scholarly journals Ultrasound-induced yaw movements in the flying Australian field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. May ◽  
R. R. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus ◽  
Field Crickets

An ultrasonic stimulus induced negative phonotactic steering in the yaw axis of tethered, flying Australian field crickets. The forewings, hindwings and twisting of the thorax generated the forces which induced the yaw turn. However, abdominal ruddering did not contribute to yaw turns. Each aspect of the yaw steering response depended upon the stimulus intensity. At higher ultrasonic intensities, the magnitude and average angular velocity increased while the latency of the yaw turn decreased. Each of these factors varied in a graded manner, revealing that this behavior is more complex than a simple reflex.

scholarly journals Multisegmental analyses of acoustic startle in the flying cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus): kinematics and electromyography

1992 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
C. I. Miles ◽  
M. L. May ◽  
E. H. Holbrook ◽  
R. R. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus ◽  
Field Crickets

Tethered, flying Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) stimulated with ultrasound respond with a rapid, short-latency turn from the sound source. We analyzed the kinematics of two behavioral components of this acoustic startle response and recorded electromyograms from the muscles involved in producing them. The two behavior patterns studied were the swing of the metathoracic leg, which has been shown to elicit a short-latency turn, and a lateral swing of the antennae, for which a direct role in steering has not been demonstrated. The kinematic data showed that when a pulse of ultrasound was presented to one side of the animal (1) the contralateral metathoracic leg abducted and elevated, while the ipsilateral leg remained in place, (2) both antennae swung laterally, but the contralateral antenna moved farther than the ipsilateral antenna, (3) increases in stimulus intensity elicited larger movements of the leg and contralateral antenna, while the ipsilateral antenna showed little sensitivity to stimulus intensity, and (4) for the leg, the latency to the onset of the swing decreased and the duration of the movement increased with increasing stimulus intensity. Electromyograms were recorded from the leg abductor M126 and two antennal muscles: the medial scapo-pedicellar muscle M6 and the lateral scapo-pedicellar muscle M7. M7 moves the antenna laterally, M6 moves it medially. Upon stimulation with ultrasound (1) both M126 and M7 showed increasing spike activity with increasing intensity of the ultrasound stimulus, (2) M126 showed a decrease in latency to the first spike and an increase in the duration of spike activity with increasing stimulus intensity, (3) latencies for M6 and M7 were not correlated with stimulus intensity, but M7 had significantly shorter latencies than M6 and the contralateral M7 had significantly shorter latencies than the ipsilateral M7, and (4) the ipsilateral M126 spiked in response to ultrasound in 6 of the 10 animals tested. In these cases, however, latency to the first spike was substantially longer, and the spike frequency was lower than for the muscle's response to contralateral stimuli. We attempt to correlate these electromyogram data with the kinematic data and relate them to the relevance of the two behavior patterns to the execution of an escape response.

scholarly journals Balancing Selection on Electrophoretic Variation of Phosphoglucose Isomerase in Two Species of Field Cricket: Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 609-621
Author(s):  
Laura A Katz ◽  
Richard G Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Electrophoretic Variation ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Gryllus Veletis

Two species of crickets, Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus, share six electrophoretic mobility classes for the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), despite evidence from other genetic markers that the two species are not closely related within eastern North American field crickets. Moreover, the frequencies of the two most common PGI electrophoretic classes (PGI-100 and PGI-65) covary in sympatric populations of these species in the eastern United States, suggesting that PGI may be subject to trans-specific balancing selection. To determine the molecular basis of the electrophoretic variation, we characterized the DNA sequence of the Pgi gene from 29 crickets (15 G. veletis and 14 G. pennsylvanicus). Amino acid substitutions that distinguish the electrophoretic classes are not the same in the two species, and there is no evidence that specific replacement substitutions represent trans-specific polymorphism. In particular, the amino acids that diagnose the PGI-65 allele relative to the PGI-100 allele differ both between G. veletis and G. pennsylvanicus and within G. pennsylvanicus. The heterogeneity among electrophoretic classes that covary in sympatric populations coupled with analysis of patterns of nucleotide variation suggest that Pgi is not evolving neutrally. Instead, the data are consistent with balancing selection operating on an emergent property of the PGI protein.

Courtship song is more variable than calling song in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

2008 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 1065-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Zuk ◽  
Darren Rebar ◽  
Sarah Primrose Scott
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Song ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus

EVOLUTION IN THE FIELD CRICKET, ACHETA ASSIMILIS FAB.

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Speciation ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Temporal Difference ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Incomplete Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Two Populations

Progeny of northern spring field cricket adults lay non-diapause eggs, undergo nymphal diapause, and overwinter as nymphs. Progeny of northern fall adults lay diapause eggs, do not undergo nymphal diapause, and overwinter as eggs. The two populations cannot interbreed freely in the field owing to a temporal difference in breeding seasons; they did not interbreed in the laboratory. Rearing experiments show that the developmental differences are genetically based rather than environmentally conditioned, and it is, therefore, unlikely that hybrids would be viable even if they were produced in the field. Consequently these two populations behave as good species. Field crickets from Virginia developed much more rapidly than did spring crickets from Quebec. Quebec spring males and Virginia females produced hybrids with developmental rates intermediate between those of their parents. More female than male hybrids were produced, and the females developed more rapidly than did male hybrids. Offspring were produced by hybrid females and Quebec spring males, but not by hybrid females and Virginia males. Partial, but incomplete reproductive isolation exists between Quebec and Virginia field crickets. A possible mechanism of sympatric speciation in insects is discussed.

Release from bats: genetic distance and sensoribehavioural regression in the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus

2009 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Fullard ◽  
Hannah M. ter Hofstede ◽  
John M. Ratcliffe ◽  
Gerald S. Pollack ◽  
Gian S. Brigidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus ◽  
The Pacific

Acoustically-orienting parasitoids in calling and silent males of the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLENE ZUK ◽  
LEIGH W. SIMMONS ◽  
JOHN T. ROTENBERRY
Keyword(s):  
Field Cricket ◽  
Teleogryllus Oceanicus

Multilocus phylogeny of Gryllus field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae) utilizing anchored hybrid enrichment

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4750 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. GRAY ◽  
DAVID B. WEISSMAN ◽  
JEFFREY A. COLE ◽  
EMILY MORIARTY LEMMON
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Anchored Hybrid Enrichment

We present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Gryllus field cricket species found in the United States and Canada, select additional named Gryllus species found in Mexico and the Bahamas, plus the European field cricket G. campestris Linnaeus and the Afro-Eurasian cricket G. bimaculatus De Geer. Acheta, Teleogryllus, and Nigrogryllus were used as outgroups. Anchored hybrid enrichment was used to generate 492,531 base pairs of DNA sequence from 563 loci. RAxML analysis of concatenated sequence data and Astral analysis of gene trees gave broadly congruent results, especially for older branches and overall tree structure. The North American Gryllus are monophyletic with respect to the two Old World taxa; certain sub-groups show rapid recent divergence. This is the first Anchored Hybrid Enrichment study of an insect group done for closely related species within a single genus, and the results illustrate the challenges of reconstructing the evolutionary history of young rapidly diverged taxa when both incomplete lineage sorting and probable hybridization are at play. Because Gryllus field crickets have been used extensively as a model system in evolutionary ecology, behavior, neuro-physiology, speciation, and life-history and life-cycle evolution, these results will help inform, interpret, and guide future research in these areas. 

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