scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder with versus without comorbid major depressive disorder: a resting state fMRI study

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitzy Kennis ◽  
Arthur R. Rademaker ◽  
Sanne J.H. van Rooij ◽  
René S. Kahn ◽  
Elbert Geuze
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Major Depressive

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is often diagnosed with comorbid depressive disorder. Therefore, neuroimaging studies investigating PTSD typically include both patients with and without comorbid depression. Differences in activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula have been shown to differentiate PTSD patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Whether or not comorbid MDD affects resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients has not been investigated to our knowledge. Here, resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients with (PTSD+MDD; n=27) and without (PTSD-MDD; n=23) comorbid MDD was investigated. The subgenual ACC and insula were investigated as seed regions. Connectivity between the subgenual ACC and perigenual parts of the ACC was increased in PTSD+MDD versus PTSD-MDD, which may reflect the presence of depressive specific symptoms such as rumination. Functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC with the thalamus was reduced, potentially related to more severe deficits in executive functioning in the PTSD+MDD group versus the PTSD-MDD group. In addition, the PTSD+MDD group showed reduced functional connectivity of the insula with the hippocampus compared to the PTSD-MDD group. However, this cluster was no longer significantly different when PTSD patients that were using medication were excluded from analyses. Thus, resting state functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC can distinguish PTSD+MDD from PTSD-MDD, and this may therefore be used as a neurobiological marker for comorbid MDD in the presence of PTSD. As PTSD+MDD are more treatment resistant, these findings can also guide treatment development, for example by targeting the subgenual ACC network with treatment.

scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder with versus without comorbid major depressive disorder: a resting state fMRI study

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitzy Kennis ◽  
Arthur R. Rademaker ◽  
Sanne J.H. van Rooij ◽  
René S. Kahn ◽  
Elbert Geuze
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is often diagnosed with comorbid depressive disorder. Therefore, neuroimaging studies investigating PTSD typically include both patients with and without comorbid depression. Differences in activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula have been shown to differentiate PTSD patients with and without major depressive disorder (MDD). Whether or not comorbid MDD affects resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients has not been investigated to our knowledge. Here, resting state functional connectivity of PTSD patients with (PTSD+MDD; n=27) and without (PTSD-MDD; n=23) comorbid MDD was investigated. The subgenual ACC and insula were investigated as seed regions. Connectivity between the subgenual ACC and perigenual parts of the ACC was increased in PTSD+MDD versus PTSD-MDD. Reduced functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC with the thalamus was found in the PTSD+MDD group versus the PTSD-MDD group. These results remained significant after controlling for PTSD severity. In addition, the PTSD+MDD group showed reduced functional connectivity of the insula with the hippocampus compared to the PTSD-MDD group. However, this cluster was no longer significantly different when controlling for PTSD severity. Thus, resting state functional connectivity of the subgenual ACC may distinguish PTSD+MDD from PTSD-MDD. As PTSD patients with comorbid MDD are more treatment resistant, this result may be important for treatment development.

scholarly journals Hemicrania Continua Headache in a Veteran with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder without Traumatic Brain Injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Brandon A. Kohrt ◽  
Erica Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Hemicrania Continua ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
High Flow Oxygen ◽  
Psychopharmacological Intervention

Hemicrania continua is a headache characterized by chronic unremitting unilateral pain associated with ipsilateral autonomic findings. This type of headache responds to high-flow oxygen and indomethacin. This case report describes a male veteran with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder who suffers from comorbid hemicrania continua. The psychiatric symptoms were recalcitrant to psychopharmacological intervention. However, when the patient's hemicrania continua was treated appropriately, the patient's psychiatric symptoms also abated. This case demonstrates the need to address physical comorbidities that may exacerbate psychiatric disorders, such as PTSD.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mudassir Farooqui ◽  
Syed A. Quadri ◽  
Sajid S. Suriya ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ovais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Objectives Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction and loss of life and survivors may suffer psychological symptoms of severe intensity. Our goal in this article is to review studies published in the last 20 years to compile what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring after earthquakes. The review also describes other psychiatric complications that can be associated with earthquakes, to provide readers with better overall understanding, and discusses several sociodemographic factors that can be associated with post-earthquake PTSD Method A search for literature was conducted on major databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in neurology and psychiatry journals, and many other medical journals. Terms used for electronic searches included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake, and natural disaster. The relevant information was then utilized to determine the relationships between earthquakes and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results It was found that PTSD is the most commonly occurring mental health condition among earthquake survivors. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias were also listed. Conclusion The PTSD prevalence rate varied widely. It was dependent on multiple risk factors in target populations and also on the interval of time that had elapsed between the exposure to the deadly incident and measurement. Females seemed to be the most widely-affected group, while elderly people and young children exhibit considerable psychosocial impact.

Examining the latent structure mechanisms for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo C. Hurlocker ◽  
Desirae N. Vidaurri ◽  
Lisa-Ann J. Cuccurullo ◽  
Kelly Maieritsch ◽  
C. Laurel Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Major Depressive
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