Induction of potential for sperm motility by bicarbonate and pH in rainbow trout and chum salmon

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morisawa ◽  
M. Morisawa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Sperm Duct ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Immotile Spermatozoa

Spermatozoa of rainbow trout and chum salmon, which have no potential for motility in the testis, acquire that potential in the sperm duct. This paper demonstrates that there is little difference between the levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and osmolality of the seminal plasma in the testis and in the sperm duct. However, the bicarbonate concentration of the seminal plasma and the pH value of semen were higher in the sperm duct than in the testis. When immotile spermatozoa obtained from the testis were incubated in artificial seminal plasma with a high pH and containing HCO3-, spermatozoa became motile within 1 h. These results suggest that spermatozoa of salmonid fish acquire the potential for motility as a result of the increase in seminal bicarbonate concentration and pH that occurs as spermatozoa pass from the testis to the sperm duct.

Respiration and Osmoregulation in Rainbow Trout with Gills Damaged by Zinc Sulphate

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
J. F. SKIDMORE
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Gill Ventilation ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Zinc Sulphate Solution

1. Damage to the gill epithelium occurs when hatched fish are killed rapidly by solutions of zinc sulphate. 2. The rate of routine oxygen uptake by lightly sedated, quiet, rainbow trout did not alter on exposure to a rapidly toxic solution of zinc sulphate. However, oxygen utilization decreased seven-fold, gill ventilation volume increased six-fold, heart rate was halved, coughing rate increased 18-fold and the Po2 of dorsal aortic blood declined. 3. Unsedated trout usually struggled on exposure to zinc. The survival time of struggling fish was reduced and oxygen uptake increased, but other physiological changes were similar to those in quiet fish. 4. The respiratory changes in poisoned trout were generally similar to changes observed earlier in the same fish under hypoxia. 5. The osmotic concentration and the concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc in blood were largely unaffected by immobilization in zinc sulphate solution. Trout survived a four-fold increase in zinc concentration in the blood by injection. 6. The results suggest that epithelial damage decreased the permeability of the gills to oxygen, and did not increase their permeability to cations. Zinc was not a rapid internal poison. Death was probably caused by tissue hypoxia, when maximum gill ventilation was no longer sufficient to supply the oxygen needs of the fish.

2,4-D Amine Antagonism by Salts

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Zenon Woznica ◽  
Robert Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Diammonium Sulfate ◽  
Phosphate Salts

Research was conducted to determine the influence of salts on 2,4-D toxicity to kochia. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron salts except for sulfate and phosphate salts of calcium and sodium were antagonistic to 2,4-D diethanolamine. None of the ammonium salts antagonized 2,4-D control of kochia. Effects of individual ions generally antagonistic to 2,4-D were additive when in mixture. 2,4-D generally controlled kochia better when mixed with various acids than with their ammonium salts in distilled, sodium bicarbonate, or ferric sulfate water carriers, relating to the lower pH with the acids. However, low pH was not essential in overcoming salt antagonism of 2,4-D for kochia control, nor was 2,4-D always effective with low pH. Sulfate and monobasic phosphate anions were most effective in overcoming sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride antagonism of 2,4-D. The concentration of diammonium sulfate needed to overcome sodium bicarbonate antagonism of 2,4-D increased with sodium bicarbonate concentration. Diammonium sulfate at 2% (w/v) overcame 1200 mg L–1sodium as sodium bicarbonate. Nonionic surfactants and oil adjuvants also overcame antagonism of 2,4-D caused by water from several sources.

scholarly journals Human Urine Alterations Caused by Apricot Seeds Consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tušimová ◽  
Katarína Zbyňovská ◽  
Anton Kováčik ◽  
Katarína Michalcová ◽  
Marek Halenár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Adult Volunteers

