Cyclic stress-strain relations from bending and push-pull tests

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J White ◽  
G P Horwood
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Cyclic Plastic ◽  
Pull Tests

Cyclic plastic-straining tests have been conducted in push-pull on cylindrical specimens and in uniform bending on rectangular-section bars of mild steel (B.S. 1501–161 Grade 28A) and of stainless steel (En 58J). The mild-steel specimens were tested at room temperature and 350°C, the stainless-steel specimens at room temperature and 650°C. It is found that there is good correspondence between cyclic stress-strain relations (the cyclic semi-range of strain and the corresponding cyclic semi-range of stress) derived from bending tests, when an expression analogous to that developed by Nadai for monotonic straining is used, and those obtained more directly from push-pull tests.

Strain concentration in beams under cyclic plastic straining

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J White ◽  
M Radomski
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Strain Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Plastic ◽  
Cyclic Straining

Cyclic plastic-straining tests with controlled deflections have been conducted on beams subject to uniform bending, three-point bending, and a cosine distribution of bending moment; the second and third beams represent cases of strain concentration. Three different materials were used, namely mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminium. The strain-concentration tests show stainless steel and aluminium to be more resistant to deflection cycling than mild steel. A similar difference is not found in the uniform bending tests to anything like the same extent. Stainless steel shows a more pronounced strain-hardening characteristic in the cyclic stress-strain curve than does mild steel and it is concluded that this produces a more favourable strain distribution along the length of the beam, so that the maximum strain is less and the endurance is correspondingly greater. For materials which show settled cyclic stress-strain relations, reasonable predictions may be made of life in deflection cycling of beams under strain-concentration conditions if the strains are calculated from the cyciic relations and the corresponding endurance is obtained from uniform bending tests. If, for design purposes, the strains determining the life are calculated from monotonic stress-strain relations, the design will be safe, provided the material does not soften with cyclic straining.

Strain localization in beams under cyclic plastic straining at room and elevated temperature

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Horwood ◽  
D J White
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Strain Localization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Elastic Analysis ◽  
Stress Strain Relation ◽  
Localization Conditions ◽  
Strain Cycling

Deflection-controlled tests have been conducted on beams subjected to uniform bending and two forms of non-uniform bending in which strain localization occurs. The materials tested were mild steel to B.S. 1501–161 Grade 28A at room temperature and 350°C and stainless steel En 58J at room temperature and 650°C. For materials which show a settled cyclic stress-strain relation (the cyclic semi-range of strain and the corresponding cyclic semi-range of stress) estimates may be made of life in deflection cycling for beams under strain-localization conditions if the strains are calculated from the cyclic relations and the corresponding endurances are obtained from strain-cycling tests in uniform bending. On the basis of the present and previous results, it is believed that this procedure will give predictions which are on the side of safety. In the present work the predictions were often unduly safe. For materials which strain-harden severely, an elastic analysis may sometimes be adequate for an assessment of the strains involved. However, with such an analysis the predicted endurances may be unsafe and should be reduced by a suitable factor to allow for uncertainties.

On the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of a Ni-base superalloy at room temperature

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakil Singh ◽  
W. Chen ◽  
H.M. Yun ◽  
R.P. Wahi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strain Behaviour ◽  
Base Superalloy

A Radiotracer Study of Cs+ and Cl- Deposition on Steels and Zircaloy-2 in Alkaline Water Systems

1963 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hesford ◽  
Miss J. Williams ◽  
G. N. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Electrode Potentials ◽  
Radiotracer Study

SummaryA radiotracer study was made of caesium and chloride ion deposition on mild steel, premagnetited mild steel, stainless steel and zircaloy-2 specimens under oxidising conditions at room temperature and oxygenfree conditions at room temperature and 60° C. The results show that under any of the conditions examined uptake on stainless steel and zircaloy is low. With mild steel uptake is only low when the surface is premagnetited, and exposed to deoxygenated water at elevated temperatures. Results for anion deposition are interpreted with reference to the electrode potentials of the surfaces. Cation deposition is unrelated to electrode potentials and appears to be associated with the hydrous character of the oxide film.

High-Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Solution-Annealed and Thermally-Aged Type 304 Stainless Steel

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soo ◽  
J. G. Y. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain History ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

High-cycle, load-controlled fatigue data have been obtained for solution-annealed and thermally-aged Type 304 stainless steel, for temperatures between 22 and 593°C (72-1100°F) at a cycling rate of 40 Hz. Although these data are principally used to assess fatigue failure in components subjected to rapid stress cycling, it has been shown that they may be correlated with available low-cycle data if cyclic stress-strain curves are used for converting the high-cycle stresses to effective strains. Differences in initial stress-strain history and cycling rates for the high- and low-cycle data evaluated are found to be unimportant. For the thermally-aged material there is an initial enhancement of the high-cycle-fatigue strength but, after long aging times, the strength decreases to a value close to that for unaged material. The carbide precipitates formed during aging appear to influence fatigue life through changes they impart in the cyclic work-hardening rates.

A Simple Model for Stable Cyclic Stress-Strain Relationship of Type 304 Stainless Steel Under Nonproportional Loading

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamoto Itoh ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Toshimitsu Nakagawa ◽  
Masao Sakane
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Nonproportional Loading ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Strain Paths ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

This paper proposes a simple two-surface model for cyclic incremental plasticity based on combined Mroz and Ziegler kinematic hardening rules under nonproportional loading. The model has only seven material constants and a nonproportional factor which describes the degree of additional hardening. Cyclic loading experiments with fourteen strain paths were conducted using Type 304 stainless steel. The simulation has shown that the model was precise enough to calculate the stable cyclic stress-strain relationship under nonproportional loadings. [S0094-4289(00)00101-8]

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