scholarly journals Targeting the Poor: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Alatas ◽  
Abhijit Banerjee ◽  
Rema Hanna ◽  
Benjamin A Olken ◽  
Julia Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Elite Capture ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Consumption Community ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

This paper reports an experiment in 640 Indonesian villages on three approaches to target the poor: proxy means tests (PMT), where assets are used to predict consumption; community targeting, where villagers rank everyone from richest to poorest; and a hybrid. Defining poverty based on PPP$2 per capita consumption, community targeting and the hybrid perform somewhat worse in identifying the poor than PMT, though not by enough to significantly affect poverty outcomes for a typical program. Elite capture does not explain these results. Instead, communities appear to apply a different concept of poverty. Consistent with this finding, community targeting results in higher satisfaction. (JEL C93, I32, I38, O12, O15, O18, R23)

Market Analysis of the Per Capita Consumption of Smoke Condensate and Nicotine in the Federal Republic of Germany Between 1961 – 1970/Trendanalysen zum Problem des Verbrauches an Nikotin und Rauchkondensat in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für die Jahre 1961-1970

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Misfeld ◽  
J. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Bundesrepublik Deutschland ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

AbstractOn the basis of numerous research results and data on the development of nicotine and condensate contents of German cigarettes, of their respective shares in the market, the smoked length of cigarettes, and of the pro capita consumption of cigarettes in the Federal Republic of Germany, an estimate has been prepared on the yearly pro capita consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic covering the years 1961-1970. The values for 1961 amount to 40.2 g of smoke condensate (crude) and to 2.04 g of nicotine. The values for 1970 are found to be only 29.4 g and 1.63 g respectively. That means that the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine in the Federal Republic has decreased during the last ten years. The share of smokers having remained almost the same, the consumption of smoke condensate and nicotine per smoker is, as well, found to have decreased by about 27 % and 20 % respectively during the years between 1961 and 1970 despite an increased cigarette consumption.

Level and Pattern of Consumption Expenditure of Rural Households among Different Regions of Punjab

2021 ◽  
pp. 468-473
Keyword(s):  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Large Farm ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

The present study, dealing with the inequality in consumption of the rural households across the different regions, is based upon the primary data of the Punjab state. The analysis showed that Malwa excelled other two regions in the per capita consumption. The highest average propensity to consume was observed for Doaba, and it was the lowest for Malwa. All the rural households except large farm of all the three regions and medium farm households of Malwa and Majha were in deficit. Considering all households together, the inequality of household consumption expenditure was relatively high in all three regions, with the same being highest in Majha, followed by Malwa and Doaba. The concentration of consumption expenditure among the land-owning households was greater than the landless households.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Role of the Permanent and Temporary Shocks in Peru Using the Co-Movements Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Cesar R. Sobrino
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
The Common ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Capita Output ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

In this study, we use the co-movements approach to examine the role of permanent (common trend) and temporary (common cycle) shocks on per capita output, per capita consumption, and per capita investment in Peru, a small open commodity-based economy. Using quarterly data from 1993: Q1 to 2019: Q1, the effects of the temporary shocks are short-lived, and, on average, are a minor source of the variations of macro time series, over 10 quarters. This evidence suggests that the main source of per capita output and per capita consumption variations is the common trend shock which must be related to the 1990s reforms. Moreover, per capita output and per capita consumption are less responsive to unfavorable (favorable) common cycle shocks than per capita investment is. This outcome indicates that per capita investment has a much more volatile cycle than per capita private output and per capita consumption which is consistent with a previous empirical work.

scholarly journals An International Comparative Study Of Per Capita Consumption Of Import: Implications For U.S-Japan Trade

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler T. Yu ◽  
Miranda M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Deficit ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Per Capita Consumption ◽  
The U.S

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 37.8pt 0pt 0.5in; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-family: &quot;CG Times&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This paper discusses the per-capita consumption of imports aspect of international trade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>A research hypothesis is tested to investigate if there is a significant difference among G-7 countries in per-capita consumption of imports and the implication of the testing results for the U.S. - Japan bilateral trade deficit.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The results of the ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test yield insignificant variation in per-capita consumption of imported goods/services among the G-7 countries.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The study recapitulates the reason(s) for the U.S. trade deficit with Japan and essentially states that factors other than trade barriers and restrictions cause the U.S. trade deficit with Japan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>While this result may initially seem counterintuitive and inconsistent with popular wisdom, it may actually help uncover the true causes for the sustained trade deficit with Japan.</span></span></p>

Future Timber Demand, an Alternative Model

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon L. Robinson ◽  
Willard R. Fey
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Model ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption

Abstract A projection of future timber demand was developed from historical data on per capita consumption and population and compared with the projection from the USDA Forest Service's "The South's Fourth Forest: Alternatives for the Future." The accumulated discrepancy between these methodologies amounts to 71 billion cubic feet over the period 1986-2030. Reason suggests that both rising real prices and changing consumer preferences are forcing per capita consumption of industrial wood down and that population projections may be substantially less than those used due to social changes that have drawn women into the work force. In the presence of a highly inelastic stumpage demand and supply, even a small decrease in projected consumption would bring about a disproportionate fall in prices. Hence, the dire consequences resulting from rapidly rising future stumpage prices in the South may not materialize. South. J. Appl. For. 14(4):177-183.

EFFECTS OF PREDATOR AND PREY DENSITIES ON INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GOLDFISH AND DAPHNIA PULEX (DE GEER)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Chant ◽  
A. L. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Prey Density ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Capita Consumption ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita Consumption ◽  
Predator Efficiency ◽  
Confined System

The effects on predator efficiency of varying predator and prey densities in a confined system were tested by use of the goldfish and Daphnia pulex. Within the limitations of the experiment, the per capita consumption of prey was reduced by increasing predator density. Also, as prey density increased, the effect on per capita consumption of increasing predator density became less.

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