AbstractAmygdalin is a cyanogenic glucoside derived from various plants seeds. It is a natural product that owns antitumor activity, it has also been used for the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, leprosy and diabetes and produces antitussive and antiasthmatic effects. The present in vivo study was designed to reveal whether amygdalin in apricot seeds has got an effect on human urine composition, pH value and urine associated health status after twelve weeks of oral administration. The study group finally consisted of 12 healthy adult volunteers. All participants consumed 60 mg/kg of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily (approximately 3.0 mg/kg of amygdalin) during 12 weeks. Two urine collections were carried out (at the beginning of the experiment and after 84 days). Quantification of urine calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorides, urea and pH value after apricot seeds supplementation was performed. Paired t-test showed, that consumption of bitter apricot seeds during 84 days had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on amount of calcium excreted in urine, though this decrease shifted its level from elevated mean value in control collection into normal physiological range. No significant changes were observed in other parameters after apricot seed ingestion.

scholarly journals The Micro-Estimation of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride, and Sulphate in Sea Water and the Body Fluids of Marine Animals

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-177
Author(s):  
J. D. ROBERTSON ◽  
D. A. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Barium Chloride ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Ceric Sulphate

Methods are presented for the estimation of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate in sea water and in other solutions, such as the blood and body fluids of marine animals, whose inorganic composition is similar to that of sea water. The estimations may be performed on 1 ml. samples, and the limit of error is about 2%. Sodium is precipitated and weighed as sodium zinc uranyl acetate; potassium is precipitated as potassium silver cobaltinitrite which is titrated with ceric sulphate; calcium is titrated with ceric sulphate after two precipitations as oxalate; magnesium is precipitated with hydroxyquinoline and the precipitate brominated and estimated iodometrically; chloride is treated with silver iodate and the released iodate estimated iodometrically; sulphate is titrated with barium chloride using sodium rhodizonate as indicator.

scholarly journals Acquisition of potential for sperm motility in rainbow trout and chum salmon

1986 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morisawa ◽  
M. Morisawa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Spawning Ground ◽  
Sperm Duct ◽  
Testicular Spermatozoa ◽  
Male Reproductive Organ ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Triton X

The male reproductive organ of rainbow trout and chum salmon consists of a pair of testes and sperm ducts. Spermatozoa in the distal portion of the sperm ducts exhibit full motility in the K+-free medium. However, spermatozoa from the testis were almost immotile in this medium. This suggests that the spermatozoa acquire a capacity for movement during their passage from the testis along the sperm duct. In chum salmon migrating into a bay, the sperm duct was almost empty. However, after the fish have travelled upstream for 1 km to their spawning ground in the river, the spermatozoa have left the testis, moved into the sperm duct and are capable of becoming motile. Thus it is probable that the process of acquiring the ability to move occurs within a relatively short period in this simple reproductive organ. Additionally, testicular spermatozoa demembranated with Triton X-100 exhibited motility, although the motility was less than that of demembranated spermatozoa from the sperm duct, suggesting that the acquisition of motility may correspond with the development of some function of the plasma membrane.

scholarly journals Coffee Brews: Are They a Source of Macroelements in Human Nutrition?

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Ewa Olechno ◽  
Anna Puścion-Jakubik ◽  
Katarzyna Socha ◽  
Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Coffee Brew ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Coffee Brews

Coffee brews, made by pouring water on coffee grounds or brewing in an espresso machine, are among the most popular beverages. The aim of this study was to summarize data on the content of macroelements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) in coffee brews prepared with different methods, as well as to review the factors influencing the content of the elements. Studies from 2000 to 2020, published in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, were reviewed. Taking into account the results presented by the authors, we calculated that one portion of coffee brew can cover 7.5% or 6.4% (for women and men) and 6.6% of the daily requirement for magnesium and potassium, respectively. Coffee provides slightly lower amounts of phosphorus (up to 2.2%), sodium (up to 2.2%), and calcium (up to 0.7% of the daily requirement for women and 0.6% for men). If coffee is drunk in the quantity of three to four cups, it can be an important source of magnesium, considering the risk of magnesium deficiency in modern societies.

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