Eco-diesel engine fuelled with rapeseed oil methyl ester and ethanol. Part 1: Efficiency and emission

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kowalewicz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Novel Concept

A novel concept of fuelling a diesel engine with biofuels - rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) and ethanol was proposed, developed, and investigated. The idea of the concept depends on standard fuelling with RME and additional injection of ethanol into the inlet port during the inlet stroke. After ignition from burning RME droplets, the ethanol-air mixture burns very quickly and promotes combustion of the main fuel droplets. This results in a shorter combustion period. Experiments were carried out with the use of a one-cylinder direct injection diesel engine adapted to ethanol injection at three speeds and two loads: low and high and for three injection timings. At each experimental point the proportion of ethanol to RME was changed from zero to the value at which diesel knock occurred in such a way that the engine load was kept constant. This showed the influence of the ethanol energy to total fuel energy ratio (ΩE) on effciency and emissions (ΩE was a main independent variable parameter). A considerable decrease in CO2 and the smoke level was obtained and, for high loads also CO and HC emissions. At low loads the NOx emissions were reduced. The optimum ratio of ethanol energy to total fuel energy, in terms of brake fuel conversion effciency and benefit of emission decrease, was found to be about 25 per cent.

scholarly journals Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine using blends of punnai oil biodiesel and diesel as fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1 Part A) ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibin Chidambaranathan ◽  
P. Seenikannan ◽  
P.K. Devan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Direct Injection Diesel Engine ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Hc Emissions

Fast-growing demand for automobile vehicles and depletion of fossil fuel forced the researchers to think for alternative fuel which can replace the diesel fuel. From this perspective, Punnai oil which is non-edible in nature is chosen as a feedstock for producing methyl ester. Punnai oil can be converted into biodiesel/methyl ester by transesterification process. From gas chromatography analysis it is found that biodiesel of Punnai oil contains linoleic, oleic and palmitic fatty acids. Presence of these fatty acids and in the Punnai oil biodiesel will enhance the combustion characteristics. To ascertain the suitability of Punnai oil biodiesel as a fuel for direct injection Diesel engine, the experimental work was carried out using a constant speed, four-stroke single-cylinder Diesel engine. Experimental results show that there is a decrease in brake thermal efficiency and an increase in NOx and CO2 emissions with increased concentration of biodiesel in the blend. Smoke, CO, and HC emissions were reduced significantly. At rated power, brake thermal efficiencies of diesel, B20, B40, B60, and B80 are 29.2%, 28.6%, 28.1%, 27.5%, and 27%, respectively, and NOx emissions are in the order of 1516 ppm, 1547 ppm, 1553 ppm, 1567 ppm, and 1631 ppm. Smoke emission for diesel fuel was 50% whereas for B20, B40, B60, and B80, smoke emissions were 48%, 45%, 44%, and 43%. The same trend was observed for hydrocarbon emissions. Combustion characteristics of B20 blend closely follow the trend of diesel fuel. The maximum cylinder pressure of diesel and B20 are 68.3 bar and 67 bar, respectively, and maxi-mum heat release rate of diesel and B20 are 56 kJ/m3 oCA and 54 kJ/m3 oCA, respectively.

Results of an Off-Road Diesel Engine Driven With Different Animal Fat Based Biofuels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Ville Vauhkonen ◽  
Erkki Hiltunen ◽  
Sampo Virtanen ◽  
Toomas Karhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Hc Emissions

The demand for increased use of biofuels in both on- and off-road diesel engines is growing. The carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced, but the increase in the petroleum prices and possible shortage of crude oil also promote the interest in biofuels. Simultaneously, exhaust pollutants of diesel engines have to be drastically reduced. The nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) form the main challenge for diesel exhaust cleaning. Despite the emissions reduction, the fuel economy of the engines should be kept at a sufficient level to also prevent the CO2 increase. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection off-road diesel engine was driven with two animal fat based bio-fuels, namely steelhead (or rainbow trout) methyl ester (StME) and crude steelhead oil (StO). Crude or neat biofuels are also of interest since medium-speed engines are able to burn unrefined bio-oils. A vegetable oil based fuel, canola oil methyl ester (RME) served as the main reference biofuel. The baseline results were measured with commercial low-sulfur diesel fuel oil (DFO). The main aim of the project was to clarify how the waste-derived animal fat based biofuels are suited to engine use. The performance and emissions characteristics of the engine were determined. In addition to regulated emissions, the particle size distributions were also examined. The results showed that the studied animal fat derived ester was very suitable for the off-road test engine. NOx increased but hydrocarbons (HC), smoke, and PM mass decreased (by up to 60%) while thermal efficiency and carbon monoxide (CO) remained approximately unchanged. The particle number emissions were competitive relative to DFO. Raw fish oil StO reduced HC emissions but increased NOx and particle mass and number emissions. CO and smoke behaved ambiguously, so further investigation is needed for this fuel.

