Inter-rater reliability of case-note audit: a systematic review

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lilford ◽  
Alex Edwards ◽  
Alan Girling ◽  
Timothy Hofer ◽  
Gian Luca Di Tanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Case Note ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Retrospective Examination

Objective: The quality of clinical care is often assessed by retrospective examination of case-notes (charts, medical records). Our objective was to determine the inter-rater reliability of case-note audit. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the inter-rater reliability of case-note audit. Analysis was restricted to 26 papers reporting comparisons of two or three raters making independent judgements about the quality of care. Results: Sixty-six separate comparisons were possible, since some papers reported more than one measurement of reliability. Mean kappa values ranged from 0.32 to 0.70. These may be inflated due to publication bias. Measured reliabilities were found to be higher for case-note reviews based on explicit, as opposed to implicit, criteria and for reviews that focused on outcome (including adverse effects) rather than process errors. We found an association between kappa and the prevalence of errors (poor quality care), suggesting alternatives such as tetrachoric and polychoric correlation coefficients be considered to assess inter-rater reliability. Conclusions: Comparative studies should take into account the relationship between kappa and the prevalence of the events being measured.

A Meta Analytic Review of the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Augusty P. A ◽  
Jain Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Relationship

The study evaluates the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness through a Systematic Review of Literature. The relationship has been evaluated in two steps. First, a Systematic review of literature was done to provide a theoretical framework to link the dimensions of Emotional Intelligence to the elements of effective leadership. Meta-analysis was then used to consolidate empirical evidence of the relationship. The studies for the meta-analysis were sourced from Pro Quest and EBSCO and the correlation coefficients of the studies were analysed. Only articles that presented the direct relationship between the variables were included in the study. The results of the analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant relationship between emotional intelligence and effective leadership. The findings of the study provide evidence for the proposition that Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness are interrelated.

Content of antenatal care and perception about services provided by primary hospitals in Nepal: a convergent mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubraj Acharya ◽  
Nigel James ◽  
Rita Thapa ◽  
Saman Naz ◽  
Rishav Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Outcome Variable

Abstract Background Nepal has made significant strides in maternal and neonatal mortality over the last three decades. However, poor quality of care can threaten the gains, as maternal and newborn services are particularly sensitive to quality of care. Our study aimed to understand current gaps in the process and the outcome dimensions of the quality of antenatal care (ANC), particularly at the sub-national level. We assessed these dimensions of the quality of ANC in 17 primary, public hospitals across Nepal. We also assessed the variation in the ANC process across the patients’ socio-economic gradient. Methods We used a convergent mixed methods approach, whereby we triangulated qualitative and quantitative data. In the quantitative component, we observed interactions between providers (17 hospitals from all 7 provinces) and 198 women seeking ANC and recorded the tasks the providers performed, using the Service Provision Assessments protocol available from the Demographic and Health Survey program. The main outcome variable was the number of tasks performed by the provider during an ANC consultation. The tasks ranged from identifying potential signs of danger to providing counseling. We analyzed the resulting data descriptively and assessed the relationship between the number of tasks performed and users’ characteristics. In the qualitative component, we synthesized users’ and providers’ narratives on perceptions of the overall quality of care obtained through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Results Out of the 59 tasks recommended by the World Health Organization, providers performed only 22 tasks (37.3%) on average. The number of tasks performed varied significantly across provinces, with users in province 3 receiving significantly higher quality care than those in other provinces. Educated women were treated better than those with no education. Users and providers agreed that the overall quality of care was inadequate, although providers mentioned that the current quality was the best they could provide given the constraints they faced. Conclusion The quality of ANC in Nepal’s primary hospitals is poor and inequitable across education and geographic gradients. While current efforts, such as the provision of 24/7 birthing centers, can mitigate gaps in service availability, additional equipment, infrastructure and human resources will be needed to improve quality. Providers also need additional training focused on treating patients from different backgrounds equally. Our study also points to the need for additional research, both to document the quality of care more objectively and to establish key determinants of quality to inform policy.

