in tissue culture.

scholarly journals Predation on hatchery-reared lobsters released in the wild

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1794-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gro I van der Meeren
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Rocky Substratum ◽  
Cancer Pagurus ◽  
Shorthorn Sculpin ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Labrus Bergylta

Predation on hatchery-reared lobsters (Homarus gammarus) in the wild was studied in order to identify predators in southwestern Norway on rocky and sandy substrates in winter and summer. Lobsters of 12-15 mm carapace length were tagged with magnetic microtags. About 51 000 juvenile lobsters were released on 10 occasions at three locations. Predator samplings were by trammel nets, eel traps, and videorecordings during the 24 h immediately following the releases. In summer, loss to predators occurred on both rocky and sandy substrates. The loss was lower in winter when lobsters were found as prey in predators caught on sand. The risk of fish predation was highest in the first hours after release, when the lobsters were out of shelter. The wrasses Labrus bergylta and Labrus mixtus were the major predators of lobsters, while Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius), and crab (Cancer pagurus) were mainly winter predators. Winter predators were never as abundant as summer predators. To minimise predatory loss of reared and costly lobsters, they should be released onto rocky substratum in winter. Due to the damage to the predated lobsters, it was not possible to correlate survival against lobster size.

scholarly journals Distribution and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes in fish and seals in the Gulf of St. Lawrence: potential importance of climatic conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Marcogliese
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pseudoterranova Decipiens ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Contracaecum Osculatum ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Longhorn Sculpin ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes ◽  
Seal Diet

Prevalence and abundance of sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) and other anisakid nematodes were determined in a variety of fishes from the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1990 and 1992. Sealworm abundance and prevalence were also determined in three species of seals in the Gulf between 1988 and 1992. Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and longhorn sculpin (M. octodecemspinosus) were the fishes most heavily infected with sealworm. Grey seals(Halichoerus grypus) proved to be the most important definitive hosts for sealworm in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased, whereas that of Anisakis simplex and contracaecine nematodes decreased, from north to south in the Gulf. Abundance of sealworm increased compared to earlier surveys in most areas of the Gulf, but decreased in both cod and grey seals during the course of this study. In contrast, abundance of Contracaecum osculatum and Phocascaris spp. in grey seals and cod continued to increase during the study period. Observed increases of nematodes are attributed to growing populations of grey seals (for sealworm) and harp seals (for Contracaecinea). Levels of A. simplex remained relatively constant between 1988 and 1992 in both grey seals and cod. There is no evidence suggesting that observed patterns in nematode abundance were due to changes in grey seal diet. Nor was there any evidence of competition between P. decipiens and C. osculatum in grey seals affecting either sealworm abundance or fecundity. The trends detected herein are attributed to climatic events in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where water temperatures in the cold intermediate layer consistently decreased between 1986 and 1994. It is suggested that low temperatures inhibited development and hatching of sealworm eggs, but not those of C. osculatum.

Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma murmanensis in marine fish of the northwestern Atlantic following experimental transmission

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 2141-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Myoxocephalus Scorpius ◽  
Hemopoietic System

The susceptibility of four species of marine fish (Gadus morhua, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Myoxocephalus scorpius, and Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus) to leech-transmitted Trypanosoma murmanensis was assessed 49–60 days after infection by comparing condition factor, organ somatic indices, parasitological, hematological, and histological findings with corresponding uninfected animals. The fish were maintained at temperatures (0–1 °C) to simulate the environment where transmission occurs naturally. High mortality occurred in juvenile Atlantic cod and winter flounder, but deaths decreased with increasing fish size. No adult fish died except flounder when fin rot was present. Anemia was the most common pathological feature observed in young fish at necropsy, but its severity was not always correlated with the level of parasitemia. The persistent anemia was probably associated with an inactive rather than an impaired hemopoietic system. Condition factor and somatic indices of liver, spleen, and heart were altered in some infected fish groups. It is concluded that T. murmanensis is a potential pathogen, especially to juvenile American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, in which high prevalences of natural infections have been observed in some areas of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean.

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