Engine Analysis of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine Fuelled With Sunflower Oil, Sunflower Oil Methyl Ester and Its Blends

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Anandram ◽  
S. Ramakrishnan ◽  
J. Karthick ◽  
S. Saravanan ◽  
G. LakshmiNarayanaRao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Emission ◽  
Oil Sunflower

In the present work, the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of sunflower oil, sunflower methyl ester and its blends were studied and compared with diesel by employing them as fuel in a single cylinder, direct injection, 4.4 KW, air cooled diesel engine. Emission measurements were carried out using five-gas exhaust gas analyzer and smoke meter. The performance characteristics of Sunflower oil, Sunflower methyl ester and its blends were comparable with those of diesel. The components of exhaust such as HC, CO, NOx and soot concentration of the fuels were measured and presented as a function of load and it was observed that the blends had similar performance and emission characteristics as those of diesel. NOx emissions of sunflower oil methyl ester were slightly higher than that of diesel but that of sunflower oil was slightly lower than that of diesel. With respect to the combustion characteristics it was found that the biofuels have lower ignition delay than diesel. The heat release rate was very high for diesel than for the biofuel.

Optimization of mixed biofuel composition for diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Basic Characteristics

Biofuels derived from vegetable oils are known to be promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. The possibility of using mixtures of petroleum diesel fuel with rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil methyl ester as environmentally friendly motor fuels is considered. The practicability of changing the composition of these mixtures in accordance with the engine operating mode is shown. A technique for multicriteria optimization of the composition of such mixed biofuels is suggested. The basic characteristics of the optimal composition of these mixed biofuels are calculated. A device for regulating fuel’s composition is proposed. The basic characteristic of regulation of the blended biofuel composition realized by the device is presented. Keywords diesel engine; combustion chamber; oil diesel fuel; rapeseed oil; rapeseed oil methyl ester; biofuel mixture; ecological characteristics; exhaust gases toxicity

scholarly journals Modification of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine in Improving the Ignitability and Emissions of Diesel–Ethanol–Palm Oil Methyl Ester Blends

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Injection Strategies

Blending diesel with biofuels, such as ethanol and palm oil methyl ester (PME), enhances the fuel properties and produces improved engine performance and low emissions. However, the presence of ethanol, which has a small cetane number and low heating value, reduces the fuel ignitability. This work aimed to study the effect of injection strategies, compression ratio (CR), and air intake temperature (Ti) modification on blend ignitability, combustion characteristics, and emissions. Moreover, the best composition of diesel–ethanol–PME blends and engine modification was selected. A simulation was also conducted using Converge CFD software based on a single-cylinder direct injection compression ignition Yanmar TF90 engine parameter. Diesel–ethanol–PME blends that consist of 10% ethanol with 40% PME (D50E10B40), D50E25B25, and D50E40B10 were selected and conducted on different injection strategies, compression ratios, and intake temperatures. The results show that shortening the injection duration and increasing the injected mass has no significant effect on ignition. Meanwhile, advancing the injection timing improves the ignitability but with weak ignition energy. Therefore, increasing the compression ratio and ambient temperature helps ignite the non-combustible blends due to the high temperature and pressure. This modification allowed the mixture to ignite with a minimum CR of 20 and Ti of 350 K. Thus, blending high ethanol contents in a diesel engine can be applied by advancing the injection, increasing the CR, and increasing the ambient temperature. From the emission comparison, the most suitable mixtures that can be operated in the engine without modification is D50E25B25, and the most appropriate modification on the engine is by increasing the ambient temperature at 350 K.

Experimental investigations on combustion of jatropha methyl ester in a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1865-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Anand ◽  
R P Sharma ◽  
P S Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Gas Temperature

Suitability of vegetable oil as an alternative to diesel fuel in compression ignition engines has become attractive, and research in this area has gained momentum because of concerns on energy security, high oil prices, and increased emphasis on clean environment. The experimental work reported here has been carried out on a turbocharged direct-injection multicylinder truck diesel engine using diesel fuel and jatropha methyl ester (JME)-diesel blends. The results of the experimental investigation indicate that an increase in JME quantity in the blend slightly advances the dynamic fuel injection timing and lowers the ignition delay compared with the diesel fuel. A maximum rise in peak pressure limited to 6.5 per cent is observed for fuel blends up to 40 per cent JME for part-load (up to about 50 per cent load) operations. However, for a higher-JME blend, the peak pressures decrease at higher loads remained within 4.5 per cent. With increasing proportion of JME in the blend, the peak pressure occurrence slightly advances and the maximum rate of pressure rise, combustion duration, and exhaust gas temperature decrease by 9 per cent, 15 per cent and 17 per cent respectively. Although the changes in brake thermal efficiencies for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends compared with diesel fuel remain insignificant, the 60 per cent JME blend showed about 2.7 per cent improvement in the brake thermal efficiency. In general, it is observed that the overall performance and combustion characteristics of the engine do not alter significantly for 20 per cent and 40 per cent JME blends but show an improvement over diesel performance when fuelled with 60 per cent JME blend.

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