Self-reported poor quality of sleep in solid organ transplant: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 100650
Author(s):  
Makayla Cordoza ◽  
Brittany Koons ◽  
Michael Perlis ◽  
Brian J. Anderson ◽  
Joshua M. Diamond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Quality Of Sleep

The effectiveness of constraints-led training on skill development in interceptive sports: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Clark ◽  
Kayla McEwan ◽  
Candice J Christie
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Quality Assessments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sporting Performance ◽  
Training Protocol

There has been a recent increase in constraints-led training to assist the development of technical and cognitive skill in sports. While the benefits of constraints-led training appear obvious, the evidence for this type of training is not clear. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to establish the effectiveness of this approach to training within interceptive sports. Four databases (Google Scholar, JURN, Mendeley and Science Direct) were searched for journal articles focused on skill acquisition within interceptive sports. A methodological and reporting quality assessment was done to determine the quality of each article. Eighteen articles were selected for review. The results of these two quality assessments revealed poor quality scores for the majority of the studies. However, 77.7% of the studies found a positive effect in skill acquisition following manipulation in training protocol; therefore, the implementation of the constraints-led approach within interceptive sport can be advocated. Key methodological structures were identified as well as aspects of methodology that should be avoided to ensure reliable results for future studies. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of constraints-led training on interceptive sporting performance.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PUPILS’ EATING HABITS ON THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE CONTEMPORARY SCHOOL SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Bernadette Egede ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Primary School Pupils ◽  
The Relationship

The nexus between academic performance, nutrition and eating habit is globally recognized to the extent that it has inspired various strategies such as ‘school feeding programmes’ in many nations including Nigeria. This correlational study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the eating habits of primary school pupils and their academic performance, using a survey design. Fifty pupils in two intact classes from two schools in rural areas, formed the sample. Data was collected using interviewer-questionnaire, coupled with naturalistic observation, for the eating habits and their results from the term’s examination done within the same periodin the schools. The data was analyzed using SPSS – 23 to determine the correlation coefficients. The results suggest that there is strong relationship between pupils’ eating habits, in terms of frequency of feeding, quality of feeding pattern, and quality of breakfast and their academic performance. In addition, the pupils perceived that eating light breakfast enhances their attention span to learn unlike, skipping of breakfast and eating heavy breakfast. The results of this study provide empirical evidence which can be used to encourage parents in rural areas to provide adequate nutrition for their wards/children to enhance their performance in school as recommended in this paper.

From the Margins to the Mainstream

2018 ◽  
pp. 311-333
Author(s):  
Ronald Ma
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Administrative Datasets

Healthcare system performance needs information on cost and revenue of care because of the rising healthcare costs. Empowering clinicians with clinical costing information is central to the success of containing costs. This information holds clinical data linkage unifying clinical, financial and administrative datasets, and seems to facilitate the spending of scarce health care resources in a way that produces the biggest difference in clinical outcomes. This chapter looks at the methodology and processes of clinical costing and its potential applications to facilitate the delivery of value-based healthcare, which confers quality care at lowest unit cost. Policy implications would be purchasing value-based healthcare, based mostly on quality of care after removing avoidable costs for inefficiency and poor quality. Clinician participation in the clinical costing is the key to success, because clinicians will be informed of the options available to choose the most value-based healthcare, which will, in turn, take care of the tight healthcare budget. Yet, this method of clinical costing is still at the margins.

scholarly journals How Accurately Can Prostate Gland Imaging Measure the Prostate Gland Volume? Results of a Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. H. Christie ◽  
Christopher F. Sharpley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Ultrasound Computed Tomography ◽  
Volume Measurements

Aim. The measurement of the volume of the prostate gland can have an influence on many clinical decisions. Various imaging methods have been used to measure it. Our aim was to conduct the first systematic review of their accuracy. Methods. The literature describing the accuracy of imaging methods for measuring the prostate gland volume was systematically reviewed. Articles were included if they compared volume measurements obtained by medical imaging with a reference volume measurement obtained after removal of the gland by radical prostatectomy. Correlation and concordance statistics were summarised. Results. 28 articles describing 7768 patients were identified. The imaging methods were ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (US, CT, and MRI). Wide variations were noted but most articles about US and CT provided correlation coefficients that lay between 0.70 and 0.90, while those describing MRI seemed slightly more accurate at 0.80-0.96. When concordance was reported, it was similar; over- and underestimation of the prostate were variably reported. Most studies showed evidence of at least moderate bias and the quality of the studies was highly variable. Discussion. The reported correlations were moderate to high in strength indicating that imaging is sufficiently accurate when quantitative measurements of prostate gland volume are required. MRI was slightly more accurate than the other methods.

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